海洋卫星遥感溢油监测技术与应用研究
摘要
21世纪是全世界大规模开发利用海洋资源、扩大海洋产业、发展海洋经济的新时期。这也给海洋的生态环境带来了沉重的负担,尤其是海洋溢油污染对海洋环境造成了巨大的破环,同时也蒙受了巨大的经济损失。海洋溢油经常发生在恶劣的天气状况之下,这就给监测工作带来了许多困难。随着卫星遥感技术的发展,各种遥感平台和传感器性能的不断提高,使海洋溢油污染的快速准确监测成为可能。
本文对各种光学遥感器和微波遥感器的性能进行了比较分析,依据油膜的光谱特性建立了基于光学遥感监测和微波遥感监测的方法和技术流程。建立了溢油遥感检测模型。应用MODIS光学遥感数据,通过对热红外波段的影像处理分析,对2006年3月23日以及2004年4月渤海曹妃甸海域海洋溢油事故通过图像增强、彩色合成等图像处理方法增大油膜与背景海水之间的差异,并根据溢油遥感检测模型计算结果对溢油进行了提取分析;应用ASAR微波遥感数据通过降噪处理、后向散射系数计算、单一阈值法等技术方法对溢油进行了提取。并根据溢油提取的技术流程,开发了海洋溢油遥感监测系统。提高了海洋溢油遥感监测的智能化和自动化。
卫星遥感技术在海洋溢油遥感监测中有着良好的应用前景,随着卫星遥感技术的发展,建立了以多源卫星遥感数据为数据源,应用计算机处理系统来为海洋溢油遥感监测服务。
The 21 the century is a new period, in which marine resources around the world are exploited and utilized on a large scale, marine industry expanded, and marine economy developed. Theses are also heavy burdens to the marine ecological environment. Particularly, the marine environment has been tremendously destroyed by the marine oil spill pollution, which causes huge economic losses. As marine oil spills often occur in bad weather conditions, it brings many difficulties to monitoring works. With the development of satellite remote sensing technology, the continuous improvement of the performance of various remote sensing platforms and sensors, it is possible to monitor the marine oil spill pollution rapidly and accurately.
This paper makes a comparative analysis on the performance of various microwave sensors and optical remote sensors used for monitoring oil spills. According to the spectral characteristics of film, this paper also establishes a method and a technical flow based on optical remote sensing monitoring and microwave remote sensing monitoring. And an oil spill detection model is proposed as well. Through application of MODIS remote sensing data and treat analysis of thermal infrared band images, of the oil spill accident of Caofeidian in Bohai Sea on March 23, 2006 and April 2004, the difference between oil film and background waters is increased by means of image processing methods, like image enhancement, color composite and so on. According to the Calculation results of this oil spill detection model, oil spills are extracted and analyzed. ASAR microwave remotely sensed data is used to extract oil spills by technical measures such as denoise processing, backscattering coefficient calculation and single threshold method etc. Based on the technical process of oil spill extraction, a marine oil spill remote sensing monitoring system is developed, which enhances the intelligence and automation of remote monitoring of marine oil spills.
Satellite remote sensing technology in the remote monitoring of marine oil spill has a good prospect. With the development of satellite remote sensing technology, it is establish a multi-source satellite remote sensing data for data source, and utilized the computer processing system to service remote sensing for marine oil spill monitoring.
本文对各种光学遥感器和微波遥感器的性能进行了比较分析,依据油膜的光谱特性建立了基于光学遥感监测和微波遥感监测的方法和技术流程。建立了溢油遥感检测模型。应用MODIS光学遥感数据,通过对热红外波段的影像处理分析,对2006年3月23日以及2004年4月渤海曹妃甸海域海洋溢油事故通过图像增强、彩色合成等图像处理方法增大油膜与背景海水之间的差异,并根据溢油遥感检测模型计算结果对溢油进行了提取分析;应用ASAR微波遥感数据通过降噪处理、后向散射系数计算、单一阈值法等技术方法对溢油进行了提取。并根据溢油提取的技术流程,开发了海洋溢油遥感监测系统。提高了海洋溢油遥感监测的智能化和自动化。
卫星遥感技术在海洋溢油遥感监测中有着良好的应用前景,随着卫星遥感技术的发展,建立了以多源卫星遥感数据为数据源,应用计算机处理系统来为海洋溢油遥感监测服务。
The 21 the century is a new period, in which marine resources around the world are exploited and utilized on a large scale, marine industry expanded, and marine economy developed. Theses are also heavy burdens to the marine ecological environment. Particularly, the marine environment has been tremendously destroyed by the marine oil spill pollution, which causes huge economic losses. As marine oil spills often occur in bad weather conditions, it brings many difficulties to monitoring works. With the development of satellite remote sensing technology, the continuous improvement of the performance of various remote sensing platforms and sensors, it is possible to monitor the marine oil spill pollution rapidly and accurately.
This paper makes a comparative analysis on the performance of various microwave sensors and optical remote sensors used for monitoring oil spills. According to the spectral characteristics of film, this paper also establishes a method and a technical flow based on optical remote sensing monitoring and microwave remote sensing monitoring. And an oil spill detection model is proposed as well. Through application of MODIS remote sensing data and treat analysis of thermal infrared band images, of the oil spill accident of Caofeidian in Bohai Sea on March 23, 2006 and April 2004, the difference between oil film and background waters is increased by means of image processing methods, like image enhancement, color composite and so on. According to the Calculation results of this oil spill detection model, oil spills are extracted and analyzed. ASAR microwave remotely sensed data is used to extract oil spills by technical measures such as denoise processing, backscattering coefficient calculation and single threshold method etc. Based on the technical process of oil spill extraction, a marine oil spill remote sensing monitoring system is developed, which enhances the intelligence and automation of remote monitoring of marine oil spills.
Satellite remote sensing technology in the remote monitoring of marine oil spill has a good prospect. With the development of satellite remote sensing technology, it is establish a multi-source satellite remote sensing data for data source, and utilized the computer processing system to service remote sensing for marine oil spill monitoring.
引文
[1]方曦,杨文.海洋石油污染研究现状及防治[J].环境科学与管理,2007,32(9):78-80
[2]赵冬至,海洋溢油灾害应急响应技术研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006年
[3]赵英时.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003年
[4]安居白,张永宁.发达国家海上溢油遥感监测现状分析[J].交通环保,2002,23(3):27-29
[5]张永宁,丁倩.油膜波谱特征分析与遥感监测溢油[J].海洋环境科学,2000,19(3):5-10
[6]李栖筠,陈维英.老铁山水道漏油事故卫星监测[J].环境遥感,1994,9(4):256-262
[7]李栖筠,傅玉慧.NOAA卫星监测船舶溢油[J].中国航海,1996(2):63-66
[8]李栖筠,傅玉慧.美国气象卫星监测海洋溢油[J].海洋环境科学,1997,16(1):6-10
[9]张永宁,丁倩.海上溢油污染遥感监测的研究[J].大连海事大学学报,1999,25(3):1-5
[10]赵冬至,丛丕福.海面溢油的可见光波段地物光谱特征研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2000,15(003):160-164
[11]徐恒振.Fuzzy相关分析鉴别海面溢油[J].海洋环境科学,1995,14(1):55-58
[12]徐恒振,尚龙生.Euclid贴近度聚类分析鉴别海面溢油[J].海洋与湖沼,1995,26(6):625-631
[13]王丽.近红外光谱技术鉴别海面溢油[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2004,24(12):1537-1539
[14]薛浩洁,种劲松.SAR图像海洋表面油膜检测方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2004,19(004):290-294
[15]刘彦呈,林建国.基于GIS的海上溢油扩散和漂移的预测研究[J].大连海事大学学报,2002,28(3):41-44
[16]严志宇,殷佩海.溢油蒸发过程的研究[J].大连海事大学学报,2000(4)
[17]杨存建,周成虎.利用RADARSAT SWA SAR和LANDSAT TM的互补信息确定洪水水体范围[J].自然灾害学报,2001(2):79-83.
[18]薛浩洁。SAR图像海洋表面油膜检测方法研究[D].硕士学位论文.中国科学院电子学研究所,2004
[19]鲍艳松.利用ASAR图像监测土壤含水量和小麦覆盖度[J].遥感学报,2006,10(2):263-271.
[20]杨娜.NOAA/AVHRR数据在事故溢油中应用研究[D].硕士学位论文.中国海洋大学,2006
[21]曹立新,于沉鱼.美国海岸警备队的溢油鉴别系统[J].交通环保,1999,20(2):39-42
[22]陈东,李飚.SAR图像斑点噪声消除算法的研究[J].红外与激光工程,2000,29(4):9-12
[23]黄世奇,刘代志.SAR图像斑点噪声抑制方法与应用研究[J].测绘学报,2006,35(003):245-250
[24]黄晓霞,朱振海.海洋表面膜特征的SAR图像探测[J].遥感学报,1999,3(1):48-53
[25]黄翌敏.紫外探测技术应用[J].红外与激光工程.2005(4):9-15
[26]匡燕.ENVISAT卫星综述[J].遥感信息,2007:90-92
[27]杨红斌.海上溢油鉴别及其发展趋势[J].中国环境监测,1999(T10):22-25
[28]杨跃忠,黄彦禄.航空遥感测量海面油膜厚度的研究[J].环境遥感,1993,8(3):222-231
[29]张丹丹.海面溢油的荧光光谱鉴别法述评[J].环境保护科学,2000,26(5):34-36
[30]张静,吴晓东.溢油事故监测中的遥感技术[J].江苏环境科技,2006,19(A02):86-88
[31]张俊,张志勇.SAR图像斑点噪声抑制与滤除技术[J].遥感技术与应用,1998,13(3):44-47
[32]赵云英,马永安.荧光光谱法鉴别海面溢油源的研究进展[J].海洋环境科学,1997,16(2):29-35
[33]周建民,何秀凤.星载SAR图像的斑点噪声抑制与滤波研究[J].河海大学学报,自然科学版.2006,34(2):189-192
[34]Salem.Hyperspectral image analysis for oil spill detection.Summaries of NASA/JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop
[35]S Taylor.0.45 to 1.1μm Spect ra of Prude Crude Oil and of Beach Materials in Prince William Sound[A].Alaska,CRREL Special Report No.92-5,Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire, 1992, 14
[36] Fingas, M. F. and C. E. Brown. Review of oil spill remote sensing. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin, 1997, 4(4):199-208
[37] Benelli. G. and A. Garzelli. Oil-spills detection in SAR images by fractal dimension estimation. Geo-science and Remote Sensing Symposium. 1999, IGARSS'99 Proceedings. IEEE 1999 International, 1999, 1
[38] Brekke and A. H. S. Solberg. Oil spill detection by satellite remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2005, 95(1): 1-13
[39] Del Frate, F. and L. Salvatori. Oil spill detection by means of neural networks algorithms:a sensitivity analysis. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2004, IGARSS'04. Proceedings. 2004 IEEE International, 2004, 2
[40] Engelhardt, F.R. Remote sensing for oil spill detection and response. Pure Appl. Chem. 1999, 71(1):103-111
[41] Hodgins, D.O. . RADARSAT SAR for oil spill response. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin, 1996, 3(4):241-246
[42] Ivanov, A., H.E. Ming-Xia, and F. Ming-Qiang. Oil spill detection with the RADARSAT SAR in the waters of the Yellow and East China Sea: A case study. Proc. ACRS 2002-23rd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, November 25-29, 2002, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2002
[43] Jones, B., Analysis of SAR imagery from the Sea Empress oil spill. 1998.
[44] Jones, B., A comparison of visual observations of surface oil with Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery of the Sea Empress oil spill. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2001, 22(9):1619-1638
[45] Keramitsoglou, I., C. Cartalis and C.T. Kiranoudis. Automatic identification of oil spills on satellite images. Environmental Modelling and Software, 2006, 21(5): 640-652.
[46] Marghany, M., RADARSAT for oil spill trajectory model. Environmental Modelling and Software, 2004, 19(5):473-483
[47] Martinez, A. and V. Moreno. An oil spill monitoring system based on SAR images. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin, 1996, 3(1-2):65-71
[48] Nasr, A.H. and M.H. Ahmed. Detecting Oil Spills in the Offshore Nile Delta Coast Using Image Processing of ERS SAR Data. Environmental Affairs, 2000, 23:5
[49] Nirchio, F., Automatic detection of oil spills from SAR images. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2005, 26(6): 1157-1174
[50] Palenzuela, J.M., L.G. Vilas and M.S. Cuadrado. Use of ASAR images to study the evolution of the Prestige oil spill off the Galician coast. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2006, 27(10):1931-1950
[51] Pedersen, J.P., Oil spill detection by use of ERS SAR data. Proceedings of the Second ERS Applications Workshop, 1995:6-8
[52] Salvatori, L. and F. Del Frate. Semi-Automatic and Fully Automatic Algorithms for Oil Spill Detection
[53] Samad, R. and S. Mansor. Detection of oil spill pollution using RADARSAT SAR imagery. Proceedings of the 23th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, 2002
[54] Solberg, A.H.S., Automatic detection of oil spills in ERS SAR images. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on, 1999, 3 7(4): 1916-1924
[55] Zielinski, O., Detection of oil spills by airborne sensors
[2]赵冬至,海洋溢油灾害应急响应技术研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006年
[3]赵英时.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003年
[4]安居白,张永宁.发达国家海上溢油遥感监测现状分析[J].交通环保,2002,23(3):27-29
[5]张永宁,丁倩.油膜波谱特征分析与遥感监测溢油[J].海洋环境科学,2000,19(3):5-10
[6]李栖筠,陈维英.老铁山水道漏油事故卫星监测[J].环境遥感,1994,9(4):256-262
[7]李栖筠,傅玉慧.NOAA卫星监测船舶溢油[J].中国航海,1996(2):63-66
[8]李栖筠,傅玉慧.美国气象卫星监测海洋溢油[J].海洋环境科学,1997,16(1):6-10
[9]张永宁,丁倩.海上溢油污染遥感监测的研究[J].大连海事大学学报,1999,25(3):1-5
[10]赵冬至,丛丕福.海面溢油的可见光波段地物光谱特征研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2000,15(003):160-164
[11]徐恒振.Fuzzy相关分析鉴别海面溢油[J].海洋环境科学,1995,14(1):55-58
[12]徐恒振,尚龙生.Euclid贴近度聚类分析鉴别海面溢油[J].海洋与湖沼,1995,26(6):625-631
[13]王丽.近红外光谱技术鉴别海面溢油[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2004,24(12):1537-1539
[14]薛浩洁,种劲松.SAR图像海洋表面油膜检测方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2004,19(004):290-294
[15]刘彦呈,林建国.基于GIS的海上溢油扩散和漂移的预测研究[J].大连海事大学学报,2002,28(3):41-44
[16]严志宇,殷佩海.溢油蒸发过程的研究[J].大连海事大学学报,2000(4)
[17]杨存建,周成虎.利用RADARSAT SWA SAR和LANDSAT TM的互补信息确定洪水水体范围[J].自然灾害学报,2001(2):79-83.
[18]薛浩洁。SAR图像海洋表面油膜检测方法研究[D].硕士学位论文.中国科学院电子学研究所,2004
[19]鲍艳松.利用ASAR图像监测土壤含水量和小麦覆盖度[J].遥感学报,2006,10(2):263-271.
[20]杨娜.NOAA/AVHRR数据在事故溢油中应用研究[D].硕士学位论文.中国海洋大学,2006
[21]曹立新,于沉鱼.美国海岸警备队的溢油鉴别系统[J].交通环保,1999,20(2):39-42
[22]陈东,李飚.SAR图像斑点噪声消除算法的研究[J].红外与激光工程,2000,29(4):9-12
[23]黄世奇,刘代志.SAR图像斑点噪声抑制方法与应用研究[J].测绘学报,2006,35(003):245-250
[24]黄晓霞,朱振海.海洋表面膜特征的SAR图像探测[J].遥感学报,1999,3(1):48-53
[25]黄翌敏.紫外探测技术应用[J].红外与激光工程.2005(4):9-15
[26]匡燕.ENVISAT卫星综述[J].遥感信息,2007:90-92
[27]杨红斌.海上溢油鉴别及其发展趋势[J].中国环境监测,1999(T10):22-25
[28]杨跃忠,黄彦禄.航空遥感测量海面油膜厚度的研究[J].环境遥感,1993,8(3):222-231
[29]张丹丹.海面溢油的荧光光谱鉴别法述评[J].环境保护科学,2000,26(5):34-36
[30]张静,吴晓东.溢油事故监测中的遥感技术[J].江苏环境科技,2006,19(A02):86-88
[31]张俊,张志勇.SAR图像斑点噪声抑制与滤除技术[J].遥感技术与应用,1998,13(3):44-47
[32]赵云英,马永安.荧光光谱法鉴别海面溢油源的研究进展[J].海洋环境科学,1997,16(2):29-35
[33]周建民,何秀凤.星载SAR图像的斑点噪声抑制与滤波研究[J].河海大学学报,自然科学版.2006,34(2):189-192
[34]Salem.Hyperspectral image analysis for oil spill detection.Summaries of NASA/JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop
[35]S Taylor.0.45 to 1.1μm Spect ra of Prude Crude Oil and of Beach Materials in Prince William Sound[A].Alaska,CRREL Special Report No.92-5,Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire, 1992, 14
[36] Fingas, M. F. and C. E. Brown. Review of oil spill remote sensing. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin, 1997, 4(4):199-208
[37] Benelli. G. and A. Garzelli. Oil-spills detection in SAR images by fractal dimension estimation. Geo-science and Remote Sensing Symposium. 1999, IGARSS'99 Proceedings. IEEE 1999 International, 1999, 1
[38] Brekke and A. H. S. Solberg. Oil spill detection by satellite remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2005, 95(1): 1-13
[39] Del Frate, F. and L. Salvatori. Oil spill detection by means of neural networks algorithms:a sensitivity analysis. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 2004, IGARSS'04. Proceedings. 2004 IEEE International, 2004, 2
[40] Engelhardt, F.R. Remote sensing for oil spill detection and response. Pure Appl. Chem. 1999, 71(1):103-111
[41] Hodgins, D.O. . RADARSAT SAR for oil spill response. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin, 1996, 3(4):241-246
[42] Ivanov, A., H.E. Ming-Xia, and F. Ming-Qiang. Oil spill detection with the RADARSAT SAR in the waters of the Yellow and East China Sea: A case study. Proc. ACRS 2002-23rd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, November 25-29, 2002, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2002
[43] Jones, B., Analysis of SAR imagery from the Sea Empress oil spill. 1998.
[44] Jones, B., A comparison of visual observations of surface oil with Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery of the Sea Empress oil spill. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2001, 22(9):1619-1638
[45] Keramitsoglou, I., C. Cartalis and C.T. Kiranoudis. Automatic identification of oil spills on satellite images. Environmental Modelling and Software, 2006, 21(5): 640-652.
[46] Marghany, M., RADARSAT for oil spill trajectory model. Environmental Modelling and Software, 2004, 19(5):473-483
[47] Martinez, A. and V. Moreno. An oil spill monitoring system based on SAR images. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin, 1996, 3(1-2):65-71
[48] Nasr, A.H. and M.H. Ahmed. Detecting Oil Spills in the Offshore Nile Delta Coast Using Image Processing of ERS SAR Data. Environmental Affairs, 2000, 23:5
[49] Nirchio, F., Automatic detection of oil spills from SAR images. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2005, 26(6): 1157-1174
[50] Palenzuela, J.M., L.G. Vilas and M.S. Cuadrado. Use of ASAR images to study the evolution of the Prestige oil spill off the Galician coast. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2006, 27(10):1931-1950
[51] Pedersen, J.P., Oil spill detection by use of ERS SAR data. Proceedings of the Second ERS Applications Workshop, 1995:6-8
[52] Salvatori, L. and F. Del Frate. Semi-Automatic and Fully Automatic Algorithms for Oil Spill Detection
[53] Samad, R. and S. Mansor. Detection of oil spill pollution using RADARSAT SAR imagery. Proceedings of the 23th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, 2002
[54] Solberg, A.H.S., Automatic detection of oil spills in ERS SAR images. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on, 1999, 3 7(4): 1916-1924
[55] Zielinski, O., Detection of oil spills by airborne sensors