LNG储罐壳体抗风与抗震力学性能研究
|
摘要
液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,以下简称LNG)具有便于运输和储存、使用安全的特点,在过去的几十年中,世界LNG消费量大幅度增加,各国均将液化天然气作为一种低排放的清洁燃料加以推广。LNG储罐是存储、使用LNG过程中所用到的重要设备。目前国外对LNG储罐已有不少研究成果并且很多成果已应用到工程实际中,但是针对LNG储罐的抗风和抗震研究相对欠缺,结构设计人员也迫切需要了解LNG储罐在承受各种动力荷载内力及变性规律。因此,开展LNG储罐的抗风和抗震的力学性能研究具有重要的意义。
本文的主要研究工作集中于两种LNG储罐的自振特性、风致屈曲和地震响应分析。主要内容包括:
1.LNG储罐有限元模型的建立
采用有限元软件ANSYS建立有限元模型,利用ANSYS单元库中提供的Shell63、Shell91单元分别建立混凝土LNG储罐模型和夹心LNG储罐模型,并通过模型的振动特性验证其合理性,验证标准为本文建立的Solid45有限元模型。
2.LNG储罐的自振特性
建立两种LNG储罐空罐状态下的全罐、半罐、1/4罐模型,分别对其进行模态分析,得到六种有限元模型的各阶频率和振型,分析两种简化的有限元模型同整体模型的异同。
3.LNG储罐风致屈曲分析
比较国内外几种圆柱形结构物的周向及竖向风压分布,并提出适合本文的风压分布形式。将上述风压以面荷载的形式施加到储罐上,得到两种LNG储罐的临界屈曲风速。
4.LNG储罐地震响应分析
按照我国《建筑抗震设计规范》要求,选取三种地震波对两种储罐进行单向水平地震波作用下的响应分析,记录储罐特殊位置点的时程曲线,得到LNG储罐在三种地震波作用下的位移、加速度、应力分布规律。
Liquefied Natural Gas (hereinafter referred to as LNG) has the features of convenient transport and storage, safety use. In the past few decades, the world LNG consumption has a substantial increase, all countries put LNG as a clean fuel with low emissions to promote them. LNG tank is the important equipment in storage, use of LNG tank.There has been a lot of research results abroad and many of them have been applied to engineering practice, but lack of wind and seismic studies for the LNG tank. Structural designers also have an urgent need for internal force and deformation law of LNG tanks under a variety of dynamic loads.Therefore, shoud have an in-depth study of LNG tank resist wind and seismic.
This study focused on vibration characteristics, wind-induced buckling and seismic response analysis about two kinds of LNG tanks. The main contents include:
1. Verfication for element model of LNG tank
Using finite element software ANSYS creat finite element model, in which shell63, shell91 element models provided by ANSYS cell libraries were used to creat concrete LNG tank and sandwich LNG tank model. Verifing its legitimacy through the vibration characteristics of the model, based on the results of Solid45 finite element model provided by ANSYS.
2. The vibration characteristics of LNG tank
Creating the whole tank, half tank, 1 / 4 tank model of empty state of two types of LNG tanks, first sixth orders of natural frequency and vibration mode are obtained through mode analysis for finite element model.Analysis the similarities and differences of two simplified finite element model with the whole tank model.
3. Wind-induced buckling analysis of LNG tank
Comparison of several circumferential and vertical wind pressure distribution of cylindrical structures abroad to propose suitable form of wind pressure distribution for this article, and put this wind pressure in the form of surface loads applied to the storage tank, to get critical buckling velocity of this two kinds LNG tank.
4. Seismic response analysis of LNG tank
According to requirements of Chinese "code of building seismic design", analyze this two kinds of tanks of unidirectional level seismic response analysis under the action of selected three kinds of seismic waves, recording the time-history curve for special points of LNG tank. Obtaining LNG tank’s displacement, acceleration, stress distribution law under the action of selected three kinds of seismic waves.
本文的主要研究工作集中于两种LNG储罐的自振特性、风致屈曲和地震响应分析。主要内容包括:
1.LNG储罐有限元模型的建立
采用有限元软件ANSYS建立有限元模型,利用ANSYS单元库中提供的Shell63、Shell91单元分别建立混凝土LNG储罐模型和夹心LNG储罐模型,并通过模型的振动特性验证其合理性,验证标准为本文建立的Solid45有限元模型。
2.LNG储罐的自振特性
建立两种LNG储罐空罐状态下的全罐、半罐、1/4罐模型,分别对其进行模态分析,得到六种有限元模型的各阶频率和振型,分析两种简化的有限元模型同整体模型的异同。
3.LNG储罐风致屈曲分析
比较国内外几种圆柱形结构物的周向及竖向风压分布,并提出适合本文的风压分布形式。将上述风压以面荷载的形式施加到储罐上,得到两种LNG储罐的临界屈曲风速。
4.LNG储罐地震响应分析
按照我国《建筑抗震设计规范》要求,选取三种地震波对两种储罐进行单向水平地震波作用下的响应分析,记录储罐特殊位置点的时程曲线,得到LNG储罐在三种地震波作用下的位移、加速度、应力分布规律。
Liquefied Natural Gas (hereinafter referred to as LNG) has the features of convenient transport and storage, safety use. In the past few decades, the world LNG consumption has a substantial increase, all countries put LNG as a clean fuel with low emissions to promote them. LNG tank is the important equipment in storage, use of LNG tank.There has been a lot of research results abroad and many of them have been applied to engineering practice, but lack of wind and seismic studies for the LNG tank. Structural designers also have an urgent need for internal force and deformation law of LNG tanks under a variety of dynamic loads.Therefore, shoud have an in-depth study of LNG tank resist wind and seismic.
This study focused on vibration characteristics, wind-induced buckling and seismic response analysis about two kinds of LNG tanks. The main contents include:
1. Verfication for element model of LNG tank
Using finite element software ANSYS creat finite element model, in which shell63, shell91 element models provided by ANSYS cell libraries were used to creat concrete LNG tank and sandwich LNG tank model. Verifing its legitimacy through the vibration characteristics of the model, based on the results of Solid45 finite element model provided by ANSYS.
2. The vibration characteristics of LNG tank
Creating the whole tank, half tank, 1 / 4 tank model of empty state of two types of LNG tanks, first sixth orders of natural frequency and vibration mode are obtained through mode analysis for finite element model.Analysis the similarities and differences of two simplified finite element model with the whole tank model.
3. Wind-induced buckling analysis of LNG tank
Comparison of several circumferential and vertical wind pressure distribution of cylindrical structures abroad to propose suitable form of wind pressure distribution for this article, and put this wind pressure in the form of surface loads applied to the storage tank, to get critical buckling velocity of this two kinds LNG tank.
4. Seismic response analysis of LNG tank
According to requirements of Chinese "code of building seismic design", analyze this two kinds of tanks of unidirectional level seismic response analysis under the action of selected three kinds of seismic waves, recording the time-history curve for special points of LNG tank. Obtaining LNG tank’s displacement, acceleration, stress distribution law under the action of selected three kinds of seismic waves.
引文
[1] Design and construction aspects of post-tensioned LNG storage tanks in Europe and Australasia[J].出处不详.
[2]马德萍.隔震LNG储罐的地震反应分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2007
[3]黄莉.大型LNG储罐空间气象模拟研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2006
[4]张斌.预应力LNG储罐混凝土外墙地震响应分析[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009.
[5]马昌恒.基于小波分析的风场模拟及大型储罐风致屈曲初步研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2007.
[6]贾庆山.大型油罐基础的设计选型[J].石油工程建设,2001,(1),1~4.
[7]贾庆山.大型油罐地基处理[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1993.
[8]陈政清.桥梁风工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[9] Flores F G, Godoy L A. Buckling of short tanks due to hurricanes[J]. Engineering Structures, 1997, 20(8): 752~760
[10]Luis A, Godoy L A, Genock Portela. A Review of Wind-Tunnel Results of Pressures on Tank Models[J].出处不详.
[11]吕英华.大型石油储罐应力与基础沉降分析[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2008.
[12]崔利富.立式储罐三维基础隔震体系动力响应分析研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2008.
[13]GB5011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[14]孙建刚,周利剑.有限单元法[M].
[15]张朝晖. ANSYS11.0结构分析工程应用实例解析[M].机械工业出版社,2007.
[16]王伟玲.大型LNG预应力储罐静力荷载作用下受力性能研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009.
[17]石建军,吴东辉,迟波. Shell91单元在复合材料蜂窝夹层结构分析中的应用[J].纤维复合材料, 2006, 9 (3):40~42.
[18]R.克拉夫,J.彭津.结构动力学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
[19]康希良,赵鸿铁.钢管混凝土套箍机理及组合弹性模量的理论分析[J].工程力学,2007,24(11):121~125
[20]黄本才.结构抗风分析原理及应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2001.
[21]张相庭.结构风工程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[22]GB 50009—2001,建筑结构荷载规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[23]刘文洋.网架结构简化分析及球面网壳抗风数值模拟[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2006.
[24]王修琼,崔剑峰. Davenport谱中系数K的计算公式及其工程应用[J].同济大学学报,2002,30(7):849~852.
[25]Greiner R, Derler P. Effect of imperfections on wind-loaded cylindrical shell[J]. Thin-Walled Structure, 1995 (23): 271~281.
[26]Colin H. Hansen,Anthony C. Zander. Investigation of passive control devicesfor potential application to a launchvehicle structure to reduce the interiornoise levels during launch[R]. Passive Control Devices,2001
[27]Pricher M. Medium-length thin-walled cylinder under wind loading-case study[J]. Journal of Structure Engineering, 2004 (130): 2062~2069.
[28]Byun C, Kapania R K. Nonlinear transient response of imperfect hyperbolic shells using a reduced method[J]. Computer & Structure, 1992 (44), 255~262.
[29]Spanos P D, Zeldin B A. Monte Carlo treatment of random fields: Abroad perspective[J]. Appl Mech Rev, 1998, 51(3): 219~237.
[30]Zeldin B A, Spanos P D. Random field representation and synthesis using wavelet bases[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1996, 63(12): 946～952.
[31]GB 50341—2003,立式圆筒形钢制焊接油罐设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2003.
[32]北京金山软件土木软件技术有限公司. SAP2000中文版使用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[33]K. J. Bathe著.傅子智译.工程分析中的有限元法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1991.
[34]计静.地震作用下单层钢框架动力稳定性研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2004.
[35]周利剑.水平地震激励下立式储罐与地基相互作用动力响应分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[36]计静.套建增层预应力钢骨混凝土框架抗震性能与设计方法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008.
[37]郑广智.论战争与石油[J].前沿,2005,(6):43~46.
[38]马小军,惠春琳.美国全球能源战略控制态势评估[J].现代国际关系,2004,(1):38~46.
[39]武铜柱.大型立式储罐发展综述[J].石油化工设备技术,2004,25(3):56~59.
[40]刘荣华.第四次石油危机不会爆发[J].金台银街,2006,( 31): 38~39.
[41]潘家华,郭光臣,高锡祺.油罐及管道强度设计[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1986.
[42]GB 50341—2003,立式圆筒形钢制焊接油罐设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2003.
[43]温德超,郑兆昌,孙焕纯.储液罐抗震研究的发展[J].力学进展,1995,25(1):60~76.
[44]路明,安晓卫.大型储油罐动力模态分析[J].沈阳:沈阳工业学院学报,2002,(19)3.
[45]Luis A, Godoy L A, Genock Portela, et al. Damage due to buckling in above ground storage tanks[J].出处不详.
[46]Wang Y, Billington D P. Buckling of cylindrical shells by wind pressures[J]. Engng Mech. Div. ASCE 1974, 100, 1005~1023.
[47]Johns D J. Wind-induced static instability of cylindrical shells[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1982 (13): 261~270.
[48]Uematsu Y, Uchiyama K. Deflection and buckling behavior of thin, circular cylindrical shells under wind loads[J]. Journal of wind engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1985 (18): 245~261.
[49]Portela G, Godoy L A. Wind pressure and buckling of cylindrical steel tanks with a dome roof[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel and Research, 2005 (61), 808~824.
[50]Luis A. Godoy L A. Imperfection sensitivity to elastic buckling of wind loaded open cylindrical tanks[J]. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 2002 (13), 1~10.
[51]Schmidt H, Binder B, Lange H. Postbucking strength design of open thin-walled cylindrical tanks under wind load[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 1998 (31), 203~220.
[52]中国科学院力学研究所板壳组.浮顶油罐的强度和稳定性的计算公式[J].力学与实践,1982,(2):36~42.
[53]李宏斌.超大型油罐抗风结构的合理设计[J].石油化工设备技术,2004,25(3):56~59.
[54]孙建刚.立式储罐地震响应控制研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2002.
[55]盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[56]邓建中,刘之行.计算方法(第二版)[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001.
[57]王旭,黄鹏,顾明.半球形屋面结构风荷载特性试验研究[J].中国工程机械学报,2009,7(3):351~355.
[58]张志涌.精通MATLAB6.5版[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[59]宫克勤,刘扬,孙建刚.储罐动力模态ANSYS有限元分析[J].油气田地面工程,2004,23(10):18~19.
[60]崔怡. MATLAB5.3实例详解[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2000.
[61]建筑结构构造资料集编委会.建筑结构构造资料集[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990.
[62]刘迎春.单层钢框架动力稳定性与防倒塌设计理论研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2005.
[63]周岱,舒新玲.单层球面网壳结构的风振及其参数分析[J].空间结构,2003,9(3):6~12.
[64]ANSYS programmer’s manual[M], ANSYS Inc, 1998.
[65]博弈创作室. APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[66]飞思科技产品研发中心. MATLAB7.0基础与提高[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[67]GB50128—2005,立式圆筒形钢制焊接储罐施工及验收规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2006.
[68]桂国庆,林智斌.单层网壳的动力稳定[J].南昌大学学报,2003,25(1):43~47.
[2]马德萍.隔震LNG储罐的地震反应分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2007
[3]黄莉.大型LNG储罐空间气象模拟研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2006
[4]张斌.预应力LNG储罐混凝土外墙地震响应分析[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009.
[5]马昌恒.基于小波分析的风场模拟及大型储罐风致屈曲初步研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2007.
[6]贾庆山.大型油罐基础的设计选型[J].石油工程建设,2001,(1),1~4.
[7]贾庆山.大型油罐地基处理[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1993.
[8]陈政清.桥梁风工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[9] Flores F G, Godoy L A. Buckling of short tanks due to hurricanes[J]. Engineering Structures, 1997, 20(8): 752~760
[10]Luis A, Godoy L A, Genock Portela. A Review of Wind-Tunnel Results of Pressures on Tank Models[J].出处不详.
[11]吕英华.大型石油储罐应力与基础沉降分析[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2008.
[12]崔利富.立式储罐三维基础隔震体系动力响应分析研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2008.
[13]GB5011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[14]孙建刚,周利剑.有限单元法[M].
[15]张朝晖. ANSYS11.0结构分析工程应用实例解析[M].机械工业出版社,2007.
[16]王伟玲.大型LNG预应力储罐静力荷载作用下受力性能研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009.
[17]石建军,吴东辉,迟波. Shell91单元在复合材料蜂窝夹层结构分析中的应用[J].纤维复合材料, 2006, 9 (3):40~42.
[18]R.克拉夫,J.彭津.结构动力学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
[19]康希良,赵鸿铁.钢管混凝土套箍机理及组合弹性模量的理论分析[J].工程力学,2007,24(11):121~125
[20]黄本才.结构抗风分析原理及应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2001.
[21]张相庭.结构风工程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[22]GB 50009—2001,建筑结构荷载规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[23]刘文洋.网架结构简化分析及球面网壳抗风数值模拟[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2006.
[24]王修琼,崔剑峰. Davenport谱中系数K的计算公式及其工程应用[J].同济大学学报,2002,30(7):849~852.
[25]Greiner R, Derler P. Effect of imperfections on wind-loaded cylindrical shell[J]. Thin-Walled Structure, 1995 (23): 271~281.
[26]Colin H. Hansen,Anthony C. Zander. Investigation of passive control devicesfor potential application to a launchvehicle structure to reduce the interiornoise levels during launch[R]. Passive Control Devices,2001
[27]Pricher M. Medium-length thin-walled cylinder under wind loading-case study[J]. Journal of Structure Engineering, 2004 (130): 2062~2069.
[28]Byun C, Kapania R K. Nonlinear transient response of imperfect hyperbolic shells using a reduced method[J]. Computer & Structure, 1992 (44), 255~262.
[29]Spanos P D, Zeldin B A. Monte Carlo treatment of random fields: Abroad perspective[J]. Appl Mech Rev, 1998, 51(3): 219~237.
[30]Zeldin B A, Spanos P D. Random field representation and synthesis using wavelet bases[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1996, 63(12): 946～952.
[31]GB 50341—2003,立式圆筒形钢制焊接油罐设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2003.
[32]北京金山软件土木软件技术有限公司. SAP2000中文版使用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[33]K. J. Bathe著.傅子智译.工程分析中的有限元法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1991.
[34]计静.地震作用下单层钢框架动力稳定性研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2004.
[35]周利剑.水平地震激励下立式储罐与地基相互作用动力响应分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[36]计静.套建增层预应力钢骨混凝土框架抗震性能与设计方法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008.
[37]郑广智.论战争与石油[J].前沿,2005,(6):43~46.
[38]马小军,惠春琳.美国全球能源战略控制态势评估[J].现代国际关系,2004,(1):38~46.
[39]武铜柱.大型立式储罐发展综述[J].石油化工设备技术,2004,25(3):56~59.
[40]刘荣华.第四次石油危机不会爆发[J].金台银街,2006,( 31): 38~39.
[41]潘家华,郭光臣,高锡祺.油罐及管道强度设计[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1986.
[42]GB 50341—2003,立式圆筒形钢制焊接油罐设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2003.
[43]温德超,郑兆昌,孙焕纯.储液罐抗震研究的发展[J].力学进展,1995,25(1):60~76.
[44]路明,安晓卫.大型储油罐动力模态分析[J].沈阳:沈阳工业学院学报,2002,(19)3.
[45]Luis A, Godoy L A, Genock Portela, et al. Damage due to buckling in above ground storage tanks[J].出处不详.
[46]Wang Y, Billington D P. Buckling of cylindrical shells by wind pressures[J]. Engng Mech. Div. ASCE 1974, 100, 1005~1023.
[47]Johns D J. Wind-induced static instability of cylindrical shells[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1982 (13): 261~270.
[48]Uematsu Y, Uchiyama K. Deflection and buckling behavior of thin, circular cylindrical shells under wind loads[J]. Journal of wind engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1985 (18): 245~261.
[49]Portela G, Godoy L A. Wind pressure and buckling of cylindrical steel tanks with a dome roof[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel and Research, 2005 (61), 808~824.
[50]Luis A. Godoy L A. Imperfection sensitivity to elastic buckling of wind loaded open cylindrical tanks[J]. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 2002 (13), 1~10.
[51]Schmidt H, Binder B, Lange H. Postbucking strength design of open thin-walled cylindrical tanks under wind load[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 1998 (31), 203~220.
[52]中国科学院力学研究所板壳组.浮顶油罐的强度和稳定性的计算公式[J].力学与实践,1982,(2):36~42.
[53]李宏斌.超大型油罐抗风结构的合理设计[J].石油化工设备技术,2004,25(3):56~59.
[54]孙建刚.立式储罐地震响应控制研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2002.
[55]盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[56]邓建中,刘之行.计算方法(第二版)[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001.
[57]王旭,黄鹏,顾明.半球形屋面结构风荷载特性试验研究[J].中国工程机械学报,2009,7(3):351~355.
[58]张志涌.精通MATLAB6.5版[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[59]宫克勤,刘扬,孙建刚.储罐动力模态ANSYS有限元分析[J].油气田地面工程,2004,23(10):18~19.
[60]崔怡. MATLAB5.3实例详解[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2000.
[61]建筑结构构造资料集编委会.建筑结构构造资料集[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990.
[62]刘迎春.单层钢框架动力稳定性与防倒塌设计理论研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2005.
[63]周岱,舒新玲.单层球面网壳结构的风振及其参数分析[J].空间结构,2003,9(3):6~12.
[64]ANSYS programmer’s manual[M], ANSYS Inc, 1998.
[65]博弈创作室. APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[66]飞思科技产品研发中心. MATLAB7.0基础与提高[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[67]GB50128—2005,立式圆筒形钢制焊接储罐施工及验收规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2006.
[68]桂国庆,林智斌.单层网壳的动力稳定[J].南昌大学学报,2003,25(1):43~47.