基于直觉设计方法的产品设计应用研究
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摘要
产品设计发展到现在,简单的造型美观、功能合理等已经不能满足消费者的需求了,设计师提出了更高的设计目标。产品功能复杂度与人类有限的信息处理能力之间的矛盾日趋激化,优化产品造型提高使用者认知能力,对产品的使用方式做出自然迅速、依靠直觉的反应,这种利用用户与产品之间的“直觉”反应的设计方法将成为引领未来产品设计的设计思想。
随着设计心理学的不断发展,我们逐渐认识到以人为本的设计方法的重要性。直觉设计是以人为本的设计方法,直觉设计的理论意义在于研究人类无意识行为形成的依据,丰富了现有的设计理论,开辟了一个新的设计研究领域。直觉设计要求设计师从抓住生活中看似平常的人与物之间的联系,提炼出让使用者不假思索就能理解的元素并将这些元素应用到设计中。直觉设计发现无意识行为背后的各种诉求,唤起了人们对新产品的熟悉感,丰富了我们的设计依据和来源。
本文分析了人类无意识行为的产生原因和对无意识行为进行分类,讨论了直觉设计的相关理论,涵盖了直觉认知心理、情感化设计、感性设计、产品语义学和人性化设计等产品设计的方法,并对直觉设计的设计流程进行了总结。在本论文中,通过一个详细案例——家用便携式脂肪测量仪的设计作为尝试,从研究用户行为出发,阐释了符合直觉设计思想的设计方法,结合第三章所论述的理论、原则,与第四章的直觉设计方法,较详尽地介绍了脂肪测量仪的设计过程。文章中分析了脂肪测量仪的工作原理和设计要素,并对目标人群的无意识行为和相关经验行为进行了观察记录并做出了分析,最后将这些结论应用到了家用脂肪测量仪的设计中。
通过对直觉设计的研究以及运用直觉设计方法设计产品,我们逐渐认识到直觉设计是以人为本的设计方法,在日趋个性化,情感化的消费市场,消费者在注重产品质量的同时更加注重情感的愉悦和满足。直觉设计着重研究物与人之间的协调关系,设计过程中注重人类行为研究,直觉设计这种设计方法改变了我们一贯将设计的重点放在产品上而通常忽视使用产品的人的因素。通过研究人们日常生活中的无意识行为,对我们了解人类需求有着非常重要的意义,丰富了我们设计的依据和来源。本文对家用医疗设备的设计提出了具有现实意义的新方向,将研究的成果运用到家用脂肪测量仪的设计中,本文实现了理论与实践相结合,体现了直觉设计研究的价值。
With the developing of products design, appearance and function cannot satiated people's psychological demands, designers set higher goals of prducts design. The imbalance has worsened between rich function of products and the weak Capability of users, optimize products appearance, to improve users'abilities of use the products themselves, make the users use products by natural and intuition thinking, this kind of design philosophy well lead future product design.
Accompany with the developing of the design psychology, we are aware of "people oriented" is the most important way of design. Intuition design is a Design Method based on people oriented. Theoretical significance of intuition design is discuss Human unconscious behavior, it is enrich the design methods, developing a new field of products design. Intuition design research the normal action of human, when they use everyday things. These actions will be used in products design, so they can understand the function of products without thought. Intuition design discover every demand behind unconscious actions, draw familiarity feeling of new products, it enrich the resources of design.
This paper analyzes the causes of human unconscious actions, and also classified the human unconscious actions, then discuss the related theory and products design principles, it covers the methods and principles of products design, included the intuition cognitive psychological, emotional design, kansei design, product semantics, humanized design method and so on, and summarized the design process of intuition design. In this paper, thought a case of household portable fat determination system as an attempt, research starting from users behaviors, according with intuitive design method, and in combine with the theories, principles and methods which the third chapter was discussed, it introduces the design process of household portable fat determination system in details. It analyzes the household portable fat determination system working principle and design elements, and also analyzes the unconscious actions and experience behaviors of target population, finally applied these conclusions to household fat measuring instrument design.
Through the research of intuition design and using intuitive design method to a product design, we come to realize that intuitive design is a people-oriented design method, in the increasingly personalized and emotional consumer markets, consumers pay more attention to product quality and emotional satisfaction. Intuitive design focuses on the relationship between products and human, it pays more attention on the research of human behaviors, this design method changed our design method from products factors to human factors. Through the study of people's unconscious action in daily life, it is important to understand human behavior, and it also enrich our design source. In this paper has submitted opinions on household medical equipment design. Apply the researches achievement to the design of household portable fat determination system, it combination the theory and the practice, which reflects the research value of intuitive design.
随着设计心理学的不断发展,我们逐渐认识到以人为本的设计方法的重要性。直觉设计是以人为本的设计方法,直觉设计的理论意义在于研究人类无意识行为形成的依据,丰富了现有的设计理论,开辟了一个新的设计研究领域。直觉设计要求设计师从抓住生活中看似平常的人与物之间的联系,提炼出让使用者不假思索就能理解的元素并将这些元素应用到设计中。直觉设计发现无意识行为背后的各种诉求,唤起了人们对新产品的熟悉感,丰富了我们的设计依据和来源。
本文分析了人类无意识行为的产生原因和对无意识行为进行分类,讨论了直觉设计的相关理论,涵盖了直觉认知心理、情感化设计、感性设计、产品语义学和人性化设计等产品设计的方法,并对直觉设计的设计流程进行了总结。在本论文中,通过一个详细案例——家用便携式脂肪测量仪的设计作为尝试,从研究用户行为出发,阐释了符合直觉设计思想的设计方法,结合第三章所论述的理论、原则,与第四章的直觉设计方法,较详尽地介绍了脂肪测量仪的设计过程。文章中分析了脂肪测量仪的工作原理和设计要素,并对目标人群的无意识行为和相关经验行为进行了观察记录并做出了分析,最后将这些结论应用到了家用脂肪测量仪的设计中。
通过对直觉设计的研究以及运用直觉设计方法设计产品,我们逐渐认识到直觉设计是以人为本的设计方法,在日趋个性化,情感化的消费市场,消费者在注重产品质量的同时更加注重情感的愉悦和满足。直觉设计着重研究物与人之间的协调关系,设计过程中注重人类行为研究,直觉设计这种设计方法改变了我们一贯将设计的重点放在产品上而通常忽视使用产品的人的因素。通过研究人们日常生活中的无意识行为,对我们了解人类需求有着非常重要的意义,丰富了我们设计的依据和来源。本文对家用医疗设备的设计提出了具有现实意义的新方向,将研究的成果运用到家用脂肪测量仪的设计中,本文实现了理论与实践相结合,体现了直觉设计研究的价值。
With the developing of products design, appearance and function cannot satiated people's psychological demands, designers set higher goals of prducts design. The imbalance has worsened between rich function of products and the weak Capability of users, optimize products appearance, to improve users'abilities of use the products themselves, make the users use products by natural and intuition thinking, this kind of design philosophy well lead future product design.
Accompany with the developing of the design psychology, we are aware of "people oriented" is the most important way of design. Intuition design is a Design Method based on people oriented. Theoretical significance of intuition design is discuss Human unconscious behavior, it is enrich the design methods, developing a new field of products design. Intuition design research the normal action of human, when they use everyday things. These actions will be used in products design, so they can understand the function of products without thought. Intuition design discover every demand behind unconscious actions, draw familiarity feeling of new products, it enrich the resources of design.
This paper analyzes the causes of human unconscious actions, and also classified the human unconscious actions, then discuss the related theory and products design principles, it covers the methods and principles of products design, included the intuition cognitive psychological, emotional design, kansei design, product semantics, humanized design method and so on, and summarized the design process of intuition design. In this paper, thought a case of household portable fat determination system as an attempt, research starting from users behaviors, according with intuitive design method, and in combine with the theories, principles and methods which the third chapter was discussed, it introduces the design process of household portable fat determination system in details. It analyzes the household portable fat determination system working principle and design elements, and also analyzes the unconscious actions and experience behaviors of target population, finally applied these conclusions to household fat measuring instrument design.
Through the research of intuition design and using intuitive design method to a product design, we come to realize that intuitive design is a people-oriented design method, in the increasingly personalized and emotional consumer markets, consumers pay more attention to product quality and emotional satisfaction. Intuitive design focuses on the relationship between products and human, it pays more attention on the research of human behaviors, this design method changed our design method from products factors to human factors. Through the study of people's unconscious action in daily life, it is important to understand human behavior, and it also enrich our design source. In this paper has submitted opinions on household medical equipment design. Apply the researches achievement to the design of household portable fat determination system, it combination the theory and the practice, which reflects the research value of intuitive design.
引文
[1]薄荣睿GD、IDEA、IF的产品造型意象与造型特征——以ALESS产品为例[D].铭傅大学硕士毕业论文,2005：16-18
[2]张明.原创的思辨——工业设计二题[J].南京艺术学院学报.2008,2(6)：4-5
[3]施琦.直觉设计——激光设备设计研究[D].湖北工业大学硕士毕业论文,2008：10-12，34-37
[4]朱婷.论直觉设计的回归特征[J].科技信息.2008,6(12)：124-125
[5]梁莹莹.感性设计方法应用研究[D].山东大学硕士毕业论文,2009：23-24,37-39
[6]魏小鹏,赵婷婷.基于直觉认知模型的创新设计方法[J].计算机集成制造系统.2005,11(1)：87-88
[7]赵凯龄.设计改变生活——对于生活的再设计[J].成才之路.2009,2(14)：112-114
[8]钱珏.产品材料质感的语义研究[D].江南大学硕士毕业论文,2006：43-44
[9]萧嘉欣,蒋雯.基于人体脂肪测量仪的易用性设计方法[J].包装工程.2009,3(7)：67-67
[10]吴冬玲.浅析日用品设计中的情感化设计[J].机械制造及研究.2007,4(5)：66-68
[11]王秋菊.包装设计中商品信息的有效传达[D].天津工业大学硕士毕业论文,2009：22-23
[12]陈险峰,李正.潜在设计初探[J].南方建筑.2004,4(5)：124-125
[13]马学良.产品语义研究在工业设计中的应用[D].山东大学硕士毕业论文,2008：12-14.41-42
[14]王焱.评析四种不同的设计方法论[J].南京艺术学院学报：美术与设计版.2010,2(3)：67-68
[15]欧阳波.用户研究和用户体验设计[J].江苏大学学报：自然科学版.2006,2(6)：4
[16]杨民等.攻心产品设计方法[J].包装工程.2005,6(8)：151-152
[17]唐纳德A诺曼.设计心理学[M].梅琼.北京：中信出版社,2010：90-93
[18]朱欣子.家用医疗产品的无障碍设计[J].科教文汇.2008,14(5)：34-35
[19]王勇.包豪斯工业设计思想研究[D].山东大学硕士毕业论文,2008：26-27
[20]孙青.基于意向的产品造型设计方法研究[D].武汉理工大学博士毕业论文,2007：34-36
[21]菇明振,张耀仁,陈勇廷.产品触觉意向的探讨——以握杯为例[C].台湾感性工学研讨会,東海大學,2010.台湾台中：142-144
[22]原战哉.设计中的设计[M].朱锷.济南：山东人民出版社,2006：134-137
[23]费钎,李世国.下意识行为在交互设计中的价值[J].包装工程.2009,02(5)：123-124
[24]朱上上.基于知识的产品造型设计技术研究[D].浙江大学博士毕业论文,2003：15-16，41-42
[25]黄燕妮.回归产品设计的本源——浅析深泽直人的设计思想和设计实践[J].装饰.2008,11(6)：142-143
[27]朱琪琪.产品设计中的用户体验研究[D].江南大学硕士毕业论文,2008：22-24.
[28]王烁.直觉化交互设计研究——以家庭数字相册交互系统设计为例[D].清华大学硕士毕业论文,2008：35-37
[29]唐纳德A诺曼.情感化设计[M].付秋芳,程进三.北京：电子工业出版社,2005：231-233
[30]李叶林.产品设计中人与物交流之研究[D].山东大学硕士毕业论文,2008：22-23
[31]P. Pete Chong;Ming Chang. An intuitive methodology for website design[J]. International Journal of Innovation and Learning.2006,3(4):427
[32]Michael Tovey.Styling and design:intuition and analysis in industrial design[J]. Design Studies.1997,18(1):5
[33]Everyday Engineering:What Engineers See[M]. IDEO, Andrew Burroughs. American:Chronicle Books,2007:66-68
[34]Jennifer Hudson.1000 New Designs And Where To Find Them[M]. Laurence King Publishing,2006:132-133
[35]Jordan, P.W.. Designing Pleasurable Products[M]. Robin Landa. London:Delmar, 2005:167-170
[36]Jean Wells. Intuitive Color & Design:Adventures in Art Quilting[M]. C & T PUB,2009:132-133
[37]The thoughtless arts:Observations on Intuitive Design[M]. IDEO. American: Chronicle Books,2005:1-3,25-28
[38]Cristian Campos. Product Design Now:Renderings [M]. Collins Design,2010: 67-68
[39]Lucie Smith, Edward. A History of Industrial Design[M]. Phaidon,1983:71-73.
[40]Michael Tovey. Intuitive and objective processes in automotive design[J]. Design Studies.1992,13(1):23
[41]H. Sanoff. User needs programme for a research facility[J]. Design Studies.1985, 6(4):187
[42]Aaron Marcus. Metaphor Design for User Interfaces[C].In Proc of CHI'98, Los Angeles,1998:129-130
[43]Allan Kudhinsky, Celine Pering, Michael. L. Creech.Fofofile:A Consumer Multimedia Organization and Retrieval System[C].In Proc of CHI99, Pennsylvania, 1999:322
[44]A. Druin, J. Montemayor, B. McAlister. Designing PETS:A personal Electronic Teller of Stories[C]. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems,1998.:ACM Press,1998:21
[45]Poteet, David. The Strategic Value of User Experience[J]. Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine.2010,33(1):15-25
[46]Andruid Kerne. Collage Machine:A Model of "Interface Ecology" [D]. New York University, May 2001:67
[47]Caroline Hummels, Gerda Smets, Kees Overbeeke. An Intuitive Two-handed Gestural Interface for Computer Supported Product Design[J]. Journal of KISS.1997: 403
[48]Knapheide, Claus. User Experience Design - Geschaftsmodelle und User Experience Design[J] IM -MUNCHEN-.2005,20(4):63-69
[49]Tidwell. Designing Interfaces[M]. Pennsylvania:O'REILLY & ASSOC INC, 2010:143-145
[50]Patrick W. Jordan. Designing Pleasurable Products[M]. State of Florida: Pennsylvania:CRC PRESS,2002:35-38
[2]张明.原创的思辨——工业设计二题[J].南京艺术学院学报.2008,2(6)：4-5
[3]施琦.直觉设计——激光设备设计研究[D].湖北工业大学硕士毕业论文,2008：10-12，34-37
[4]朱婷.论直觉设计的回归特征[J].科技信息.2008,6(12)：124-125
[5]梁莹莹.感性设计方法应用研究[D].山东大学硕士毕业论文,2009：23-24,37-39
[6]魏小鹏,赵婷婷.基于直觉认知模型的创新设计方法[J].计算机集成制造系统.2005,11(1)：87-88
[7]赵凯龄.设计改变生活——对于生活的再设计[J].成才之路.2009,2(14)：112-114
[8]钱珏.产品材料质感的语义研究[D].江南大学硕士毕业论文,2006：43-44
[9]萧嘉欣,蒋雯.基于人体脂肪测量仪的易用性设计方法[J].包装工程.2009,3(7)：67-67
[10]吴冬玲.浅析日用品设计中的情感化设计[J].机械制造及研究.2007,4(5)：66-68
[11]王秋菊.包装设计中商品信息的有效传达[D].天津工业大学硕士毕业论文,2009：22-23
[12]陈险峰,李正.潜在设计初探[J].南方建筑.2004,4(5)：124-125
[13]马学良.产品语义研究在工业设计中的应用[D].山东大学硕士毕业论文,2008：12-14.41-42
[14]王焱.评析四种不同的设计方法论[J].南京艺术学院学报：美术与设计版.2010,2(3)：67-68
[15]欧阳波.用户研究和用户体验设计[J].江苏大学学报：自然科学版.2006,2(6)：4
[16]杨民等.攻心产品设计方法[J].包装工程.2005,6(8)：151-152
[17]唐纳德A诺曼.设计心理学[M].梅琼.北京：中信出版社,2010：90-93
[18]朱欣子.家用医疗产品的无障碍设计[J].科教文汇.2008,14(5)：34-35
[19]王勇.包豪斯工业设计思想研究[D].山东大学硕士毕业论文,2008：26-27
[20]孙青.基于意向的产品造型设计方法研究[D].武汉理工大学博士毕业论文,2007：34-36
[21]菇明振,张耀仁,陈勇廷.产品触觉意向的探讨——以握杯为例[C].台湾感性工学研讨会,東海大學,2010.台湾台中：142-144
[22]原战哉.设计中的设计[M].朱锷.济南：山东人民出版社,2006：134-137
[23]费钎,李世国.下意识行为在交互设计中的价值[J].包装工程.2009,02(5)：123-124
[24]朱上上.基于知识的产品造型设计技术研究[D].浙江大学博士毕业论文,2003：15-16，41-42
[25]黄燕妮.回归产品设计的本源——浅析深泽直人的设计思想和设计实践[J].装饰.2008,11(6)：142-143
[27]朱琪琪.产品设计中的用户体验研究[D].江南大学硕士毕业论文,2008：22-24.
[28]王烁.直觉化交互设计研究——以家庭数字相册交互系统设计为例[D].清华大学硕士毕业论文,2008：35-37
[29]唐纳德A诺曼.情感化设计[M].付秋芳,程进三.北京：电子工业出版社,2005：231-233
[30]李叶林.产品设计中人与物交流之研究[D].山东大学硕士毕业论文,2008：22-23
[31]P. Pete Chong;Ming Chang. An intuitive methodology for website design[J]. International Journal of Innovation and Learning.2006,3(4):427
[32]Michael Tovey.Styling and design:intuition and analysis in industrial design[J]. Design Studies.1997,18(1):5
[33]Everyday Engineering:What Engineers See[M]. IDEO, Andrew Burroughs. American:Chronicle Books,2007:66-68
[34]Jennifer Hudson.1000 New Designs And Where To Find Them[M]. Laurence King Publishing,2006:132-133
[35]Jordan, P.W.. Designing Pleasurable Products[M]. Robin Landa. London:Delmar, 2005:167-170
[36]Jean Wells. Intuitive Color & Design:Adventures in Art Quilting[M]. C & T PUB,2009:132-133
[37]The thoughtless arts:Observations on Intuitive Design[M]. IDEO. American: Chronicle Books,2005:1-3,25-28
[38]Cristian Campos. Product Design Now:Renderings [M]. Collins Design,2010: 67-68
[39]Lucie Smith, Edward. A History of Industrial Design[M]. Phaidon,1983:71-73.
[40]Michael Tovey. Intuitive and objective processes in automotive design[J]. Design Studies.1992,13(1):23
[41]H. Sanoff. User needs programme for a research facility[J]. Design Studies.1985, 6(4):187
[42]Aaron Marcus. Metaphor Design for User Interfaces[C].In Proc of CHI'98, Los Angeles,1998:129-130
[43]Allan Kudhinsky, Celine Pering, Michael. L. Creech.Fofofile:A Consumer Multimedia Organization and Retrieval System[C].In Proc of CHI99, Pennsylvania, 1999:322
[44]A. Druin, J. Montemayor, B. McAlister. Designing PETS:A personal Electronic Teller of Stories[C]. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems,1998.:ACM Press,1998:21
[45]Poteet, David. The Strategic Value of User Experience[J]. Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine.2010,33(1):15-25
[46]Andruid Kerne. Collage Machine:A Model of "Interface Ecology" [D]. New York University, May 2001:67
[47]Caroline Hummels, Gerda Smets, Kees Overbeeke. An Intuitive Two-handed Gestural Interface for Computer Supported Product Design[J]. Journal of KISS.1997: 403
[48]Knapheide, Claus. User Experience Design - Geschaftsmodelle und User Experience Design[J] IM -MUNCHEN-.2005,20(4):63-69
[49]Tidwell. Designing Interfaces[M]. Pennsylvania:O'REILLY & ASSOC INC, 2010:143-145
[50]Patrick W. Jordan. Designing Pleasurable Products[M]. State of Florida: Pennsylvania:CRC PRESS,2002:35-38
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