鞍山商品住宅小区人居环境评价研究及优化方案
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摘要
在改革开放30年后的今天,我们可取得巨大的成就。在中国市场化的进程中,房地产、教育和医疗对人们的生活影响较为直接并且十分重大,这些领域的市场过程出现的问题并引起的争论也相对更多。特别是由于房地产产业具有着生活必须品和投资品的双重特性,对生产、生活以及经济的发展有着不可替代的影响。房地产进入快速发展阶段,在不到10年的时间里,大量资金、技术、人力和土地资源被高效地整合起来,全国每年新增的城镇住宅面积在数亿平方米以上,使得我国人均住房面积得以快速提升,住房质量有了较大改善,也推动了城镇化和城市现代化的进程,在取得成就的同时,其市场过程中所引发的问题也触目即是。如土地供应矛盾、生态环境的破坏、社区规划不合理、建筑施工质量难以保证、户型设计缺少人性化以及物业管理不完善等。此类问题不解决,不但会影响到人类居住的舒适度,同时难以实现可持续发展的宜人的居住环境。因此,对人类居住环境的研究势在必行。
“人居环境科学”概念,是在二战之后由希腊学者道萨迪亚斯就提出。我国关于人居环境评价研究是在近几年随着房地产事业的急速发展,才逐渐被大家所重视。其研究的层面多涉足于宏观和中观方向,对日益增多的商品住宅小区的研究尚待进一步探索及研究。
借此,在社会多单位和学校的协同下,笔者通过3年的学习和实地实践,对鞍山市房地产市场进行了了2年多的市场调查和资料信息汇总、分析、总结,了解到鞍山市近2年的市场动态发展情况、对各区域中典型商品住宅小区进行了全程调研和跟踪,系统的分析了住宅小区外部环境的变更和小区内部环境的特征分析,如规划、户型设计、内部景观、物业服务及邻里关系等,以及发展过程中所引发的相关人居问题,并针对相应问题,依据市场和客户情况,从实际上,提出优化方案和具体的可行性措施。在本文的具体操作上,笔者依据实地经验,从不同区域选择若干具体代表性的商品住宅小区作为研究样本,通过持续性的市场调研、阶段性的问卷调查和客户访谈,将数据和信息汇总,运用层次分析法、主成分分析法等数学方法对人居环境进行评价,从不同方向对评价结果进行分析,对存有的问题提出优化方案和可行性措施,以提高和升级鞍山市商品房住宅小区人居环境的质量。
人居的适宜性是人类不可回避的首要问题和基础性问题,在城市发展和整个人类社会来说,是重要的课题之一。本文的研究结果,期望能对鞍山的房地产事业做出一点微薄的贡献,对各涉足房地产的政府部门和开发商做以信息参考,更为鞍山市住房消费者提供重要的参考价值和评价标准。
In the reform and opening up 30 years later, we can obtain great achievements. In the process of China's market, real estate, education and health care impact on the life on people's more direct and very significant, these markets Guocheng emerging issues and heated debates Xiangdui more. Particularly because of the real estate industry has the necessities of life and the dual character of investment goods, production, life and economic development of irreplaceable. Real estate into the rapid development stage, in less than 10 years, the large amount of capital, technology, manpower and land resources are efficiently integrated to new cities and towns nationwide each year in hundreds of millions of square meters of residential area, making China's per capita housing area to quickly upgrade the quality of housing has greatly improved, also contributed to urbanization and urban modernization process, while the achievements of its market in the course of the problem caused by too striking is yes. Conflicts such as land supply, ecological damage to the environment, community planning and inadequate quality of construction is difficult to guarantee, room design and property management lack of human imperfection. Such problems are not resolved, will not only affect human living in comfort, while difficult to achieve sustainable development in a pleasant living environment. Therefore, the living environment of the human imperative.
"Science of Human Settlements" concept after World War II by the Greek scholar Road Sadiyasi proposed. China's environmental assessment study on human settlements in recent years with the rapid development of the real estate business only began to be valued by everyone. The study involved more than the level of macro-and meso in the direction of the growing number of residential quarters of the goods pending further exploration and research.
In this way, many units in the community and school collaboration, the author through three years of study and field practice, Anshan City real estate market of 2 years of market research and data and information aggregated, analyzed and summarized, understand Anshan City nearly two years, the development of the market dynamics of the typical commercial residential district in the region were full investigation and tracking, a systematic analysis of the residential area of the external environment changes and cell characteristics of the internal environment, such as planning, house design, internal landscape, property services and neighborhood relations, and the development of process-induced-related habitat issues, and for the corresponding problem, according to market conditions and customers, from the fact, the proposed optimization program and the feasibility of specific measures. The specific operation of this article, the author based on field experience, choose from a number of specific representation of different regions of commercial residential district as a sample, through continuous market research, survey stage and customer interviews, the data and information aggregated AHP, principal component analysis and other mathematical methods to evaluate the living environment, from different directions on the evaluation results were analyzed, there are the issues on the optimization program and the feasibility of measures to improve and upgrade commercial housing units in Anshan City Habitat quality of the environment.
Habitat suitability is the most important human issues and can not be avoided basic issues, urban development and the entire human society, is one of important issues. The study results, look forward to the real estate business in Anshan make a modest contribution to the various government departments involved in real estate and developers to do with the information for reference, more housing consumers Anshan important reference value and evaluation standard.
“人居环境科学”概念,是在二战之后由希腊学者道萨迪亚斯就提出。我国关于人居环境评价研究是在近几年随着房地产事业的急速发展,才逐渐被大家所重视。其研究的层面多涉足于宏观和中观方向,对日益增多的商品住宅小区的研究尚待进一步探索及研究。
借此,在社会多单位和学校的协同下,笔者通过3年的学习和实地实践,对鞍山市房地产市场进行了了2年多的市场调查和资料信息汇总、分析、总结,了解到鞍山市近2年的市场动态发展情况、对各区域中典型商品住宅小区进行了全程调研和跟踪,系统的分析了住宅小区外部环境的变更和小区内部环境的特征分析,如规划、户型设计、内部景观、物业服务及邻里关系等,以及发展过程中所引发的相关人居问题,并针对相应问题,依据市场和客户情况,从实际上,提出优化方案和具体的可行性措施。在本文的具体操作上,笔者依据实地经验,从不同区域选择若干具体代表性的商品住宅小区作为研究样本,通过持续性的市场调研、阶段性的问卷调查和客户访谈,将数据和信息汇总,运用层次分析法、主成分分析法等数学方法对人居环境进行评价,从不同方向对评价结果进行分析,对存有的问题提出优化方案和可行性措施,以提高和升级鞍山市商品房住宅小区人居环境的质量。
人居的适宜性是人类不可回避的首要问题和基础性问题,在城市发展和整个人类社会来说,是重要的课题之一。本文的研究结果,期望能对鞍山的房地产事业做出一点微薄的贡献,对各涉足房地产的政府部门和开发商做以信息参考,更为鞍山市住房消费者提供重要的参考价值和评价标准。
In the reform and opening up 30 years later, we can obtain great achievements. In the process of China's market, real estate, education and health care impact on the life on people's more direct and very significant, these markets Guocheng emerging issues and heated debates Xiangdui more. Particularly because of the real estate industry has the necessities of life and the dual character of investment goods, production, life and economic development of irreplaceable. Real estate into the rapid development stage, in less than 10 years, the large amount of capital, technology, manpower and land resources are efficiently integrated to new cities and towns nationwide each year in hundreds of millions of square meters of residential area, making China's per capita housing area to quickly upgrade the quality of housing has greatly improved, also contributed to urbanization and urban modernization process, while the achievements of its market in the course of the problem caused by too striking is yes. Conflicts such as land supply, ecological damage to the environment, community planning and inadequate quality of construction is difficult to guarantee, room design and property management lack of human imperfection. Such problems are not resolved, will not only affect human living in comfort, while difficult to achieve sustainable development in a pleasant living environment. Therefore, the living environment of the human imperative.
"Science of Human Settlements" concept after World War II by the Greek scholar Road Sadiyasi proposed. China's environmental assessment study on human settlements in recent years with the rapid development of the real estate business only began to be valued by everyone. The study involved more than the level of macro-and meso in the direction of the growing number of residential quarters of the goods pending further exploration and research.
In this way, many units in the community and school collaboration, the author through three years of study and field practice, Anshan City real estate market of 2 years of market research and data and information aggregated, analyzed and summarized, understand Anshan City nearly two years, the development of the market dynamics of the typical commercial residential district in the region were full investigation and tracking, a systematic analysis of the residential area of the external environment changes and cell characteristics of the internal environment, such as planning, house design, internal landscape, property services and neighborhood relations, and the development of process-induced-related habitat issues, and for the corresponding problem, according to market conditions and customers, from the fact, the proposed optimization program and the feasibility of specific measures. The specific operation of this article, the author based on field experience, choose from a number of specific representation of different regions of commercial residential district as a sample, through continuous market research, survey stage and customer interviews, the data and information aggregated AHP, principal component analysis and other mathematical methods to evaluate the living environment, from different directions on the evaluation results were analyzed, there are the issues on the optimization program and the feasibility of measures to improve and upgrade commercial housing units in Anshan City Habitat quality of the environment.
Habitat suitability is the most important human issues and can not be avoided basic issues, urban development and the entire human society, is one of important issues. The study results, look forward to the real estate business in Anshan make a modest contribution to the various government departments involved in real estate and developers to do with the information for reference, more housing consumers Anshan important reference value and evaluation standard.
引文
[1]吴良镛.人居环境科学的探索.规划师,2001,17(6):5-8.
[2]李丽萍等.宜居城市建设研究.北京:经济日报出版社,2007:1-25.
[3] Knox, P.L Urban Social Geography, London Scientific&Technical,1995:82-96.
[4]安光义.人居环境科学.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.11(6):707-712.
[5] A. Catanese, J.Snyder. Urban Planning,Second Edition, 1988.
[6]朱锡金.21世纪人类生态住区规划述要.城市规划汇刊,1994,93:1-4.
[7] A.Gallion,S.Eisner.The Urban Pattern,5th Edition, 1986.
[8]陈浮.城市人居环境与满意度评价研究.城市规划,2000,24:25-27.
[8]范耀邦.邻里交往住宅设计小区规划.建筑师,1984,17:50-59.
[9] Curtis W Modern Architecture Since 1900.3rd ed.London:Phaidon Press,1996:341-352.
[10]国家环境保护局.GB 3095-1996.环境空气质量标准。北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996.
[11]李王鸣,叶信岳,孙于.城市人居环境评价——以杭州城市为例.经济地理,1999,19:38-43
[12]胡斌.关于生态住宅开发探讨.湖北工学院学报,2004.19:39-40.
[13]胡武贤,杨万住.中等城市人居环境评价研究——以常德市为例,现代城市研究,2004,19:39-41.
[14] Australia:State of the Environment 2001-human settlements. http://www. deh. gov.au /soe/,2004-5-16.
[15]中外人居环境理论与实践发展评述.浙江大学学报,2000,27:205-211.
[16]金经元.易斯.芒福德人本主义城市规划理论家.城市规划,1996,112:44-48.
[17] Curtis W Modern Architecture Since 1900.3rd ed.London:Phaidon Press,1996:341-352.
[18]李雪铭,张春花,张馨.城市化于城市人居环境关系的定量研究——以大连为例。中国人口资源与环境,2004,14:91-96.
[19]李雪铭,刘敬华.我国主要城市人居环境适宜居住的气候因子综合评价。经济地理,2003,23:656-660.
[20]林文棋.我国古代人居环境建设初探.城市规划汇刊,2001,1:1-25.
[21] Graphic Design USA: 18. New York:Watson-Guptill Publication.1998
[22]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50362-2005.住宅性评定技术标准.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[23] Michanel Laurie.An.Introduction to landscape Architecture,New York.Elsevier Science Publish co.Inc.1986:276-300.
[2]李丽萍等.宜居城市建设研究.北京:经济日报出版社,2007:1-25.
[3] Knox, P.L Urban Social Geography, London Scientific&Technical,1995:82-96.
[4]安光义.人居环境科学.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.11(6):707-712.
[5] A. Catanese, J.Snyder. Urban Planning,Second Edition, 1988.
[6]朱锡金.21世纪人类生态住区规划述要.城市规划汇刊,1994,93:1-4.
[7] A.Gallion,S.Eisner.The Urban Pattern,5th Edition, 1986.
[8]陈浮.城市人居环境与满意度评价研究.城市规划,2000,24:25-27.
[8]范耀邦.邻里交往住宅设计小区规划.建筑师,1984,17:50-59.
[9] Curtis W Modern Architecture Since 1900.3rd ed.London:Phaidon Press,1996:341-352.
[10]国家环境保护局.GB 3095-1996.环境空气质量标准。北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996.
[11]李王鸣,叶信岳,孙于.城市人居环境评价——以杭州城市为例.经济地理,1999,19:38-43
[12]胡斌.关于生态住宅开发探讨.湖北工学院学报,2004.19:39-40.
[13]胡武贤,杨万住.中等城市人居环境评价研究——以常德市为例,现代城市研究,2004,19:39-41.
[14] Australia:State of the Environment 2001-human settlements. http://www. deh. gov.au /soe/,2004-5-16.
[15]中外人居环境理论与实践发展评述.浙江大学学报,2000,27:205-211.
[16]金经元.易斯.芒福德人本主义城市规划理论家.城市规划,1996,112:44-48.
[17] Curtis W Modern Architecture Since 1900.3rd ed.London:Phaidon Press,1996:341-352.
[18]李雪铭,张春花,张馨.城市化于城市人居环境关系的定量研究——以大连为例。中国人口资源与环境,2004,14:91-96.
[19]李雪铭,刘敬华.我国主要城市人居环境适宜居住的气候因子综合评价。经济地理,2003,23:656-660.
[20]林文棋.我国古代人居环境建设初探.城市规划汇刊,2001,1:1-25.
[21] Graphic Design USA: 18. New York:Watson-Guptill Publication.1998
[22]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50362-2005.住宅性评定技术标准.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[23] Michanel Laurie.An.Introduction to landscape Architecture,New York.Elsevier Science Publish co.Inc.1986:276-300.
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