HSE管理体系在杏—十联合站扩改建工程中的应用
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摘要
石油行业是集高温、高压、易燃易爆、有毒有害、油气站库基建施工工艺复杂等生产特点为一体的高危行业,在生产作业过程中,如操作、施工不当,就有可能发生重大人身伤害、财产损失、环境污染事故,甚而造成严重的政治影响。油田基本设施建设是确保油田生产的重要基础保障。大庆油田目前正处于确保原油4000万吨／年持续稳产及打造“百年油田”的关键时期,每年有很大的油气站库、老区改造项目建安量,因此油田基本建设也是油田生产的重要一环。而多年来,在基本建设施工过程中,经常出现人员伤害、职业危害及环境污染事件。自从HSE管理体系逐步在基建施工领域推广实施后,进一步规范了施工过程中的健康、安全、环保行为。
本文通过采用比较分析、过程控制等研究方法,将HSE管理体系具体细化为“两书一表”(HSE项目计划书、HSE作业指导书、HSE检查表)指导应用于杏-十联合站扩改建工程,从而使繁琐的概念化的体系转变为可具体操作、便于执行的工作流程,尤其是通过施工全过程风险的全面识别及采取的一系列控制预防措施,规范了员工的健康、安全、环保行为,规避了施工风险,确保了整体工程实现了“零事故、零伤害、零污染”的HSE控制指标。
In1988, in British north PIPERALPHA platform accident happened oilfield, EXXON VALDEZ oil leakage in 1989 to cause serious Marine pollution incident. Due to a major accident of oil field, thus establishing a painful lesson HSE (Health Safety Environment) it be integrated management thoughts.
The HSE management system has become an International petroleum industry, generally follow the HSE management organizations have International geophysicalrear (International federation of contractor of Geophysical.md Contractors) (hereinafter referred to as IAGC), International petroleum exploration and development BBS (E&P BBS), Dutch shell company, BP, American exxonmobil as world famous companies in petroleum company established his HSE management regulations, established the HSE management system.
September 1993-1995 April, China petroleum and natural gas corporation and the Dutch shell exploration (China) Co., LTD, America's eastern oil company parker, the petroleum enterprise contracting business contact HSE management subject first began.
1997 June 27, China formally promulgated by the People's Republic of China petroleum industry standard of the oil and gas industry, health, safety and environment management system (SY/T6276-1997), February 1999, CNPC (China) after oil, oil refinery enterprises on the basis of extensive pilot, released the China national petroleum corporation HSE management manual.
Daqing petroleum administration bureau, daqing oilfield limited liability company since 1998, the enterprise according to the actual needs of unceasingly reorganizing reform, has released three versions of the HSE management manual.
At present, China petroleum and petrochemical enterprises are up and running the HSE management system, and only in the exploration, development and implementation of extended to oil field basic construction, equipment manufacture production, chemical production, engineering and technical service and other business. At present, China has established several HSE management system authentication institutions, consultation and HSE management system for the establishment and effective operation provides the technical support, in addition, China petroleum enterprise of HSE management system has begun to the third party audit certification of standardization, the implementation of compulsory.
In recent years, the country also attaches great importance to health, safety and environmental management, the state administration of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine on January 1,2002 issued out of GB/T28000 OSH "occupational health and safety management system".
By comparison, process control and other methods, the HSE management system will be divided into two books, "concrete" (HSE a project plan, HSE wi, HSE check list) applied in apricot-10 station reconstruction project, thus expanding the conceptual system transformation trival, convenient for operation of workflow execution, especially through the construction process of risk identification and adopt a series of comprehensive control and prevention measures, staffs health, safety and environmental behaviors, avoid the risk of construction, ensure the whole project "zero accidents, zero, zero pollution damage control indicators of HSE.
China petroleum industry liberation got rapid development, especially after the reform and opening, along with the progress of science and technology level of oil and gas development in China, and entered the stage of rapid growth. According to the national bureau of statistics:energy in 2008, the output of crude oil in 1949, is 190 tonnes of 1627 times and in 1978, natural gas output reached 1.8 times 760.8 billion cubic meters,1949 6849.1 times and 1978 5.6 times. China's oil and gas industry has become a national economic construction, safeguard the people's livelihood lifeline and foundation. But we also through the country in recent years, some big oil industry safety, environmental accidents and realized, oil and gas development in the process of production safety and health, environmental problems caused by country and has become more and more people's attention, actively explore the advanced health, safety and environmental management mode, oil and natural gas production and great safety and environmental pollution accidents and become a recent state and relevant safety experts and researching topics.
The oil industry is set high temperature and high pressure, inflammable, explosive and poisonous gas station library construction, and complex process production characteristics for the integration of high-risk industries in production, operation process, such as operation, construction undeserved, may have serious injuries and property loss and environmental pollution accidents, even causing serious political influence. CNPC (China) in internal since oil and gas exploration and development of oil refining and chemical, oil, and establish the basic construction areas after implementation of the HSE management system, further standardize the construction process of the health, safety and environmental behaviors, and through the development of risk assessment, control, and adopt effective measures to control the emergency, in recent years, HSE performance level unceasing enhancement, the enterprise for countries to create huge economic efficiency at the same time, the company has won the "harmonious" dedication energy, the good social influence.
In engineering construction projects HSE management system applications mainly risk assessment and risk management as the core, and by risk management can be identified and infrastructure project construction process that may harm and accidents, "planning, implementing and monitoring the implementation of elements such as" provides the basis and the direction. According to the evaluation results, enterprises or organizations may, in accordance with the actual conditions of the specific performance criteria, formulate measures for preventing harm and emergency response, the construction enterprise to activities such as health, safety and environment to minimize adverse effects.
In the field of the HSE management system are mainly embodied in the application of "two books a table", namely "project HSE plan", "project HSE wi" and "HSE check list". The project HSE plan for projects of major survey, project risks, implement the regulations, the key position and emergency measures, HSE facilities are described in detail. The project HSE wi "is mainly to the project implementation process of the guidance, can direct employees on-site operation," HSE check list "is the process of project HSE management, continuous improvement and HSE work.
But at present, the HSE management system operation process in the system still exist in the following seven aspects:
(1) the HSE management personnel of all levels and responsibility
(2) system is the core of management thought not to obtain the very good implementation
(3) hazards, evaluation and control of achiered work to strengthen
(4) HSE management by objectives and performance evaluation system needs to improve
(5) to treat accident, events attitude
(6) the contractor HSE management
(7) emergency management
The HSE management system effective operation Suggestions:
(1) the managers should strictly abide by the "any decision must be preferred health security environment, safety is the necessary conditions for employment; enterprise must be healthy and safe environment for employees at all levels of training, within the scope of business managers responsible for health and safety at work environment, managers must attend healthy and safe environment audit; employee must participate in positions of hazard identification and risk control; the hidden dangers of accidents must timely rectification; all accidents events must be timely report, analysis and processing.
(2) comprehends truly HSE management system management ideas and methods, namely:the system of management thought, risk management ideas, closed-loop management thought, this is the HSE management system of the three themes.
(3) to strengthen management and technical personnel and business backbone risk identification and evaluation of the training, and in identifying and evaluating hazards, should specify some simple identification and evaluation method, ensure the systematic and comprehensive risk identification.
(4) target management should all levels of target, top-down unfolding, formed layers of bottom-up target system.
(5) to a change in attitude, accidents, encourage employees will occur in the side of the incident, accident and let us share "accident", which is "true toll keep".
(6), regulating the contractor, the contractor in the HSE management and safety in the contract, the contractor shall be further clarify requirements in construction to risk identification and evaluation, and formulates the risk control and emergency measures.
(7) in contingency planning process to make full use of hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control and improve the results of emergency and feasibility plan management of the drill and revised plan period, emergency supplies forward definite requirement.
This paper applies to the HSE management system, how to achieve specific project HSE control process were discussed in detail, and the HSE management system in construction field operation of the common problems are analyzed and summarized, especially the HSE management system will be more practical simplified as the core, easy to operate, a list of "two books," mode is very good to guide the construction process, and finally achieve project HSE goal. This thesis on construction industry, how will the HSE management system and project management, better efficiently has certain directive significance and promotion.
Though the HSE management system in China petroleum industry, but should establish and implement completely transformed into suitable for China's national conditions, mixing and can play its best utility, still need to us in the practical application of trial, looking for more appropriate experience and at the same time, the need for organic integration and project management, project HSE management system in every link of process management, project management content into an organic part of the HSE management system, so that the maximum performance, to ensure the project process of health, safety and environmental protection, HSE management system in order to constantly perfect self improvement and development, and better for the oil and gas industry to create a good health, safety and environmental atmosphere.
本文通过采用比较分析、过程控制等研究方法,将HSE管理体系具体细化为“两书一表”(HSE项目计划书、HSE作业指导书、HSE检查表)指导应用于杏-十联合站扩改建工程,从而使繁琐的概念化的体系转变为可具体操作、便于执行的工作流程,尤其是通过施工全过程风险的全面识别及采取的一系列控制预防措施,规范了员工的健康、安全、环保行为,规避了施工风险,确保了整体工程实现了“零事故、零伤害、零污染”的HSE控制指标。
In1988, in British north PIPERALPHA platform accident happened oilfield, EXXON VALDEZ oil leakage in 1989 to cause serious Marine pollution incident. Due to a major accident of oil field, thus establishing a painful lesson HSE (Health Safety Environment) it be integrated management thoughts.
The HSE management system has become an International petroleum industry, generally follow the HSE management organizations have International geophysicalrear (International federation of contractor of Geophysical.md Contractors) (hereinafter referred to as IAGC), International petroleum exploration and development BBS (E&P BBS), Dutch shell company, BP, American exxonmobil as world famous companies in petroleum company established his HSE management regulations, established the HSE management system.
September 1993-1995 April, China petroleum and natural gas corporation and the Dutch shell exploration (China) Co., LTD, America's eastern oil company parker, the petroleum enterprise contracting business contact HSE management subject first began.
1997 June 27, China formally promulgated by the People's Republic of China petroleum industry standard of the oil and gas industry, health, safety and environment management system (SY/T6276-1997), February 1999, CNPC (China) after oil, oil refinery enterprises on the basis of extensive pilot, released the China national petroleum corporation HSE management manual.
Daqing petroleum administration bureau, daqing oilfield limited liability company since 1998, the enterprise according to the actual needs of unceasingly reorganizing reform, has released three versions of the HSE management manual.
At present, China petroleum and petrochemical enterprises are up and running the HSE management system, and only in the exploration, development and implementation of extended to oil field basic construction, equipment manufacture production, chemical production, engineering and technical service and other business. At present, China has established several HSE management system authentication institutions, consultation and HSE management system for the establishment and effective operation provides the technical support, in addition, China petroleum enterprise of HSE management system has begun to the third party audit certification of standardization, the implementation of compulsory.
In recent years, the country also attaches great importance to health, safety and environmental management, the state administration of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine on January 1,2002 issued out of GB/T28000 OSH "occupational health and safety management system".
By comparison, process control and other methods, the HSE management system will be divided into two books, "concrete" (HSE a project plan, HSE wi, HSE check list) applied in apricot-10 station reconstruction project, thus expanding the conceptual system transformation trival, convenient for operation of workflow execution, especially through the construction process of risk identification and adopt a series of comprehensive control and prevention measures, staffs health, safety and environmental behaviors, avoid the risk of construction, ensure the whole project "zero accidents, zero, zero pollution damage control indicators of HSE.
China petroleum industry liberation got rapid development, especially after the reform and opening, along with the progress of science and technology level of oil and gas development in China, and entered the stage of rapid growth. According to the national bureau of statistics:energy in 2008, the output of crude oil in 1949, is 190 tonnes of 1627 times and in 1978, natural gas output reached 1.8 times 760.8 billion cubic meters,1949 6849.1 times and 1978 5.6 times. China's oil and gas industry has become a national economic construction, safeguard the people's livelihood lifeline and foundation. But we also through the country in recent years, some big oil industry safety, environmental accidents and realized, oil and gas development in the process of production safety and health, environmental problems caused by country and has become more and more people's attention, actively explore the advanced health, safety and environmental management mode, oil and natural gas production and great safety and environmental pollution accidents and become a recent state and relevant safety experts and researching topics.
The oil industry is set high temperature and high pressure, inflammable, explosive and poisonous gas station library construction, and complex process production characteristics for the integration of high-risk industries in production, operation process, such as operation, construction undeserved, may have serious injuries and property loss and environmental pollution accidents, even causing serious political influence. CNPC (China) in internal since oil and gas exploration and development of oil refining and chemical, oil, and establish the basic construction areas after implementation of the HSE management system, further standardize the construction process of the health, safety and environmental behaviors, and through the development of risk assessment, control, and adopt effective measures to control the emergency, in recent years, HSE performance level unceasing enhancement, the enterprise for countries to create huge economic efficiency at the same time, the company has won the "harmonious" dedication energy, the good social influence.
In engineering construction projects HSE management system applications mainly risk assessment and risk management as the core, and by risk management can be identified and infrastructure project construction process that may harm and accidents, "planning, implementing and monitoring the implementation of elements such as" provides the basis and the direction. According to the evaluation results, enterprises or organizations may, in accordance with the actual conditions of the specific performance criteria, formulate measures for preventing harm and emergency response, the construction enterprise to activities such as health, safety and environment to minimize adverse effects.
In the field of the HSE management system are mainly embodied in the application of "two books a table", namely "project HSE plan", "project HSE wi" and "HSE check list". The project HSE plan for projects of major survey, project risks, implement the regulations, the key position and emergency measures, HSE facilities are described in detail. The project HSE wi "is mainly to the project implementation process of the guidance, can direct employees on-site operation," HSE check list "is the process of project HSE management, continuous improvement and HSE work.
But at present, the HSE management system operation process in the system still exist in the following seven aspects:
(1) the HSE management personnel of all levels and responsibility
(2) system is the core of management thought not to obtain the very good implementation
(3) hazards, evaluation and control of achiered work to strengthen
(4) HSE management by objectives and performance evaluation system needs to improve
(5) to treat accident, events attitude
(6) the contractor HSE management
(7) emergency management
The HSE management system effective operation Suggestions:
(1) the managers should strictly abide by the "any decision must be preferred health security environment, safety is the necessary conditions for employment; enterprise must be healthy and safe environment for employees at all levels of training, within the scope of business managers responsible for health and safety at work environment, managers must attend healthy and safe environment audit; employee must participate in positions of hazard identification and risk control; the hidden dangers of accidents must timely rectification; all accidents events must be timely report, analysis and processing.
(2) comprehends truly HSE management system management ideas and methods, namely:the system of management thought, risk management ideas, closed-loop management thought, this is the HSE management system of the three themes.
(3) to strengthen management and technical personnel and business backbone risk identification and evaluation of the training, and in identifying and evaluating hazards, should specify some simple identification and evaluation method, ensure the systematic and comprehensive risk identification.
(4) target management should all levels of target, top-down unfolding, formed layers of bottom-up target system.
(5) to a change in attitude, accidents, encourage employees will occur in the side of the incident, accident and let us share "accident", which is "true toll keep".
(6), regulating the contractor, the contractor in the HSE management and safety in the contract, the contractor shall be further clarify requirements in construction to risk identification and evaluation, and formulates the risk control and emergency measures.
(7) in contingency planning process to make full use of hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control and improve the results of emergency and feasibility plan management of the drill and revised plan period, emergency supplies forward definite requirement.
This paper applies to the HSE management system, how to achieve specific project HSE control process were discussed in detail, and the HSE management system in construction field operation of the common problems are analyzed and summarized, especially the HSE management system will be more practical simplified as the core, easy to operate, a list of "two books," mode is very good to guide the construction process, and finally achieve project HSE goal. This thesis on construction industry, how will the HSE management system and project management, better efficiently has certain directive significance and promotion.
Though the HSE management system in China petroleum industry, but should establish and implement completely transformed into suitable for China's national conditions, mixing and can play its best utility, still need to us in the practical application of trial, looking for more appropriate experience and at the same time, the need for organic integration and project management, project HSE management system in every link of process management, project management content into an organic part of the HSE management system, so that the maximum performance, to ensure the project process of health, safety and environmental protection, HSE management system in order to constantly perfect self improvement and development, and better for the oil and gas industry to create a good health, safety and environmental atmosphere.
引文
[1]卢向南.项目计划与控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008.
[2]程元军.项目质量管理.北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[3]耿修林,张琳.管理统计[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[4]王光彬.危险化学品安全[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨地图出版社,2006.
[5]马玉杰.企业安全管理.哈尔滨：哈尔滨地图出版社,2004.
[6]天地大方.企业安全管理过程指南.北京：中国工人出版社,2003.
[7]毕星,翟丽,项目管理[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2000.
[8]李涛,张敏.化学品职业危害分类控制技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005.
[9]中国疾病预防中心.最新实用危险化学品应急救援指南[M].北京：中国协和医科大学出版社,2003.
[10]袁宗信,曹鑫方,礼新.野外作业职工保健自救手册[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1999.
[11]中国石油天然气集团公司安全环保部.中国石油天然气集团公司HSE管理原则学习手册[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2009.
[12]周三多,陈传明.管理学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2005.
[13]中国石油天然气集团公司HSE认证指导委员会办公室.健康安全环境管理体系基础知识[M].2000.
[14]大庆油田有限责任公司健康、安全与环境管理体系[M].2009.
[15]大庆油田有限责任公司HSE管理规章制度[M].2009.
[16]胡谷华.对危险作业安全监控技术的探讨与研究[J].安全生产与监督, 2007(6)：38-39.
[17]智洪安.管道施工项目中存在的问题及其建议[J].石油工业技术监督,2007(12)：34-37.
[18]郝伟强.建立工程项目准入机制改善业主和承包商的安全表现[J].安全,2007(2)：20-22.
[19]张国宗,王少春,井水兰.项目安全管理中全面质量管理理念的应用[J].中国医院建筑与装备,2006(3)：42-44.
[20]王宗怀.对欧美建筑行业职业安全健康管理模式的理解与思考[J].铁道工程学报,2006(6)：87-91.
[21]郝生跃,柴正兴.完善我国建筑安全管理组织体系的思考[J].中国软科学,2006(6)：13-19.
[22]王宇航,位鑫.2004欧洲职业安全工作简介[J].现代职业安全,2005(9)：85.
[23]翟中祥.建筑企业质量、环境、职业健康安全一体化管理体系的设计[J].铁道技术监督,2007(3)：13-15.
[24]石华军.论电力基建企业实施质量、环境、职业健康安全一体化管理体系的可行性与有效性[J].广东输电与变电技术,2004(6)：26-28.
[25]卢延刚.职业安全健康管理体系如何建设[J].运输经理世界,2007(Z1)：94-95.
[26]翟中祥.建筑企业质量、环境、职业健康安全一体化管理体系的设计[J].铁道技术监督,2007(3)：13-15.
[27]宁丙文.环球职业安全健康动态[J].劳动保护,2007(4)：114-116.
[28]宋明宪.体化管理优在哪儿——质量、环境和职业健康安全一体化管理模式探讨[J].施工企业管理,2007(1)：62-63.
[29]闪淳昌.加强应急预案体系建设提高应对突发事件和风险的能力[J].现代职业安全,2007(3)：78—81.
[2]程元军.项目质量管理.北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[3]耿修林,张琳.管理统计[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[4]王光彬.危险化学品安全[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨地图出版社,2006.
[5]马玉杰.企业安全管理.哈尔滨：哈尔滨地图出版社,2004.
[6]天地大方.企业安全管理过程指南.北京：中国工人出版社,2003.
[7]毕星,翟丽,项目管理[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,2000.
[8]李涛,张敏.化学品职业危害分类控制技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005.
[9]中国疾病预防中心.最新实用危险化学品应急救援指南[M].北京：中国协和医科大学出版社,2003.
[10]袁宗信,曹鑫方,礼新.野外作业职工保健自救手册[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1999.
[11]中国石油天然气集团公司安全环保部.中国石油天然气集团公司HSE管理原则学习手册[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2009.
[12]周三多,陈传明.管理学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2005.
[13]中国石油天然气集团公司HSE认证指导委员会办公室.健康安全环境管理体系基础知识[M].2000.
[14]大庆油田有限责任公司健康、安全与环境管理体系[M].2009.
[15]大庆油田有限责任公司HSE管理规章制度[M].2009.
[16]胡谷华.对危险作业安全监控技术的探讨与研究[J].安全生产与监督, 2007(6)：38-39.
[17]智洪安.管道施工项目中存在的问题及其建议[J].石油工业技术监督,2007(12)：34-37.
[18]郝伟强.建立工程项目准入机制改善业主和承包商的安全表现[J].安全,2007(2)：20-22.
[19]张国宗,王少春,井水兰.项目安全管理中全面质量管理理念的应用[J].中国医院建筑与装备,2006(3)：42-44.
[20]王宗怀.对欧美建筑行业职业安全健康管理模式的理解与思考[J].铁道工程学报,2006(6)：87-91.
[21]郝生跃,柴正兴.完善我国建筑安全管理组织体系的思考[J].中国软科学,2006(6)：13-19.
[22]王宇航,位鑫.2004欧洲职业安全工作简介[J].现代职业安全,2005(9)：85.
[23]翟中祥.建筑企业质量、环境、职业健康安全一体化管理体系的设计[J].铁道技术监督,2007(3)：13-15.
[24]石华军.论电力基建企业实施质量、环境、职业健康安全一体化管理体系的可行性与有效性[J].广东输电与变电技术,2004(6)：26-28.
[25]卢延刚.职业安全健康管理体系如何建设[J].运输经理世界,2007(Z1)：94-95.
[26]翟中祥.建筑企业质量、环境、职业健康安全一体化管理体系的设计[J].铁道技术监督,2007(3)：13-15.
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