山西庞泉沟自然保护区森林景观格局研究
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摘要
本文利用2004年SPOT5、1999年Landsat7ETM+、1990年Landsat5TM三期卫星影像数据,基于地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感技术(RS)、运用景观格局指数对庞泉沟森林景观现状及动态进行分析,进而对保护区的森林景观规划提出建议,为今后提高景观质量和管理水平提供支持。
论文结合三期遥感数据,对庞泉沟地区的森林景观空间格局及其动态变化过程进行了分析,结果表明,有林地是庞泉沟地区景观的基质,在控制景观整体结构、功能和动态过程中起着主导作用。有林地斑块平均规模逐步扩大,斑块形状逐步趋于复杂,但景观整体的多样性有所下降,均匀度指数也处于低水平,说明景观中的优势类型(华北落叶松林和云杉林)逐渐加强其优势地位,从而使景观总体的异质性有所下降。
保护区划分了三个功能区,即核心区、缓冲区和实验区。核心区斑块平均规模最大,景观类型最少;实验区包括了保护区所有的景观要素类型,面积最大,斑块数最多。核心区景观类型的形状最复杂,实验区斑块形状规则。核心区的斑块密度最小,其次是实验区。缓冲区斑块密度最大,功能区的景观多样性指数受景观类型数影响较大,核心区的景观类型最少,多样性指数最小;实验区的景观类型最多,多样性指数最大。缓冲区具有最高的优势度和最低的均匀度值。
功能区景观格局动态分析表明:2004年的核心区的景观类型少于1990和1999年的,总体上核心区斑块平均规模变化是先增大都减小,实验区的斑块平均规模一直减小。无论核心区还是实验区,总体的斑块密度和边缘密度都在逐年增加,实验区的变化幅度较大。实验区的多样性高于核心区,2004年的核心区和实验区的多样性均低于其他年份。从均匀度数据来看,核心区2004年最高,实验区2004年最低,说明核心区2004年的异质性最低,实验区2004年的异质性最高。
庞泉沟自然保护区2000年的总体规划明确了保护原则和目标,将保护区功能区区划调整为核心区、缓冲区和实验区,这个更改是合理、科学的。另外,基于2000年总体规划的不足,本文从林道景观和生态旅游开发两个方面提出了建议。
With 2004 SPOT5, 1999 Landsat7ETM+, 1990the Landsat5TM satellites images data, based on the geographic information system (GIS) and the remote sensing (RS), we analyzed the current situation and dynamic of forest landscape carries on the analysis using the landscape pattern index to Pang Quangou. Then its results will put forward proposal to forest landscape plan, for improving the landscape quality and the management level.
With the data of three courses of RS, the paper conducted analysis to the forest landscape distribution and the dynamic process of the Pangquangou area, which concluded that the forested land as matrix of the Pangquangou area plays the dominant role in controlling the landscape general structure, functions and the dynamic processes. The results of the dynamic analysis indicate that with the expansion of the average scale of the forested land patch, the form of the patch turns to be more complicated, the landscape diversity declined, and the eveness index tended to be at the low level,explaining that the dominant types of the landscape (Larix principis-rupprechtii forest and the spruce forest) gradually strengthened its dominant positions to make the general landscape variation level lower.
The Reserve has divided three function areas, namely core, buffer and experimental area. Core area has largest average scale, least landscape types; experimental area has all types in reserve, and its area biggest, the patch number is largest. The patch shape of core area is most complex, experimental area is more regular. The patch density of core area is smallest, next is the experimental area. The patch density of buffer area is biggest, the number of landscape types have main influence on the of function area. core area has least landscape types, and has smallest diversity index; experimental area has most landscape types and smallest diversity index. The buffer area has the highest dominant index and the lowest eveness index.
The landscape pattern dynamic analysis of fuction areas indicated that: the number of landscape types in 2004 core area is less then in 1990 and 1999. As a whole, the change of core area average scale is firstly increase and then reduce,while the experimental area continuously reduces. Regardless of core area or experimental area, patch density and edge density are increasing in all year by year, but experimental change is more. The diversity of experimental area is higher than core area, The diversity of core area and experimental area in 2004 are lower than other years. From the eveness index, core area in 2004 is highest, experimental area is highest in 1999 and lowest in 2004, which show the heterogeneity of core area is lowest, the experimental area is highest.
It is clear about the protection principle and the goal on the overall plan in 2000 of Pangquangou nature reserve. The overall plan in 2000 made an adjust on fuction area distribution, which are core area, buffer area and experimental area. The change is reasonable, the science. Moreover, based on 2000 overall plan's shortcoming, this article put forward the proposal from the forest road landscape and the eco-tourism developed.
论文结合三期遥感数据,对庞泉沟地区的森林景观空间格局及其动态变化过程进行了分析,结果表明,有林地是庞泉沟地区景观的基质,在控制景观整体结构、功能和动态过程中起着主导作用。有林地斑块平均规模逐步扩大,斑块形状逐步趋于复杂,但景观整体的多样性有所下降,均匀度指数也处于低水平,说明景观中的优势类型(华北落叶松林和云杉林)逐渐加强其优势地位,从而使景观总体的异质性有所下降。
保护区划分了三个功能区,即核心区、缓冲区和实验区。核心区斑块平均规模最大,景观类型最少;实验区包括了保护区所有的景观要素类型,面积最大,斑块数最多。核心区景观类型的形状最复杂,实验区斑块形状规则。核心区的斑块密度最小,其次是实验区。缓冲区斑块密度最大,功能区的景观多样性指数受景观类型数影响较大,核心区的景观类型最少,多样性指数最小;实验区的景观类型最多,多样性指数最大。缓冲区具有最高的优势度和最低的均匀度值。
功能区景观格局动态分析表明:2004年的核心区的景观类型少于1990和1999年的,总体上核心区斑块平均规模变化是先增大都减小,实验区的斑块平均规模一直减小。无论核心区还是实验区,总体的斑块密度和边缘密度都在逐年增加,实验区的变化幅度较大。实验区的多样性高于核心区,2004年的核心区和实验区的多样性均低于其他年份。从均匀度数据来看,核心区2004年最高,实验区2004年最低,说明核心区2004年的异质性最低,实验区2004年的异质性最高。
庞泉沟自然保护区2000年的总体规划明确了保护原则和目标,将保护区功能区区划调整为核心区、缓冲区和实验区,这个更改是合理、科学的。另外,基于2000年总体规划的不足,本文从林道景观和生态旅游开发两个方面提出了建议。
With 2004 SPOT5, 1999 Landsat7ETM+, 1990the Landsat5TM satellites images data, based on the geographic information system (GIS) and the remote sensing (RS), we analyzed the current situation and dynamic of forest landscape carries on the analysis using the landscape pattern index to Pang Quangou. Then its results will put forward proposal to forest landscape plan, for improving the landscape quality and the management level.
With the data of three courses of RS, the paper conducted analysis to the forest landscape distribution and the dynamic process of the Pangquangou area, which concluded that the forested land as matrix of the Pangquangou area plays the dominant role in controlling the landscape general structure, functions and the dynamic processes. The results of the dynamic analysis indicate that with the expansion of the average scale of the forested land patch, the form of the patch turns to be more complicated, the landscape diversity declined, and the eveness index tended to be at the low level,explaining that the dominant types of the landscape (Larix principis-rupprechtii forest and the spruce forest) gradually strengthened its dominant positions to make the general landscape variation level lower.
The Reserve has divided three function areas, namely core, buffer and experimental area. Core area has largest average scale, least landscape types; experimental area has all types in reserve, and its area biggest, the patch number is largest. The patch shape of core area is most complex, experimental area is more regular. The patch density of core area is smallest, next is the experimental area. The patch density of buffer area is biggest, the number of landscape types have main influence on the of function area. core area has least landscape types, and has smallest diversity index; experimental area has most landscape types and smallest diversity index. The buffer area has the highest dominant index and the lowest eveness index.
The landscape pattern dynamic analysis of fuction areas indicated that: the number of landscape types in 2004 core area is less then in 1990 and 1999. As a whole, the change of core area average scale is firstly increase and then reduce,while the experimental area continuously reduces. Regardless of core area or experimental area, patch density and edge density are increasing in all year by year, but experimental change is more. The diversity of experimental area is higher than core area, The diversity of core area and experimental area in 2004 are lower than other years. From the eveness index, core area in 2004 is highest, experimental area is highest in 1999 and lowest in 2004, which show the heterogeneity of core area is lowest, the experimental area is highest.
It is clear about the protection principle and the goal on the overall plan in 2000 of Pangquangou nature reserve. The overall plan in 2000 made an adjust on fuction area distribution, which are core area, buffer area and experimental area. The change is reasonable, the science. Moreover, based on 2000 overall plan's shortcoming, this article put forward the proposal from the forest road landscape and the eco-tourism developed.
引文
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