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河北省易县孔各庄金矿成矿地质特征及成矿机制
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摘要
河北孔各庄金矿位于紫荆关—灵山大断层东侧,易县西部司各庄—良岗—杜岗—西陵背斜西翼,在柴厂—官座岭—带岩体的北西部。
     矿区内主要出露中元古界长城系高于庄组地层,该组地层的二段和三段是矿体的主要赋存层位,二段地层沉积相特征说该段应是一种波浪偶能波及的海水较深、缺氧、还原性的浅海陆棚滞留盆地中沉积形成的,由于同沉积期海底构造运动较剧烈,伴随有火山活动和喷气喷流活动,故在地层中加入一定量的成矿物质,并有盆内源炭的沉积。
     矿区内的成矿构造体系较为复杂,以断层为主,由近南北向、北西向、北东向断层和层间断层构成。通过对区域构造发展史和成矿断层体系产出特征的分析,可知各组断层有多期活动的特点,在燕山期复活改造或新生。断层在空间分布上也有明显的特征,其中层间滑动主要发生在不整合面上和岩性分界面上。岩脉的分布受断层构造的控制,刘家沟石英闪长岩体的展布特点说明其就位受近南北向和北西向断层的控制。
     孔各庄矿体分为立脉(包括断层蚀变带型、角砾岩带型、刘家沟石英脉型)和卧脉(斑马纹层状矿体)。断层蚀变带型、角砾岩带型矿体的控矿构造主要为多期次活动的近南北断层,石英脉型矿体为刘家沟石英闪长岩体内北尔走向的断层控制。断层蚀变带型(以9~#脉为代表)可以进一步分为薄脉带、细脉带和线脉带,角砾岩带型矿体分为泥砾带、角砾岩带、角砾化围岩,各带中的矿体形态、构式特征和矿化各有特点。卧脉受层间活动的控制,主要呈斑马纹层状,矿体顶部常为炭质页岩,黄铁矿脉和石英—黄铁矿脉基本上均沿层间滑动面、层理和微层理分布。
     地层、构造和岩浆岩对矿床的形成都起着重要的控制作用。立脉的形成主要受陡倾斜断层,包括近南北向断层、北西向断层、北东向断层和构造复合部位的控制;而卧脉的产山状态则受层间滑动控制的同时,还和赋矿地层特定的岩性、沉积成岩时特定的沉积环境有密切的关系,有地层—层间滑动—卧脉矿层三位一体和成矿类型与构造系统相对应的规律。岩体、岩脉和矿脉有密切的时空天系,它们为成矿提供了热源和部分成矿物质。
     通过对地质发展史和同位素研究结果的分析可知,本矿床成矿物质的来源具有多源性,基底、盖层地层和岩浆都提供了部分成矿物质。对成矿作用的分析表明成矿热液是通过陡倾斜断层向地表迁移的,立脉和卧脉是在同样的成矿作用过程中由于不同的沉淀机制而形成的。总的来说,矿床属于中低温岩浆期后热液矿床,形成于燕山期。
Konggezhuang gold deposit lies in the east of the Zijingguan-Lingshan fault, west limb of Sigezhuang-Lianggang-Dugang-xiling anticline and north-west of Caichang-Guanzuoling rock mass.
    The strata, where Au-deposit is occurred, belong to the second and third section of the Changcheng System of middle-upper Proterozoic. The sedimentary facies of the second section show that the strata are formed in the ponded water of the shelf sea basin where water is deep, oxygen-deficient and reductive. Due to the active tectogenetic movement, fumarole activity and exhalative deposit, some mineralizing matters have been added to the strata, including charcoal from basin.
    The metallotectonics is very complex, mainly composed of multiphase faults those are of characteristic spatial distribution. Bedding faults are occurred on the surface of unconformity and lithostratigraphic boundary. The distribution of vein dikes and granite-porphyry is controlled by faults. The characteristic of quartz-diorite in Liujiagou shows that it is controlled by the compound positions of the north-west striking and north-south striking faults.
    The ore bodies can be divided into High-pitched mineral veins (include the fault alteration type, brecciated type and quartz veins of Liujiagou) and bedding mineral veins (refer to the stratified ore bodies those are of the stripes that are characteristic of the zebra). Fault alteration veins and brecciated veins are controlled mainly by the south-north striking faults , and quartz veins are controlled by the north-east striking faults in the quartz-diorite in Liujiagou. Fault alteration vein, take 9 for example, can be divided into thin-bedded vein zone, veinlet zone and line vein zone. Brecciated veins can be divided into baulder clay zone, crashed breccia zone and brecciation wall rock zone. The different zones are of different character. Bedding ore-bodies are controlled by bedding faults and often covered by culms. Iron pyrites are displayed along the surface of bedding faults, layering and microlayering.
    Strata, structures and magmatic rocks play the important role during the process of mineralization. High-pitched mineral veins are mainly controlled by the high-pitched faults, including south-north striking faults, north-west striking faults, north-east striking faults and the compound positions of faults. The attitude of bedding mineral veins are controlled by the bedding faults on the one hand, and has
    
    
    intimate relationships with specific lithologic of ore-bearing strata and sedimentary contexts on the other hand. The rock masses, rock veins have provided the mineralizing matter and quantity of heat during the process of mineraliztion.
    After analyzing the history of geological development and result of isotopes study, it is believed that the resources of mineralizing matter includes substratum, covering stratum and rock magma. By the analysis of mineralization, it is considered that high-pitched veins and bedding veins are formed in same process of the mineralization owing to two different mechanisms of deposition. As a whole, the deposit belongs to middle-low temperature postmagmatic hydrothermal deposit.
引文
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