合金粉末对WC/钢基表面复合材料组织和界面的影响
摘要
近年来,WC/钢基表面复合材料研究得到了较好的发展,但是对颗粒增强钢基复合材料的界面研究涉及领域不广,特别是对WC/钢基复合材料的界面研究很少有报道。针对于此,论文研究合金粉末对WC/钢基表面复合材料的影响,重点考察合金粉末对复合层的组织和界面的影响,为WC/钢基表面复合材料的研究打下理论基础。
论文采用真空实型负压铸渗工艺,成功制备了不同成份的WC/钢基表层复合材料。组织分析表明：复合层的基体组织是珠光体、马氏体和残余奥氏体,其上分布着白色鱼骨、枝状含钨量较高的初生碳化物和黑色枝状含铬量较高的初生碳化物,这两种碳化物连接成网状,在初生碳化物中间分布着少量微小粒状的共晶碳化物。其中,Fe3W3C相是主要的初生碳化物生成物,含量较高,是主要的碳化物生成物,是钢基复合材料的重要组织。三种成份的复合层中,含钨预置层制备的钢基表层复合材料中M6C型碳化物含量最高,且新生了很多小WC颗粒；含钼预置层制备的钢基表层复合材料中M6C型碳化物含量也较多,仅次于含钨预置层制备的钢基表层复合材料；含镍预置层制备的钢基表层复合材料中在含镍量较高的区域,存在一个单相奥氏体区,使复合材料在耐磨的同时,有较好的耐蚀性和耐高温性。
复合层宏观硬度的变化：从基材至复合层表面,硬度值呈先升后降的趋势,复合层平均硬度比基材提高几乎两倍。
合金粉末对钢基表层复合材料的复合层组织的影响规律：随着合金含量的增加,复合层中共晶碳化物含量逐渐增加,含钨的初生碳化物体积、数量也增多,复合层中无缺陷,铸渗厚度增加,复合层厚度变大。其中,含钨元素的复合层中还有小碳化钨颗粒生成,并均匀分布于组织。
预置层中添加合金粉末的WC/钢基表层复合材料复合层的基体具有较高的硬度,高于高铬钢基体,显微硬度由基体通过界面结合层向复合层方向逐渐增大。在界面结合处,硬度并没有在某一界面两侧发生突变,而是存在一个低硬度向高硬度渐变的狭窄区域。界面间原子的相互扩散形成了良好的冶金结合,基体和复合层之间的界面是连续的。
Recently, WC particles/steel surface composite become a new class of advanced materials, but the particle of steel composite materials studies involving domain is not widely, especially have rare reports in the WC ceramic particle/steel composite materials research. Based on this, the paper studies the effects of alloy powder particles to WC surface/steel composite material, The effects of the microstructure, phase, elements changed, microhardness, to lay the theoretical foundation of WC particles/steel surface composite materials research.
In the paper, the high-carbon chromium steel substrate surface composites containing different volume fractions of WC particles were fabricated successfully by V-EPC infiltrating casting process. Organizational analysis shows that the organization is matrix composite layer for pearlite, martensite and austenite, its distributed netted connected into white bones, branch shape tungsten carbide is higher primary and black branch shape organization chromium-contained quantity of high carbon, born in net primary carbide substrate with small black in the distribution of eutectic carbide particulate tiny. Among them, Fe3W3C phase is the main primary carbide products, is the main content is higher, the carbon steel products, is to improve the resistance of composite important organization. Three components of the composite layer, tungsten steel base layer of preset surface preparation M6C in composite materials, and the highest content of carbide freshman many smaller particle, abrasion resistance; the WC containing molybdenum preset layer of steel base surface preparation M6C type of composite material, after the content is also more carbon tungsten steel base layer of preset surface preparation of composite materials, better wearability, containing nickel layer, the yankees were preset steel surface composite nickel content is higher in the area, there is a single austenite zone, composite materials in wear-resisting, has good corrosion resistance and high temperature resistant properties.
Composite layer organizational changes can be seen for macro hardness change of material:from the composite material of base material to the surface, first increased and then decreased, and the composite layer of average hardness enhanced almost twice as much.
Prefabrication of alloy powder on the surface of steel and composite material tissue: compound floor crystal carbide content increase gradually with the increase of the content of alloy, the primary tungsten carbide size, number also increased, composite layer thickness, without defect, composite cast-penetrated layer thickness. Among them, the elements of tungsten and small tungsten particles, and evenly distributed in organizations.
Add preset layer of alloy powder WC/steel base surface composite matrix composite layer with high hardness and high chrome matrix, higher microhardness by matrix interface bonding layer by layer direction to increase. In the interface, hardness and union of an interface in both mutations, but there is a low hardness of high hardness gradient from the narrow area. Interface between atomic interdiffusions of forming a good metallurgical combination, body and compound layer between the interface is continuously.
论文采用真空实型负压铸渗工艺,成功制备了不同成份的WC/钢基表层复合材料。组织分析表明：复合层的基体组织是珠光体、马氏体和残余奥氏体,其上分布着白色鱼骨、枝状含钨量较高的初生碳化物和黑色枝状含铬量较高的初生碳化物,这两种碳化物连接成网状,在初生碳化物中间分布着少量微小粒状的共晶碳化物。其中,Fe3W3C相是主要的初生碳化物生成物,含量较高,是主要的碳化物生成物,是钢基复合材料的重要组织。三种成份的复合层中,含钨预置层制备的钢基表层复合材料中M6C型碳化物含量最高,且新生了很多小WC颗粒；含钼预置层制备的钢基表层复合材料中M6C型碳化物含量也较多,仅次于含钨预置层制备的钢基表层复合材料；含镍预置层制备的钢基表层复合材料中在含镍量较高的区域,存在一个单相奥氏体区,使复合材料在耐磨的同时,有较好的耐蚀性和耐高温性。
复合层宏观硬度的变化：从基材至复合层表面,硬度值呈先升后降的趋势,复合层平均硬度比基材提高几乎两倍。
合金粉末对钢基表层复合材料的复合层组织的影响规律：随着合金含量的增加,复合层中共晶碳化物含量逐渐增加,含钨的初生碳化物体积、数量也增多,复合层中无缺陷,铸渗厚度增加,复合层厚度变大。其中,含钨元素的复合层中还有小碳化钨颗粒生成,并均匀分布于组织。
预置层中添加合金粉末的WC/钢基表层复合材料复合层的基体具有较高的硬度,高于高铬钢基体,显微硬度由基体通过界面结合层向复合层方向逐渐增大。在界面结合处,硬度并没有在某一界面两侧发生突变,而是存在一个低硬度向高硬度渐变的狭窄区域。界面间原子的相互扩散形成了良好的冶金结合,基体和复合层之间的界面是连续的。
Recently, WC particles/steel surface composite become a new class of advanced materials, but the particle of steel composite materials studies involving domain is not widely, especially have rare reports in the WC ceramic particle/steel composite materials research. Based on this, the paper studies the effects of alloy powder particles to WC surface/steel composite material, The effects of the microstructure, phase, elements changed, microhardness, to lay the theoretical foundation of WC particles/steel surface composite materials research.
In the paper, the high-carbon chromium steel substrate surface composites containing different volume fractions of WC particles were fabricated successfully by V-EPC infiltrating casting process. Organizational analysis shows that the organization is matrix composite layer for pearlite, martensite and austenite, its distributed netted connected into white bones, branch shape tungsten carbide is higher primary and black branch shape organization chromium-contained quantity of high carbon, born in net primary carbide substrate with small black in the distribution of eutectic carbide particulate tiny. Among them, Fe3W3C phase is the main primary carbide products, is the main content is higher, the carbon steel products, is to improve the resistance of composite important organization. Three components of the composite layer, tungsten steel base layer of preset surface preparation M6C in composite materials, and the highest content of carbide freshman many smaller particle, abrasion resistance; the WC containing molybdenum preset layer of steel base surface preparation M6C type of composite material, after the content is also more carbon tungsten steel base layer of preset surface preparation of composite materials, better wearability, containing nickel layer, the yankees were preset steel surface composite nickel content is higher in the area, there is a single austenite zone, composite materials in wear-resisting, has good corrosion resistance and high temperature resistant properties.
Composite layer organizational changes can be seen for macro hardness change of material:from the composite material of base material to the surface, first increased and then decreased, and the composite layer of average hardness enhanced almost twice as much.
Prefabrication of alloy powder on the surface of steel and composite material tissue: compound floor crystal carbide content increase gradually with the increase of the content of alloy, the primary tungsten carbide size, number also increased, composite layer thickness, without defect, composite cast-penetrated layer thickness. Among them, the elements of tungsten and small tungsten particles, and evenly distributed in organizations.
Add preset layer of alloy powder WC/steel base surface composite matrix composite layer with high hardness and high chrome matrix, higher microhardness by matrix interface bonding layer by layer direction to increase. In the interface, hardness and union of an interface in both mutations, but there is a low hardness of high hardness gradient from the narrow area. Interface between atomic interdiffusions of forming a good metallurgical combination, body and compound layer between the interface is continuously.
引文
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[7]Bryggman, U.Lindqvist, J.O. Non-Ferrous Materials, Vol.6 [M]. Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton,1992.
[8]S. F. Corbin, D. S. Wilkonson. Influence of matrix strength and damage accumulationon the mechanical response of a particulate metal matrix composite [J]. Acta Metallurgica et Materialia,1994,42 (4):1329-1335
[9]蒲小聪,林金辉,禾苗.高温金属基复合材料的研究进展[J],材料热处理技术,2009,5：118-121
[10]李建辉,李春峰,雷延权.金属基复合材料成形加工研究进展[J],材料科学与工艺,2002,2(3)：170-172
[11]E. Pagounis, V. K. Lindroos. Processing and properties of particulate reinforce steel matrix composites [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A.1998,246:221-234
[12]黄民建.颗粒增强铸造金属基复合材料[J].湖南冶金,2001(1)：44-47
[13]郭小军.铸渗法制取颗粒增强钢基复合材料的研究：[硕士学位论文].沈阳：东北大学,2001
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[15]KAMBAKAS K, TSAKIROPOULOS P. Solidification of high-Cr white cast iron-WC particle reinforced composites[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2005, A413-414:538-544.
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