基于OFDM的雷达体制研究
摘要
低截获概率雷达技术研究是雷达电子对抗的重要发展方向。从现代低截获雷达所用的信号形式来看,基于OFDM技术的雷达信号采用了多载波技术和伪码调制技术,使得雷达信号频谱扩展到很宽的频带内,时域上波形非常接近于白噪声,从而在时域和频域上该雷达的信号峰均比都很低,这些信号特性使基于OFDM技术的雷达体制具有很强的隐秘性、抗噪性和低截获性。
本文根据OFDM技术对基于OFDM的雷达信号进行理论分析、建模和仿真。具体给出了OFDM雷达系统结构,并对发射和接收过程的信号进行了推导分析。给出并仿真了该雷达的信号处理方案,分析了该雷达的多普勒敏感性和分辨能力,讨论了载波数的选取对峰均功率比的影响,以及微波前端饱和功率放大器对雷达检测性能的影响。在ISE 7.0平台上对该雷达系统模型进行了仿真,并将信号处理输出结果与MATLAB仿真进行了比对分析。通过仿真证明这种信号处理的可行性和有效性。
LPI (Low Probability Interception) radar technology is on the radar electronic countermeasures important direction of development. From the modern low intercepted radar signals used by the form, based on OFDM technology of radar signals using a multi-carrier technology and pseudo-code modulation technique, makes radar signals extend to a wide spectrum of the band, when the domain waveform very close to white noise , In the time domain and frequency domain on the radar signal PAPR are very low, these signals of OFDM-based technology so that the radar system is highly secretive, anti-noise and low probability intercepted.
This paper is based on OFDM technology for OFDM radar signal theory analysis, modeling and simulation. OFDM is a specific radar system structure, process and transmit and receive signals are derived analysis. And given the simulation of the radar signal processing programmes, analysis of the Doppler radar sensitivity and the ability to identify, discussed the carrier to select the number of PAPR impact and the microwave power amplifier front-end saturation of radar detection performance. On the ISE 7.0 platform , the radar system is analysed on the model of the simulation, signal processing output and MATLAB simulation. The simulation proves that this signal processing the feasibility and effectiveness.
本文根据OFDM技术对基于OFDM的雷达信号进行理论分析、建模和仿真。具体给出了OFDM雷达系统结构,并对发射和接收过程的信号进行了推导分析。给出并仿真了该雷达的信号处理方案,分析了该雷达的多普勒敏感性和分辨能力,讨论了载波数的选取对峰均功率比的影响,以及微波前端饱和功率放大器对雷达检测性能的影响。在ISE 7.0平台上对该雷达系统模型进行了仿真,并将信号处理输出结果与MATLAB仿真进行了比对分析。通过仿真证明这种信号处理的可行性和有效性。
LPI (Low Probability Interception) radar technology is on the radar electronic countermeasures important direction of development. From the modern low intercepted radar signals used by the form, based on OFDM technology of radar signals using a multi-carrier technology and pseudo-code modulation technique, makes radar signals extend to a wide spectrum of the band, when the domain waveform very close to white noise , In the time domain and frequency domain on the radar signal PAPR are very low, these signals of OFDM-based technology so that the radar system is highly secretive, anti-noise and low probability intercepted.
This paper is based on OFDM technology for OFDM radar signal theory analysis, modeling and simulation. OFDM is a specific radar system structure, process and transmit and receive signals are derived analysis. And given the simulation of the radar signal processing programmes, analysis of the Doppler radar sensitivity and the ability to identify, discussed the carrier to select the number of PAPR impact and the microwave power amplifier front-end saturation of radar detection performance. On the ISE 7.0 platform , the radar system is analysed on the model of the simulation, signal processing output and MATLAB simulation. The simulation proves that this signal processing the feasibility and effectiveness.
引文
[1]Prasad,V.Shameem,U.B.Desai,D S.N.Merchant.Improvement in target detection performance of pulse coded Doppler radar based on multicarrier modulation with fast Fourier transform(FFT).IEEE Proc-Radar Sonar Navig.(Vol.151 No.1).February
[2]3rd Generation Partnership Project 25.814.V0.2.1.UTRA:Physical Layer Aspects for Evolved UTRA,2005
[3]Yasamin Mostofi.Timing Synchronization And ICI Mitigation for Pilot-Aided OFDM Mobile Systems.California:Stanford University,2003
[4]Ahmad R.S.Bahai and Burton R.Saltzberg.Multi-carrier digital communications-theory and application of OFDM.NJ:Kluwer Academic,1999
[5]J.Bingham.Multicarrier modulation for data transmission.IEEE Communications Magazine.May 1990(5):5-14,
[6]H.Cheon,D.Hong.Effect of channel estimation error in OFDM-based WLAN.IEEE Comm.May 2002:letter vol.6 no.5
[7]J.Chow,J.Tu,J.Cioffi.A discrete mutitone transceiver system for HDSL applications.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.Aug.1991:9(6):895-908
[8]L.Cimini.Analysis and simulation of a digital mobile channel using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.IEEE Trans Commun vol.comm-33,July 1985:pp.665-675
[9]A.Hutter,E.Carvalho and J.Cioffi.On the impact of channel estimation for multiple antenna diversity reception in mobile OFDM systems.34th Asilomar 2000 vol 2 Pages 1820-1824
[10]P.Robertson,S.Kaiser.The effects of Doppler spreads in OFDM mobile radio system.Proc.VTC'99-Fall.1999:pp 329-333
[11]J.M.Cioffi.A Muticarrier Primer.in ANSI TIE 1.4 Committee Contribution.Boca Raton.FL.Nov.1991:No.91-157
[12]孙焱.低截获概率雷达.西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2001
[13]丁鹭飞.雷达原理.第3版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[14]向敬成,张明友.雷达系统.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[15]王宗全.截获因子的分析与设计.O八一科技:12-16
[16]赵峰,王永良.预警机雷达的低截获概率措施及分析.空军雷达学院学报.2001(3)
[17]杨兵叶翻译.现代低截获概率雷达的分析和设计.情报译文,2004(3):45-50
[18]郑高谦.实现低截获概率雷达的技术途径.现代电子,2004(3)
[19]黄鹏刚.低截获概率雷达技术研究.现代电子技术,2003(18):24-25
[20]葛建军等.低截获概率雷达性能分析与实现.电讯技术,1998
[21]曲文长.低截获概率雷达原理与技术.导航与雷达动态,2001(3):26-35
[22]阮怀林,罗景青,俞志富.低截获概率雷达及其技术分析.中国电子学电子对抗分会第十三届学术集:357-361
[23]潘继飞,莫翠琼.低截获概率雷达及其实现技术.现代雷达面临的电子对抗威胁学术研讨会论文集:13-16
[24]产运华.低截获概率雷达及其关键技术.现代电子,1997(4):27-34
[25]赵国庆.雷达对抗原理.第3版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[26]张拥顺,童宁宁,赵国庆.雷达电子战原理.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,2006
[27]张锡熊.低截获概率(LPI)雷达的发展.现代雷达,2003(12)
[28]刘国岁,顾红,苏为民.随机信号雷达.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,2005
[29]朱华邦,高政民,温学峰.雷达抗反辐射导弹的技术与实现.飞航导弹,2005(10):29-31
[30]徐映和.静悄悄的卫士--低截获概率雷达.探测与定位,2004(3):1-13
[31]林茂庸,柯有安.雷达信号理论.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,1984
[32]胡广书.数字信号处理理论导论.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[33]刘国岁.随机信号雷达与“四抗技术”.21世纪论文集
[34]倪敢峰.低截获雷达技术研究.南京理工大学硕士论文,2007
[35]J.R.Forest.Technique for low probability of LPI radar signal.MAST.1983:496-500
[36]Alex Kurzhanskiy.OFDM Peak to Average Ratio Problem.EE224B Project.2004
[37]Louis Litwin,Michael Pugel.The principles of OFDM.RF signal processing.Jan 2001:30-48
[38]Weinstein.S.B,Ebert.P.M.Data Transmission by Frequence-Division Multiplexing Using the Discrete Fourier Transform.IEEE Transactions on Communication
[39]J Heiskala,J Terry.OFDM Wireless LANs:A Theoretical and Practical Use.SAMS.2002 pp 31-36:292-295
[40]Ove Edfors,Magnus Sandell,Jan-Jaap van de Beck,Daniel Landstrom,Frank Sjoberg.An Introduction to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.University of Lulea.September,1996
[41]Knud Knudsen,Bob Heise,Mohsen Hosseinian,Michael FaRouche.A 26 Mbps OFDM Transceiver.Canada:Wi-LAN Inc,2002
[42]Erich Cosby.Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Tutorial and Analysis. Virginia Tech:Northem Virginia Center,December 11,2001
[43]吕爱琴.基于Matlab的OFDM的系统仿真及性能分析.计算机仿真,2005(10)
[44]汪学刚,张名友.现代信号理论.第2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[45]廖科,蒲亦非,周激流,张松.OFDM技术及其MATLAB模拟.无线通信技术,2004(3):10-12
[46]王文博,刘侃.宽带无线通信OFDM技术.第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[47]佟学俭,罗涛.OFDM移动通信技术原理与应用.第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[48]罗卫兵,王永生.具有低截获概率的直序扩频系统.系统仿真报,2002(7):958-960
[49]薄华,马缚龙,焦李成.扩频调制技术在多载波扩频雷达中的应用.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,1.31,(4):526-529
[50]李一兵.扩谱雷达信号截获时间研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2000,1.21(5):68-71
[51]沈允春.扩谱技术.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,1995
[52]Eric Lawrey.The suitability of OFDM as a modulation technique for wireless telecommunications,with a CDMA comparison.1997
[53]Mary Ann Ingrain.OFDM Simulation Using MATLAB,2000
[54]刘敏,魏玲.MATLAB通信仿真与应用.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社.2001
[55]郭文彬,桑林.通信原理--基于MATLAB的计算机仿真.第1版.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006
[56]邓华.MATLAB通信仿真及应用实例详解.第1版.北京:人民邮电出社,2003
[2]3rd Generation Partnership Project 25.814.V0.2.1.UTRA:Physical Layer Aspects for Evolved UTRA,2005
[3]Yasamin Mostofi.Timing Synchronization And ICI Mitigation for Pilot-Aided OFDM Mobile Systems.California:Stanford University,2003
[4]Ahmad R.S.Bahai and Burton R.Saltzberg.Multi-carrier digital communications-theory and application of OFDM.NJ:Kluwer Academic,1999
[5]J.Bingham.Multicarrier modulation for data transmission.IEEE Communications Magazine.May 1990(5):5-14,
[6]H.Cheon,D.Hong.Effect of channel estimation error in OFDM-based WLAN.IEEE Comm.May 2002:letter vol.6 no.5
[7]J.Chow,J.Tu,J.Cioffi.A discrete mutitone transceiver system for HDSL applications.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.Aug.1991:9(6):895-908
[8]L.Cimini.Analysis and simulation of a digital mobile channel using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.IEEE Trans Commun vol.comm-33,July 1985:pp.665-675
[9]A.Hutter,E.Carvalho and J.Cioffi.On the impact of channel estimation for multiple antenna diversity reception in mobile OFDM systems.34th Asilomar 2000 vol 2 Pages 1820-1824
[10]P.Robertson,S.Kaiser.The effects of Doppler spreads in OFDM mobile radio system.Proc.VTC'99-Fall.1999:pp 329-333
[11]J.M.Cioffi.A Muticarrier Primer.in ANSI TIE 1.4 Committee Contribution.Boca Raton.FL.Nov.1991:No.91-157
[12]孙焱.低截获概率雷达.西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2001
[13]丁鹭飞.雷达原理.第3版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[14]向敬成,张明友.雷达系统.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[15]王宗全.截获因子的分析与设计.O八一科技:12-16
[16]赵峰,王永良.预警机雷达的低截获概率措施及分析.空军雷达学院学报.2001(3)
[17]杨兵叶翻译.现代低截获概率雷达的分析和设计.情报译文,2004(3):45-50
[18]郑高谦.实现低截获概率雷达的技术途径.现代电子,2004(3)
[19]黄鹏刚.低截获概率雷达技术研究.现代电子技术,2003(18):24-25
[20]葛建军等.低截获概率雷达性能分析与实现.电讯技术,1998
[21]曲文长.低截获概率雷达原理与技术.导航与雷达动态,2001(3):26-35
[22]阮怀林,罗景青,俞志富.低截获概率雷达及其技术分析.中国电子学电子对抗分会第十三届学术集:357-361
[23]潘继飞,莫翠琼.低截获概率雷达及其实现技术.现代雷达面临的电子对抗威胁学术研讨会论文集:13-16
[24]产运华.低截获概率雷达及其关键技术.现代电子,1997(4):27-34
[25]赵国庆.雷达对抗原理.第3版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[26]张拥顺,童宁宁,赵国庆.雷达电子战原理.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,2006
[27]张锡熊.低截获概率(LPI)雷达的发展.现代雷达,2003(12)
[28]刘国岁,顾红,苏为民.随机信号雷达.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,2005
[29]朱华邦,高政民,温学峰.雷达抗反辐射导弹的技术与实现.飞航导弹,2005(10):29-31
[30]徐映和.静悄悄的卫士--低截获概率雷达.探测与定位,2004(3):1-13
[31]林茂庸,柯有安.雷达信号理论.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,1984
[32]胡广书.数字信号处理理论导论.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[33]刘国岁.随机信号雷达与“四抗技术”.21世纪论文集
[34]倪敢峰.低截获雷达技术研究.南京理工大学硕士论文,2007
[35]J.R.Forest.Technique for low probability of LPI radar signal.MAST.1983:496-500
[36]Alex Kurzhanskiy.OFDM Peak to Average Ratio Problem.EE224B Project.2004
[37]Louis Litwin,Michael Pugel.The principles of OFDM.RF signal processing.Jan 2001:30-48
[38]Weinstein.S.B,Ebert.P.M.Data Transmission by Frequence-Division Multiplexing Using the Discrete Fourier Transform.IEEE Transactions on Communication
[39]J Heiskala,J Terry.OFDM Wireless LANs:A Theoretical and Practical Use.SAMS.2002 pp 31-36:292-295
[40]Ove Edfors,Magnus Sandell,Jan-Jaap van de Beck,Daniel Landstrom,Frank Sjoberg.An Introduction to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.University of Lulea.September,1996
[41]Knud Knudsen,Bob Heise,Mohsen Hosseinian,Michael FaRouche.A 26 Mbps OFDM Transceiver.Canada:Wi-LAN Inc,2002
[42]Erich Cosby.Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Tutorial and Analysis. Virginia Tech:Northem Virginia Center,December 11,2001
[43]吕爱琴.基于Matlab的OFDM的系统仿真及性能分析.计算机仿真,2005(10)
[44]汪学刚,张名友.现代信号理论.第2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[45]廖科,蒲亦非,周激流,张松.OFDM技术及其MATLAB模拟.无线通信技术,2004(3):10-12
[46]王文博,刘侃.宽带无线通信OFDM技术.第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[47]佟学俭,罗涛.OFDM移动通信技术原理与应用.第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[48]罗卫兵,王永生.具有低截获概率的直序扩频系统.系统仿真报,2002(7):958-960
[49]薄华,马缚龙,焦李成.扩频调制技术在多载波扩频雷达中的应用.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,1.31,(4):526-529
[50]李一兵.扩谱雷达信号截获时间研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2000,1.21(5):68-71
[51]沈允春.扩谱技术.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,1995
[52]Eric Lawrey.The suitability of OFDM as a modulation technique for wireless telecommunications,with a CDMA comparison.1997
[53]Mary Ann Ingrain.OFDM Simulation Using MATLAB,2000
[54]刘敏,魏玲.MATLAB通信仿真与应用.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社.2001
[55]郭文彬,桑林.通信原理--基于MATLAB的计算机仿真.第1版.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006
[56]邓华.MATLAB通信仿真及应用实例详解.第1版.北京:人民邮电出社,2003
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