摄影已经深刻地渗透到当代社会生活图景当中,但是对于摄影背后隐含的权力关系却还没有得到充分的认识和论述。作为信息时代核心媒介之一,摄影在全球网络中占有重要的信息承载和传播地位。如何认识摄影并适当阐释摄影已经成为当今社会的重要议题。
基于上述观点,本文从“权力关系”的角度入手,大致上以摄影发展的时间为轴线,通过对意识形态与摄影的产生与结合、摄影媒介形成阶段的意识形态表现、摄影经典理论阶段的个体阅读经验以及当代政治图景下微观权力层面的话语权争夺等四个方面进行论述,从而综合分析一种摄影权力关系阅读的视角。
本文第一章讨论意识形态与摄影的产生与结合,主要论述了意识形态与摄影的出场、摄影作为镜像复制的工具性以及意识相态通过商业摄影向社会的渗透。
第二章讨论摄影媒介形成阶段的意识形态表现,分别论述了意识形态与战地摄影、新闻摄影结合而形成的权力关系以及摄影进入大众日常生活带来的意识形态变化。
第三章讨论了摄影经典理论阶段的个体阅读经验,包括本雅明提出的作为生产技术的摄影、罗兰·巴特早期和晚期的摄影理论以及苏珊·桑塔格对摄影的意识形态批判理论。
第四章讨论当代政治图景下微观权力层面的话语权争夺,重点剖析了作为媒介的权力网络的形成以及在影像阐释过程中对于“真实”的博弈。
通过上述分析,最后本文期望对摄影能够得到一种新的理解,即意识形态一直内在于摄影的各个领域,对摄影的解读和阐释不能回避摄影背后的权力关系。 Photography now is so deeply involved in modern life, but we still have not fully understood or discussed the power relationship hiding behind it. Being the core media of this information era, photography is essencial in the message carrying and transporting on the worldwide network. Hence how to understand and properly interpret photography is a key subject in modern society.
On the basis of previous points, this dissertation follows the timeline of the development of photography to discuss four aspects from the angle of power relationship:the emergence of ideology and photography, the phenomenon of ideology during the development of photography media, classical photography theories as well as power of discourse in a modern micro power network. With the discussion this dissertation explores a view of photography as power relationship.
The first chapter discusses the emergence of ideology and photography. Three questions are discussed including the arising of ideology and photography, the mirror reflection of photography, and the commercialization of photography.
The second chapter discusses the phenomenon of ideology during the development of photography media. Three aspects are explored including the power relationship formed by the combinations of ideology and battlefield photography, ideology and news photography, and the change of ideology when photography enters the daily life of the mass.
The third chapter analyses the classical photography theories of Walter Benjamin, Roland Barthes and Susan Sontage.
The fourth chapter explores the strggle for the power of discourse on a micro power network, and focuses on the development of micro power relationship network as media and the game of "truth" in the interpretation of photography.
With the analysis above, this dissertation expects to explore a new way of understanding photography, which means that ideology is implanted in all the development phases of photograohy. The interpretation of photography must put power relationship into consideration.