多窗口光纤激光告警系统的设计与实现
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摘要
随着激光越来越广泛的应用,激光测距与激光告警已是激光应用中不可或缺的方向之一。通过及时准确地对复杂战场环境中来袭激光进行探测,确定其入射方向,发出检出信号并采取相应措施具有重要意义。本文在分析了目前所有激光告警系统的探测原理的基础上,结合项目要求实现的技术指标,提出了多窗口光纤激光告警系统。
首先,论文分析了激光告警技术的基本原理,根据设计要求,在比较了各种类型激光告警系统的特点的基础上,采用大数值孔径锥形传能光纤设计了多窗口光纤激光告警系统。详细的分析了多窗口光纤激光告警系统的设计,并根据设计对其性能进行了计算、仿真及实验。
论证了采用大数值孔径传能光纤及锥形光纤头设计增加单个光学探头视场的设计方案。设计了光纤、光电探测器、整体结构的连接方式及入射激光识别算法,完成了多窗口采集方案、光纤光学探头、响应电路及识别算法。
在实验室模拟技术指标中要求探测的脉冲激光,从激光能量、入射方向、视场划分等多个方面反复实验,验证了方案的可行性。最后,在户外进行激光测距系统实际脉冲激光探测实验,得出该系统对850nm、1064nm、1650nm脉冲激光(脉宽10ns)可有效探测,角度分辨率水平30°,俯仰30°。
With the application of laser widely, laser detection and laser detection is essential for laser application technology. Through timely and accurate detection of the incoming laser on the complex environment, the system determines the direction of the incoming laser, issues laser signals, takes appropriate measures, and it is important. Based on the analysis of the current all detection principle of laser detection system, combination of project requirements to achieve the technical indicators, the paper proposed a multi-window fiber laser detection system.
First, the paper analyzed the basic principles of laser detection technology, according to technical specifications requirements, comparing the characteristics of various types of laser detection system, designed the multi-window fiber laser detection system with large Numerical Aperture (N.A.) energy transfer optical fiber taper. Analyzed the design of the multi-window fiber laser detection system in detail, and its performance calculation, simulation and experimental under the design.
The paper demonstrated the design plan of using large Numerical Aperture (N.A.) energy transfer tapered optical fiber to increase the Field of View (FOV). Design the connections of optical fiber, optical detectors and the overall structure, and the recognition algorithm of the incoming laser, completed the plan of the multi-window acquisition and fiber probe, designed response circuit and the recognition algorithm.
Simulation of pulsed laser in the laboratory, experiment the aspects of the laser energy, incident direction, the field division for testing the feasibility of the program. Finally, the actual outdoor laser detection experiments with laser rangefinder, the system can be effective detection the pulsed laser of 850nm, 1064nm, 1650nm (pulse width 10ns), angle resolution level of 30°, vertical 30°.
首先,论文分析了激光告警技术的基本原理,根据设计要求,在比较了各种类型激光告警系统的特点的基础上,采用大数值孔径锥形传能光纤设计了多窗口光纤激光告警系统。详细的分析了多窗口光纤激光告警系统的设计,并根据设计对其性能进行了计算、仿真及实验。
论证了采用大数值孔径传能光纤及锥形光纤头设计增加单个光学探头视场的设计方案。设计了光纤、光电探测器、整体结构的连接方式及入射激光识别算法,完成了多窗口采集方案、光纤光学探头、响应电路及识别算法。
在实验室模拟技术指标中要求探测的脉冲激光,从激光能量、入射方向、视场划分等多个方面反复实验,验证了方案的可行性。最后,在户外进行激光测距系统实际脉冲激光探测实验,得出该系统对850nm、1064nm、1650nm脉冲激光(脉宽10ns)可有效探测,角度分辨率水平30°,俯仰30°。
With the application of laser widely, laser detection and laser detection is essential for laser application technology. Through timely and accurate detection of the incoming laser on the complex environment, the system determines the direction of the incoming laser, issues laser signals, takes appropriate measures, and it is important. Based on the analysis of the current all detection principle of laser detection system, combination of project requirements to achieve the technical indicators, the paper proposed a multi-window fiber laser detection system.
First, the paper analyzed the basic principles of laser detection technology, according to technical specifications requirements, comparing the characteristics of various types of laser detection system, designed the multi-window fiber laser detection system with large Numerical Aperture (N.A.) energy transfer optical fiber taper. Analyzed the design of the multi-window fiber laser detection system in detail, and its performance calculation, simulation and experimental under the design.
The paper demonstrated the design plan of using large Numerical Aperture (N.A.) energy transfer tapered optical fiber to increase the Field of View (FOV). Design the connections of optical fiber, optical detectors and the overall structure, and the recognition algorithm of the incoming laser, completed the plan of the multi-window acquisition and fiber probe, designed response circuit and the recognition algorithm.
Simulation of pulsed laser in the laboratory, experiment the aspects of the laser energy, incident direction, the field division for testing the feasibility of the program. Finally, the actual outdoor laser detection experiments with laser rangefinder, the system can be effective detection the pulsed laser of 850nm, 1064nm, 1650nm (pulse width 10ns), angle resolution level of 30°, vertical 30°.
引文
[1]张锦.国外激光威胁探测器发展现状及评价[J].激光与红外. 2008, 38.4: 307-314.
[2]柴源.激光探测信号接收与处理方法研究[J].硕士学位论文.长春:长春理工大学, 2008.
[3]李强.光电探测技术的发展分析[J].舰船电子工程. 2007, 27.6: 43-46.
[4]姚龙海,叶庆.光电探测器阵列型激光探测系统信号分选与码型识别算法的设计[J].光学与光电技术. 2007, 5.6: 63-65.
[5] T.H.Barnes, Photodiode array Fourier transform spectrometer with improved dynamics range[J], Applied Optics. 1985, 24.22: 24-28.
[6]刘智超,张记龙,阎鹤,等.一种投影式激光方向测量方法[J].光学学报, 2008, 28(8): 1518-1522.
[7] Adam D. Devir. Fast Multi Channel Radiometer for Diagnosing Munitions Flashes[J]. Infrared Technology and Applications. 2008, 69.40: 1-5.
[8] K. Miyajima, H. Sawada, M. Ashida, T. Itoh. Infrared Transient Absorption Spectra of Excitons and Biexcitons Confined in CuCl Quantum Dots[J]. OSA/QELS. 2006, 3.5: 35-37.
[9] EPA. Measurement and Monitoring Technologies for the 21st Century[J/OL]. http://clu-in.org/ programs/21m2/ openpath/uv-doas,2007-11-14.
[10] Barney Hammond, Mirela Popa. Overview of The Joint Services Lightweight Standoff Chemical Agents Detector (JSLSCAD)[J]. SPIE, 2005, Vol.5795: 87-96.
[11] Dennis R. Suhre,et al. Imaging Spectroradiometer for the 8-12 mm Region with a 3 cm Passband Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter[J]. Applied Optic. 1998, vol.37: 2340-2345.
[12] Yves Guern, Laurence Grenier,Francois Carpentier. Uncooled IRFPA for low-cost multispectral/hyperspectral LWIR imaging device Algorithms and technology for multispectral[J]. Hyperspectral and Ultraspectral Imagery Proceeding of SPIE. 2003, Vol.5093: 126-135.
[13]何武光,吴健,王仕璠.激光探测探测光学系统设计[J].光电工程. 2006, 33.7:48-51.
[14] Ronald Highland,et al. Laser Long-Range Remote Sensing Program Experimental Results[J]. SPIE Proceedings. 2005, vol.2508: 30-37.
[15] Philippe Lagueux, Martin Chamberlanda, Frédérick Marcotte. Design and Development of a Cryogenic Michelson Interferometer[J]. SPIE. 2006, 62: 1-5.
[16]李晓,张记龙,薛尚峰,田二明,张悦,王志斌.基于马赫-泽德干涉具的激光光谱探测技术研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析. 2009, 29.1: 62-65.
[17] Andre Delage, Pavel Cheben, Miroslaw Florjanezyk,. Static Fourier-Transform Waveguide Spectrometers[J]. ICTON. 2009, 26.5: 1-3.
[18]宁天夫.激光侦察探测技术的装备概况与发展[J].红外与激光工程. 2008, 37: 327-329.
[19]姜玲珍.利用光栅实时测量激光波长的方法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报. 1994, 26.5: 16-20.
[20]郑博仁,张欣.数字激光探测系统探测接收前端设计[J].现代电子技术. 2009, 4: 175-177.
[21] Davis, M.A.; Kersey, A.D, Application of a fiber Fourier transform spectrometer to the detection of wavelength-encoded signals from Bragg grating sensors, Journal of Light-wave Technology. 1995, 1.7: 1289–1295.
[22]赵涛,刘铭,王璐.国外激光探测技术的设备与发展[J].舰船电子工程. 2009, 29.2: 27-30.
[23]张记龙,王明,田二明,等.激光探测接收系统灵敏度和信噪比分析及实验验证[J].光谱学与光谱分析. 2009, 29.1: 20-24.
[24]石岚,王宏.美军激光探测技术与装备发展分析[J].红外与激光工程. 2008, 37: 336-338.
[25] Zhang Jilong,Tian Erming,Wang Zhibin. Research on Laser Warning Receiver Based on Sinusoidal Transmission Grating and High Speed DSPs[C].WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on CIRCUITS and SYSTEMS.2006, 5.8: 1366-1371.
[26]应家驹,王永仲,何永强,等.全向激光探测系统中激光光斑精确定位方法[J].电光与控制. 2009, 16.12: 53-56.
[27] V.A. Manasson, L.S.Sadovnik,et.al, Laser warning receiver Based on discrimination[J]. IEEE, 1996, &CH 35934. 869-873.
[28] P.J PPOX,R.E.Scholten, A reliable, compact, and low-cost Michelson wavemeter for laser wavelength measurement[J]. Am J Phys. 1999, 67.7: 19-24.
[29] Webb P, Soltesz S. Improved miniaturized HARLID/up TM/ for laser warning systems having high angular resolution[J]. Proceedings of the SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering Conference. 2001, 4369: 194-200.
[30]郭豪,马娜,王敏,等.法布里-珀罗型探测器激光入射角度的测量方法分析[J].激光与红外. 2008, 38.3: 280-282.
[31] Cantin A, Dubois J. Development of a miniaturized digital high angular resolution laser irradiation detector(harlid) and its integration in a laser warning receiver[J]. Plenum Press. 1997, 6: 411-16
[32] V.A Manasson, Jack H.Parker, laser warning receiver based on coherence discrimination[J]. IEEE. 1996, 35: 1524-1526.
[33] S.Santran. Laser-warning device for military vehicles[P].美国: US.4721 852, 1999..
[34] Dan Komisarek. Karl Reichard, Dan Merdes,et al. High-performance non- scanning Fourier-transform spectrometer that uses a Wollaston prism array[J]. APPLIED OPTICS,2004,43.20: 3983-3987.
[35] E V Ivanov. Static Fourier transform spectroscopy with enhanced resolving power[J]. Applied Optics. 2000,Vol.2:519-528.
[36] Daniel Phillip Komisarek. A non-scanning Fourier Transform Spectrometer Utilizing a Wollaston Prism Array[D].USA: Elsevier, 2003.
[37]刘智超,张记龙,王志斌,等.静态傅里叶变换干涉具在大视场探测中的应用研究[J].光子学报. 2010, 38.11: 2839-2843.
[38] Daniel Phillip Komisarek. A non-scanning Fourier Transform Spectrometer Utilizing a Wollaston Prism Array[D].USA: Elsevier, 2003.
[39]田二明,张记龙,李晓,等.激光探测系统中小型静态傅里叶变换光谱仪的研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析. 2009, 29.3: 853-857.
[40]蒲凯.光纤阵列激光探测系统的信号处理模块的研究与实现[D].硕士学位论文.西安:电子科技大学, 2009.
[41] Michael E. Webber, Michael Pushkarsky. Optical detection of chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals: Simulation[J]. Journal of Applied Physics. 2005, Vol.113101: 1-11.
[42]陈爱武,李晓,薛尚峰,等.激光探测接收系统中多模光纤天线出射激光空间相干性研究[J].中北大学学报(自然科学版) . 2008, 29.3: 276-279.
[43]刘智超,张记龙,李晓,等.基于偏振编码的激光探测系统光纤天线的研究[J].光电工程. 2010, 37.2: 60-64.
[44] M. Lennon, G. Mercier, M.C. Mouchot,et al. Spectral unmixing of hyperspectral images,with the Independent Component Analysis and wavelet packets[J]. IEEE. 2001,Vol.2:2896-2898.
[45] Michele Hinnrichs, James Jensen, Gerard Mc Anally. Hand held hyperspectral imager for standoff detection of chemical and biological aerosols[J]. SPIE. 2004, Vol.5268:67-78.
[46] Mark Dombrowski1, Martin Szczesniak,et al. Performance and Application of a Very High-Speed 2-12μm Ultraspectral FTIR Imager[J]. SPIE. 2006, Vol.6233: 1-7.
[47] Jerry Workman, JrArt Springsteen. Applied Spectroscopy[M]. ISBN 0-12-764070-3: 93-189.
[48] Polymicro公司.光纤光谱通过率参数:中国, 2009.
[49]武汉昱生公司.光电探测器特性曲线图:中国, 2009.
[50]武汉昱生公司.光电探测器主要参数:中国, 2009.
[2]柴源.激光探测信号接收与处理方法研究[J].硕士学位论文.长春:长春理工大学, 2008.
[3]李强.光电探测技术的发展分析[J].舰船电子工程. 2007, 27.6: 43-46.
[4]姚龙海,叶庆.光电探测器阵列型激光探测系统信号分选与码型识别算法的设计[J].光学与光电技术. 2007, 5.6: 63-65.
[5] T.H.Barnes, Photodiode array Fourier transform spectrometer with improved dynamics range[J], Applied Optics. 1985, 24.22: 24-28.
[6]刘智超,张记龙,阎鹤,等.一种投影式激光方向测量方法[J].光学学报, 2008, 28(8): 1518-1522.
[7] Adam D. Devir. Fast Multi Channel Radiometer for Diagnosing Munitions Flashes[J]. Infrared Technology and Applications. 2008, 69.40: 1-5.
[8] K. Miyajima, H. Sawada, M. Ashida, T. Itoh. Infrared Transient Absorption Spectra of Excitons and Biexcitons Confined in CuCl Quantum Dots[J]. OSA/QELS. 2006, 3.5: 35-37.
[9] EPA. Measurement and Monitoring Technologies for the 21st Century[J/OL]. http://clu-in.org/ programs/21m2/ openpath/uv-doas,2007-11-14.
[10] Barney Hammond, Mirela Popa. Overview of The Joint Services Lightweight Standoff Chemical Agents Detector (JSLSCAD)[J]. SPIE, 2005, Vol.5795: 87-96.
[11] Dennis R. Suhre,et al. Imaging Spectroradiometer for the 8-12 mm Region with a 3 cm Passband Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter[J]. Applied Optic. 1998, vol.37: 2340-2345.
[12] Yves Guern, Laurence Grenier,Francois Carpentier. Uncooled IRFPA for low-cost multispectral/hyperspectral LWIR imaging device Algorithms and technology for multispectral[J]. Hyperspectral and Ultraspectral Imagery Proceeding of SPIE. 2003, Vol.5093: 126-135.
[13]何武光,吴健,王仕璠.激光探测探测光学系统设计[J].光电工程. 2006, 33.7:48-51.
[14] Ronald Highland,et al. Laser Long-Range Remote Sensing Program Experimental Results[J]. SPIE Proceedings. 2005, vol.2508: 30-37.
[15] Philippe Lagueux, Martin Chamberlanda, Frédérick Marcotte. Design and Development of a Cryogenic Michelson Interferometer[J]. SPIE. 2006, 62: 1-5.
[16]李晓,张记龙,薛尚峰,田二明,张悦,王志斌.基于马赫-泽德干涉具的激光光谱探测技术研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析. 2009, 29.1: 62-65.
[17] Andre Delage, Pavel Cheben, Miroslaw Florjanezyk,. Static Fourier-Transform Waveguide Spectrometers[J]. ICTON. 2009, 26.5: 1-3.
[18]宁天夫.激光侦察探测技术的装备概况与发展[J].红外与激光工程. 2008, 37: 327-329.
[19]姜玲珍.利用光栅实时测量激光波长的方法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报. 1994, 26.5: 16-20.
[20]郑博仁,张欣.数字激光探测系统探测接收前端设计[J].现代电子技术. 2009, 4: 175-177.
[21] Davis, M.A.; Kersey, A.D, Application of a fiber Fourier transform spectrometer to the detection of wavelength-encoded signals from Bragg grating sensors, Journal of Light-wave Technology. 1995, 1.7: 1289–1295.
[22]赵涛,刘铭,王璐.国外激光探测技术的设备与发展[J].舰船电子工程. 2009, 29.2: 27-30.
[23]张记龙,王明,田二明,等.激光探测接收系统灵敏度和信噪比分析及实验验证[J].光谱学与光谱分析. 2009, 29.1: 20-24.
[24]石岚,王宏.美军激光探测技术与装备发展分析[J].红外与激光工程. 2008, 37: 336-338.
[25] Zhang Jilong,Tian Erming,Wang Zhibin. Research on Laser Warning Receiver Based on Sinusoidal Transmission Grating and High Speed DSPs[C].WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on CIRCUITS and SYSTEMS.2006, 5.8: 1366-1371.
[26]应家驹,王永仲,何永强,等.全向激光探测系统中激光光斑精确定位方法[J].电光与控制. 2009, 16.12: 53-56.
[27] V.A. Manasson, L.S.Sadovnik,et.al, Laser warning receiver Based on discrimination[J]. IEEE, 1996, &CH 35934. 869-873.
[28] P.J PPOX,R.E.Scholten, A reliable, compact, and low-cost Michelson wavemeter for laser wavelength measurement[J]. Am J Phys. 1999, 67.7: 19-24.
[29] Webb P, Soltesz S. Improved miniaturized HARLID/up TM/ for laser warning systems having high angular resolution[J]. Proceedings of the SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering Conference. 2001, 4369: 194-200.
[30]郭豪,马娜,王敏,等.法布里-珀罗型探测器激光入射角度的测量方法分析[J].激光与红外. 2008, 38.3: 280-282.
[31] Cantin A, Dubois J. Development of a miniaturized digital high angular resolution laser irradiation detector(harlid) and its integration in a laser warning receiver[J]. Plenum Press. 1997, 6: 411-16
[32] V.A Manasson, Jack H.Parker, laser warning receiver based on coherence discrimination[J]. IEEE. 1996, 35: 1524-1526.
[33] S.Santran. Laser-warning device for military vehicles[P].美国: US.4721 852, 1999..
[34] Dan Komisarek. Karl Reichard, Dan Merdes,et al. High-performance non- scanning Fourier-transform spectrometer that uses a Wollaston prism array[J]. APPLIED OPTICS,2004,43.20: 3983-3987.
[35] E V Ivanov. Static Fourier transform spectroscopy with enhanced resolving power[J]. Applied Optics. 2000,Vol.2:519-528.
[36] Daniel Phillip Komisarek. A non-scanning Fourier Transform Spectrometer Utilizing a Wollaston Prism Array[D].USA: Elsevier, 2003.
[37]刘智超,张记龙,王志斌,等.静态傅里叶变换干涉具在大视场探测中的应用研究[J].光子学报. 2010, 38.11: 2839-2843.
[38] Daniel Phillip Komisarek. A non-scanning Fourier Transform Spectrometer Utilizing a Wollaston Prism Array[D].USA: Elsevier, 2003.
[39]田二明,张记龙,李晓,等.激光探测系统中小型静态傅里叶变换光谱仪的研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析. 2009, 29.3: 853-857.
[40]蒲凯.光纤阵列激光探测系统的信号处理模块的研究与实现[D].硕士学位论文.西安:电子科技大学, 2009.
[41] Michael E. Webber, Michael Pushkarsky. Optical detection of chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals: Simulation[J]. Journal of Applied Physics. 2005, Vol.113101: 1-11.
[42]陈爱武,李晓,薛尚峰,等.激光探测接收系统中多模光纤天线出射激光空间相干性研究[J].中北大学学报(自然科学版) . 2008, 29.3: 276-279.
[43]刘智超,张记龙,李晓,等.基于偏振编码的激光探测系统光纤天线的研究[J].光电工程. 2010, 37.2: 60-64.
[44] M. Lennon, G. Mercier, M.C. Mouchot,et al. Spectral unmixing of hyperspectral images,with the Independent Component Analysis and wavelet packets[J]. IEEE. 2001,Vol.2:2896-2898.
[45] Michele Hinnrichs, James Jensen, Gerard Mc Anally. Hand held hyperspectral imager for standoff detection of chemical and biological aerosols[J]. SPIE. 2004, Vol.5268:67-78.
[46] Mark Dombrowski1, Martin Szczesniak,et al. Performance and Application of a Very High-Speed 2-12μm Ultraspectral FTIR Imager[J]. SPIE. 2006, Vol.6233: 1-7.
[47] Jerry Workman, JrArt Springsteen. Applied Spectroscopy[M]. ISBN 0-12-764070-3: 93-189.
[48] Polymicro公司.光纤光谱通过率参数:中国, 2009.
[49]武汉昱生公司.光电探测器特性曲线图:中国, 2009.
[50]武汉昱生公司.光电探测器主要参数:中国, 2009.
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