预应力锚索在香山边坡治理中的应用
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摘要
预应力锚固技术在近代岩土工程中得到广泛的应用,并取得较大的成功,其相应的理论研究也获得很多成果,但由于实际岩土工程的复杂性及预应力锚固技术尚存在一些不是很明确的问题,诸如预应力锚固作用机理、锚索预应力的损失规律等。
针对这些问题,本文结合香山北沟防火路17号边坡预应力锚固工程,采用地质调查、现场监测等方法,对破碎岩质边坡中预应力锚固技术的锚固机理和应用进行了研究和探讨。
通过对预应力锚索的设计可知,锚索的预应力主要起到如下的作用:①岩土体在预应力锚索的作用下物理力学性能得到一定程度的改善,增加了坡体的稳定性;②岩土体在锚索法向分力作用下,提高了滑移面的抗剪强度,增大了坡体阻滑力;③岩土体在锚索的作用下,使初始裂隙闭合、贴紧,这大大提高了岩土体的整体性。
通过在施工中对卡钻、塌孔等现象的分析,了解引起此现象的原因,并揭示此现象发生的标志是孔中吹出黄色岩粉夹杂原状的、非钻头击碎的、非新鲜的、无光泽的石块。在发生塌孔、卡钻现象后应立即停钻,拔出钻具,采用压浆固壁等措施来处理。
通过现场的对锚索预应力的监测,分析了预应力短期的变化规律,长期的损失规律以及在温度变化时锚索内力变化规律,得到了锚索预应力损失变化的一般规律。
Slope reinforcement with prestressed anchor has been widely used in rock and soil engineering,which has been proved successfully ,the same is its theory.But due to the complexity of rock and soil engineering ,its technique still has some problems,such as anchorage effect,prestress loss rule.
To the problems of slope reinforcement with prestressed anchor,combined with the practical slope reinforcement project of NO.17 slope of xiangshan north fire line,by means of geological investigation,in-situ testing and so on,the application of prestressed anchor,its effect and mechanics in cracked rock slope are studied. By the designment of prestressed anchorage,prestress of anchor has 3 affect:①Because of prestressed anchorage,the physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock are improved,which increases the stability of soil and rock.②Because of normal component force of anchorage,the shear strength of slip surface is improved,which increases the resistance of the slope body.③Because of prestressed anchorage,the fracture of rock is closed ,which increases the integrity of soil and rock.
With the analysis of sticking and hole collapse,finding out the reason of this phenomenon , which the matt、non-fresh and undisturbed rock. when the phenomenon of sticking and hole collapse occurs,the drilling should be stpped,and then the drill tools should be pulled out.The grouting is used to treatment this problem.
Based on the systematically monitoring and analysis in the project,the prestress loss after lock,short-term,as well as long-term prestress change rules are studied,and also the influence of temperature’s changes to the cable prestress state is analyzed.The common prestress loss rule is obtained.
针对这些问题,本文结合香山北沟防火路17号边坡预应力锚固工程,采用地质调查、现场监测等方法,对破碎岩质边坡中预应力锚固技术的锚固机理和应用进行了研究和探讨。
通过对预应力锚索的设计可知,锚索的预应力主要起到如下的作用:①岩土体在预应力锚索的作用下物理力学性能得到一定程度的改善,增加了坡体的稳定性;②岩土体在锚索法向分力作用下,提高了滑移面的抗剪强度,增大了坡体阻滑力;③岩土体在锚索的作用下,使初始裂隙闭合、贴紧,这大大提高了岩土体的整体性。
通过在施工中对卡钻、塌孔等现象的分析,了解引起此现象的原因,并揭示此现象发生的标志是孔中吹出黄色岩粉夹杂原状的、非钻头击碎的、非新鲜的、无光泽的石块。在发生塌孔、卡钻现象后应立即停钻,拔出钻具,采用压浆固壁等措施来处理。
通过现场的对锚索预应力的监测,分析了预应力短期的变化规律,长期的损失规律以及在温度变化时锚索内力变化规律,得到了锚索预应力损失变化的一般规律。
Slope reinforcement with prestressed anchor has been widely used in rock and soil engineering,which has been proved successfully ,the same is its theory.But due to the complexity of rock and soil engineering ,its technique still has some problems,such as anchorage effect,prestress loss rule.
To the problems of slope reinforcement with prestressed anchor,combined with the practical slope reinforcement project of NO.17 slope of xiangshan north fire line,by means of geological investigation,in-situ testing and so on,the application of prestressed anchor,its effect and mechanics in cracked rock slope are studied. By the designment of prestressed anchorage,prestress of anchor has 3 affect:①Because of prestressed anchorage,the physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock are improved,which increases the stability of soil and rock.②Because of normal component force of anchorage,the shear strength of slip surface is improved,which increases the resistance of the slope body.③Because of prestressed anchorage,the fracture of rock is closed ,which increases the integrity of soil and rock.
With the analysis of sticking and hole collapse,finding out the reason of this phenomenon , which the matt、non-fresh and undisturbed rock. when the phenomenon of sticking and hole collapse occurs,the drilling should be stpped,and then the drill tools should be pulled out.The grouting is used to treatment this problem.
Based on the systematically monitoring and analysis in the project,the prestress loss after lock,short-term,as well as long-term prestress change rules are studied,and also the influence of temperature’s changes to the cable prestress state is analyzed.The common prestress loss rule is obtained.
引文
[1]程良奎,范景伦,韩军,等.岩土锚固[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2003
[2]赵明阶,何春光,王多根.边坡工程处治技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社.2003
[3]阎莫明,徐祯祥,苏自约.岩土锚固技术的新发展[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[4]中国岩土锚固工程协会.岩土锚固工程技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1996
[5]程良奎.岩土加固实用技术[M].北京:地震出版社,1994
[6]朱维申,李术才,陈卫忠.节理岩体破坏机理和锚固效应及工程应用.北京:科学出版社,2002
[7]水利部水利水电规划设计总院.预应力锚固技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001
[8] Littlejohn G.S. Long-term performance of high capacrock anchors at Dovonport[J]. Ground Engineering 1992(7):25-33
[9]高大水,曾勇.三峡永久船闸高边坡锚索预应力状态监测分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(5):653-656
[10]肖宝林.浅析三峡船闸锚索预应力损失及锚固效果[J].人民长江,2003,34(9):6-7
[11]李端友,汤平,李亦明.三峡永久船闸一期工程岩锚预应力监测[J].长江科学院院报,2000, (17):39-41
[12]黄润秋,许强.显式拉格朗日差分分析在岩石边坡工程中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995:14(4):346-354
[13]尚岳全,黄润秋.工程地质研究中的数值分析方法.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1991
[14]丁秀美,黄润秋,减亚君.预应力锚索框架作用下附加应力的FLAC-3D模拟[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(4):339-345
[15]丁秀美,盛谦.预应力锚索锚固机理的数值模拟试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2002(7):980-988.
[16]杨志法,董万里等.岩土工程监测技术及监测系统问题[M].北京:海洋出版社,2004
[17] Cundall, P. A. A computer model for simulating progressive large scale movement in blocky systems[M]. In Proc. Symp. Int. Soci. Rock Mech.,Vol. 1, paper on. 1-8, Nancy, France,1971
[18]尤春安.锚固系统应力传递机理理论及应用研究:[博士学位论文].山东:山东科技大学,2004
[19]张发明,刘宁.影响大吨位预应力长锚索锚固力损失的因素分析[J].岩土力学,2003(4):194-197
[20]袁小梅.边坡锚索的预应力损失估算[J].路基工程,1999,(06):46～47
[21]叶惠飞.锚索预应力损失变化规律分析:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2004
[22]中冶集团建筑研究总院.CECS 22:2005.岩土锚杆(索)技术规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2005
[23]顾金才,明治清,沈俊等.预应力锚索内锚固段受力特点现场试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998, 17(增):788-792.
[24]何思明,王成华,乔建平.预应力锚索群锚效应研究[J].中国科学(E辑).2003,33(B 12):101～109
[25]杨涛,周德培,张忠平.预应力锚索地梁中合理锚固角的确定[J].岩土力学,2006,(2):290～293
[26]覃仁辉,刘颖,李先光.关于预应力锚索单位长度锚固力确定最优方位角的探讨[J].岩土工程界,2006,(6):64～65
[27]熊文林,何则干,陈胜宏.边坡加固中预应力锚索方向角的优化设计[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,(7):2260～2265
[28]北京市海淀区农林委森林公安处.关于香山防火路治理的要求[M].2006
[29]北京海淀区四季青林业工作站.香山防火路地质灾害勘查委托书[M].北京:中地公司,2007
[30] Barton N, Lien R, Lunde J. Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support[J]. J. Rock Mech., 1974, 6(4): 189–236
[31] Bieniawski Z T. Engineering rock mass classifications: a complete manual for engineers and geologists in mining, civil and petroleum engineering[J]. New York: Wiley, 1989,215
[32]北京市地质调查所区调一队.石景山幅、良乡幅1:50000区域地质调查(联测)说明书.北京:北京市地质矿产局,1993
[33]北京地质矿产局.北京水文地质图集.北京:地质出版社,1992
[34] Bieniawski Z T. Classification of rock masses for engineering: the RMR system and future trends. In: Hudson J A, editor. Comprehensive rock engineering, vol. 3. UK: Pergamon Press; 1993, 553–573
[35]中华人民共和国国土资源部.DZ/T 0219—2006.滑坡防治工程设计与施工技术规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国国土资源部,2006
[36]孙凯,孙玥.拉力型也压力性预应力锚索受力分析及工程应用[J].预应力技术,2007,(3):25～29
[37]谭建国,祁志强,曹继军.三峡库区地质灾害治理中预应力锚索施工的技术难点与对策[J].探矿工程,2005,(增):184～186
[38]王景强,郝亚军.锚索施工中各工序的注意事项[J].探矿工程,2004,(7):13～14
[39]张德圣,龚发熊,刘士林等.小湾电站预应力锚索施工常见问题初步探讨[J].施工技术,2006,(9):67～70
[40]珠晗迓,孙红月,汪会帮,等.边坡加固锚索预应力变化规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,(8):2756～2760
[41]王福来,凤峰.锚索预应力损失原因及防治措施[J].安徽水利水电职业技术学院学报,2008,(3):16～18
[42]王敏,张有为.高速公路边坡锚索预应力损失研究与对策[J].山西建筑,2007,(10):299～300
[2]赵明阶,何春光,王多根.边坡工程处治技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社.2003
[3]阎莫明,徐祯祥,苏自约.岩土锚固技术的新发展[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[4]中国岩土锚固工程协会.岩土锚固工程技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1996
[5]程良奎.岩土加固实用技术[M].北京:地震出版社,1994
[6]朱维申,李术才,陈卫忠.节理岩体破坏机理和锚固效应及工程应用.北京:科学出版社,2002
[7]水利部水利水电规划设计总院.预应力锚固技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001
[8] Littlejohn G.S. Long-term performance of high capacrock anchors at Dovonport[J]. Ground Engineering 1992(7):25-33
[9]高大水,曾勇.三峡永久船闸高边坡锚索预应力状态监测分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(5):653-656
[10]肖宝林.浅析三峡船闸锚索预应力损失及锚固效果[J].人民长江,2003,34(9):6-7
[11]李端友,汤平,李亦明.三峡永久船闸一期工程岩锚预应力监测[J].长江科学院院报,2000, (17):39-41
[12]黄润秋,许强.显式拉格朗日差分分析在岩石边坡工程中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995:14(4):346-354
[13]尚岳全,黄润秋.工程地质研究中的数值分析方法.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1991
[14]丁秀美,黄润秋,减亚君.预应力锚索框架作用下附加应力的FLAC-3D模拟[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(4):339-345
[15]丁秀美,盛谦.预应力锚索锚固机理的数值模拟试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2002(7):980-988.
[16]杨志法,董万里等.岩土工程监测技术及监测系统问题[M].北京:海洋出版社,2004
[17] Cundall, P. A. A computer model for simulating progressive large scale movement in blocky systems[M]. In Proc. Symp. Int. Soci. Rock Mech.,Vol. 1, paper on. 1-8, Nancy, France,1971
[18]尤春安.锚固系统应力传递机理理论及应用研究:[博士学位论文].山东:山东科技大学,2004
[19]张发明,刘宁.影响大吨位预应力长锚索锚固力损失的因素分析[J].岩土力学,2003(4):194-197
[20]袁小梅.边坡锚索的预应力损失估算[J].路基工程,1999,(06):46～47
[21]叶惠飞.锚索预应力损失变化规律分析:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2004
[22]中冶集团建筑研究总院.CECS 22:2005.岩土锚杆(索)技术规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2005
[23]顾金才,明治清,沈俊等.预应力锚索内锚固段受力特点现场试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998, 17(增):788-792.
[24]何思明,王成华,乔建平.预应力锚索群锚效应研究[J].中国科学(E辑).2003,33(B 12):101～109
[25]杨涛,周德培,张忠平.预应力锚索地梁中合理锚固角的确定[J].岩土力学,2006,(2):290～293
[26]覃仁辉,刘颖,李先光.关于预应力锚索单位长度锚固力确定最优方位角的探讨[J].岩土工程界,2006,(6):64～65
[27]熊文林,何则干,陈胜宏.边坡加固中预应力锚索方向角的优化设计[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,(7):2260～2265
[28]北京市海淀区农林委森林公安处.关于香山防火路治理的要求[M].2006
[29]北京海淀区四季青林业工作站.香山防火路地质灾害勘查委托书[M].北京:中地公司,2007
[30] Barton N, Lien R, Lunde J. Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support[J]. J. Rock Mech., 1974, 6(4): 189–236
[31] Bieniawski Z T. Engineering rock mass classifications: a complete manual for engineers and geologists in mining, civil and petroleum engineering[J]. New York: Wiley, 1989,215
[32]北京市地质调查所区调一队.石景山幅、良乡幅1:50000区域地质调查(联测)说明书.北京:北京市地质矿产局,1993
[33]北京地质矿产局.北京水文地质图集.北京:地质出版社,1992
[34] Bieniawski Z T. Classification of rock masses for engineering: the RMR system and future trends. In: Hudson J A, editor. Comprehensive rock engineering, vol. 3. UK: Pergamon Press; 1993, 553–573
[35]中华人民共和国国土资源部.DZ/T 0219—2006.滑坡防治工程设计与施工技术规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国国土资源部,2006
[36]孙凯,孙玥.拉力型也压力性预应力锚索受力分析及工程应用[J].预应力技术,2007,(3):25～29
[37]谭建国,祁志强,曹继军.三峡库区地质灾害治理中预应力锚索施工的技术难点与对策[J].探矿工程,2005,(增):184～186
[38]王景强,郝亚军.锚索施工中各工序的注意事项[J].探矿工程,2004,(7):13～14
[39]张德圣,龚发熊,刘士林等.小湾电站预应力锚索施工常见问题初步探讨[J].施工技术,2006,(9):67～70
[40]珠晗迓,孙红月,汪会帮,等.边坡加固锚索预应力变化规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,(8):2756～2760
[41]王福来,凤峰.锚索预应力损失原因及防治措施[J].安徽水利水电职业技术学院学报,2008,(3):16～18
[42]王敏,张有为.高速公路边坡锚索预应力损失研究与对策[J].山西建筑,2007,(10):299～300