火电厂净水站排泥水回用及污泥处置研究
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摘要
本课题来源于“火力发电厂水系统零排放项目”之子项“火电厂净水站零排放项目”,以重庆某火电厂净水站排泥水处理系统为研究对象,主要研究内容为排泥水回用与污泥处置。电厂净水站排泥水主要来自于沉淀池或澄清池的排泥废水和滤池的反冲洗废水,这部分水量若不经处理直接排放不但污染环境而且造成水资源浪费。因此,排泥水的回用及污泥的资源化处置已经越来越受到重视。
目前,电厂净水站排泥水处理系统的设计一般借鉴给水厂排泥水处理及污泥处置的研究结果和实践经验。然而火电厂净水站存在分质、分量供水的问题,其净水工艺与传统给水厂净水工艺存在差异,排泥水处理流程也有所不同。论文在对现有给水厂排泥水及污泥处置工艺流程研究和工程运用分析的基础上,从生产性和实用性的角度出发,结合该火电厂的实际情况,优选和确定符合电厂“零排放”要求的排泥水及污泥处理工艺,并对污泥最终的资源化处置进行分析。
排泥水回用及污泥处置研究首先应确定排泥水和污泥的性质以及所产生的排泥废水和污泥量。试验研究表明,该净水站水源水悬浮固体含量与源水浊度存在函数关系,经计算其比例关系为1:1.6。通过对源水浊度区间的正态分布计算,确定在95%的保证率下,源水设计浊度值为85NTU。根据悬浮物与浊度比例关系以及源水设计值可以计算出脱水干污泥量,当净水站取水量为3万m3/d时,日产干泥量约为4.6吨/天。排泥水量则由现场测定得出,约为526m3/d,约占日产水量的3%,
通过排泥水自然沉淀和混凝沉淀试验,确定浓缩池上清液回流比为约5%。在该回流比下运行,浓缩池上清液的回流不会过度增加净水流程负担,对澄清池及过滤器出水水质影响较小,可以实现排泥废水的回用。同时采用聚丙烯酰胺提高排泥水浓缩性能及底泥含固率,以达到离心脱水机的进泥要求。当排泥废水含固率为2.1%时,最佳投药率约为1.7‰~2‰。
最后,对排泥水系统进行经济分析。虽然排泥水处理系统投资较大,但年收益与年成本费基本持平。因此排泥水处理及污泥处置系统的运行不会给企业造成负担,同时还带来了一定的环境和社会效益。
This study is based on“the zero discharge project of water treatment department of Hechuan electric power industry.”the wastewater from water treatment process has been studied. The wastewater consists of the sludge flushed out from the sedimentation tanks and the backwash water disposed from the filter beds. If this part of water is discharge into river where the raw water pumped from, it would pollute the raw water. Recently, wastewater and sludge from waterworks have been valued. Although wastewater treatment facilities in water plant have been constructed and studied, there is still lack of sufficient studies on wastewater treatment facilities in water department in power plant. To solve these problems, the practical and feasible waterworks’wastewater treatment process and system have been studied in details in this paper.
Through one year’s experience, the suspended sedimentation concentration and turbidity has been tested and their proportion relation has been confirmed. The proportion relation between SS and turbidity is 2:1. According to the statistical results of turbidity intervals, the mathematic model has been built to determine the value of raw turbidity. In this case, the raw turbidity can be used to calculate the quantity of sludge. The quantity of wastewater has been calculated based on the actual operation of water treatment process. And then, simulate test was adopted to do the sludge natural settling and coagulation sedimentation test, which can be used to determine the reflux ration of supernatant fluid in the concentration tank. The quality of supernatant fluid from concentration tank and the dewatered sludge has been tested to discuss whether the supernatant fluid as well as the sludge can be reused or not. Finally, through economic analysis, the input and output of whole project have been calculated.
The research results show that, because of the feature of water supply department of power plant, the quantity of dewatered sludge is lesser than that in water treatment plant. The proportion between the quantity of dewatered sludge and in taking water is about 3%. The performance of sludge setting is good for sludge treatment. Supernatant fluid from concentration tank can be reused, which would not increase the burden of water treatment process or influent the effluent water quality. The heavy metal contains in dewatered sludge accord with national standard, so it can be used as turf soil. Although the input of waterworks wastewater treatment project is enormous, the cost of water purification and wastewater discharge can be saved. We can conclude that this project can bring about huge environmental, social benefit as well as economic benefit.
目前,电厂净水站排泥水处理系统的设计一般借鉴给水厂排泥水处理及污泥处置的研究结果和实践经验。然而火电厂净水站存在分质、分量供水的问题,其净水工艺与传统给水厂净水工艺存在差异,排泥水处理流程也有所不同。论文在对现有给水厂排泥水及污泥处置工艺流程研究和工程运用分析的基础上,从生产性和实用性的角度出发,结合该火电厂的实际情况,优选和确定符合电厂“零排放”要求的排泥水及污泥处理工艺,并对污泥最终的资源化处置进行分析。
排泥水回用及污泥处置研究首先应确定排泥水和污泥的性质以及所产生的排泥废水和污泥量。试验研究表明,该净水站水源水悬浮固体含量与源水浊度存在函数关系,经计算其比例关系为1:1.6。通过对源水浊度区间的正态分布计算,确定在95%的保证率下,源水设计浊度值为85NTU。根据悬浮物与浊度比例关系以及源水设计值可以计算出脱水干污泥量,当净水站取水量为3万m3/d时,日产干泥量约为4.6吨/天。排泥水量则由现场测定得出,约为526m3/d,约占日产水量的3%,
通过排泥水自然沉淀和混凝沉淀试验,确定浓缩池上清液回流比为约5%。在该回流比下运行,浓缩池上清液的回流不会过度增加净水流程负担,对澄清池及过滤器出水水质影响较小,可以实现排泥废水的回用。同时采用聚丙烯酰胺提高排泥水浓缩性能及底泥含固率,以达到离心脱水机的进泥要求。当排泥废水含固率为2.1%时,最佳投药率约为1.7‰~2‰。
最后,对排泥水系统进行经济分析。虽然排泥水处理系统投资较大,但年收益与年成本费基本持平。因此排泥水处理及污泥处置系统的运行不会给企业造成负担,同时还带来了一定的环境和社会效益。
This study is based on“the zero discharge project of water treatment department of Hechuan electric power industry.”the wastewater from water treatment process has been studied. The wastewater consists of the sludge flushed out from the sedimentation tanks and the backwash water disposed from the filter beds. If this part of water is discharge into river where the raw water pumped from, it would pollute the raw water. Recently, wastewater and sludge from waterworks have been valued. Although wastewater treatment facilities in water plant have been constructed and studied, there is still lack of sufficient studies on wastewater treatment facilities in water department in power plant. To solve these problems, the practical and feasible waterworks’wastewater treatment process and system have been studied in details in this paper.
Through one year’s experience, the suspended sedimentation concentration and turbidity has been tested and their proportion relation has been confirmed. The proportion relation between SS and turbidity is 2:1. According to the statistical results of turbidity intervals, the mathematic model has been built to determine the value of raw turbidity. In this case, the raw turbidity can be used to calculate the quantity of sludge. The quantity of wastewater has been calculated based on the actual operation of water treatment process. And then, simulate test was adopted to do the sludge natural settling and coagulation sedimentation test, which can be used to determine the reflux ration of supernatant fluid in the concentration tank. The quality of supernatant fluid from concentration tank and the dewatered sludge has been tested to discuss whether the supernatant fluid as well as the sludge can be reused or not. Finally, through economic analysis, the input and output of whole project have been calculated.
The research results show that, because of the feature of water supply department of power plant, the quantity of dewatered sludge is lesser than that in water treatment plant. The proportion between the quantity of dewatered sludge and in taking water is about 3%. The performance of sludge setting is good for sludge treatment. Supernatant fluid from concentration tank can be reused, which would not increase the burden of water treatment process or influent the effluent water quality. The heavy metal contains in dewatered sludge accord with national standard, so it can be used as turf soil. Although the input of waterworks wastewater treatment project is enormous, the cost of water purification and wastewater discharge can be saved. We can conclude that this project can bring about huge environmental, social benefit as well as economic benefit.
引文
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