眼动分析用于景观视觉质量评价之初探
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摘要
景观的视觉质量评价是对旅游资源进行合理开发和利用的前提,各种评价方法各有其优势,但也显现出诸多不足的地方。
本文首次尝试将实验心理学的眼动分析方法引入景观视觉质量评价中,以甘肃省肃南地区的丹霞地貌景观为实证研究对象,通过“被试”对于该区域不同类型丹霞地貌景观单张图片和图片感兴趣区域(AOI)的眼动实测数据和主观评价数值的分析比较,试图探究客观的眼动分析方法用于景观视觉质量评价的可行性。
通过分析首先排除了同类景观不同图片给实验结果带来的影响,进而通过对不同类型的景观的单张图片和图片感兴趣区域(AOI)的眼动实测数据和主观评价数值的分析比较可知：对于单张图片,被试客观眼动数据中的注视频率、注视平均时长和注视时间比重等与其对图片主观评价总分的变化趋势有很好的相关性、基本保持一致,即总分越高,则注视频率越大,注视平均时长越长,注视时间比重越大；对于图片的感兴趣区域(AOI),被试客观眼动数据中的“按注视时间比重打分”、“按首次注视时长打分”和“注视频率”等与其主观评价打分的变化趋势也有很好的相关性、基本吻合,即主观评价越高,则注视时间的比重越大,首次注视时间的时长越长,注视频率越大。可见被试眼动实验中的注视过程与其主观评价具有很好的相关性。最后,通过因子分析和多元线性回归分析中的逐步回归分析方法也证实了这
结论,并得到了相关的回归模型,本文进而尝试提出了基于眼动分析的评价过程初步模型。由此可见,将眼动分析方法应用于景观视觉质量评价是可行的。
此外,文章还总结了不同性别的被试观察图片时的眼动特征,即女性在观察图片时明显仔细,获取更多的图片信息,而男性在获取图片信息时的努力程度和范罔上略强于女性。并且发现不同性别的被试对于不同类型地貌景观的喜好不同,即男女对彩色丘陵景观的兴趣均很大,而对于峡谷景观的兴趣均不大。对冰沟景观与窗棂式地貌景观的兴趣区别不大。其中,女性对于冰沟景观兴趣略大,而男性对于窗棂式地貌景观的兴趣略大。最后结合不同类型景观特点对其开发提出了一定的意见和建议。
Visual quality evaluation of landscape is the premise for developing and utilizing the tourist resources. Every means of evaluation has its own unique advantage, but still leaves much to be desired.
This paper attempts to introduce the eye analysis techniques of experimental psychology into the visual quality evaluation of landscape, takes the object of study by the landscape of Danxia landform in Sunan, Gansu. The author analyses the eye movement data and the subjective evaluation score of the "participants" to the single pictures and the AOI of the pictures in different types of landscape, and tries to probe the feasibility of eye analysis techniques used in the visual quality evaluation of landscape.
The bad influence which may be caused by the different picture could be neglected through analysis first. From the analysis to the eye movement data and the subjective evaluation score of the "participants" to the single pictures and the AOI of the pictures in different types of landscape,we can see that: For the single picture, the fixation frequency, fixation duration average and fixation proportion almost share the same change trend with the subjective evaluation score, that is, the higher of the subjective evaluation score, the bigger the fixation frequency, the longer the fixation duration, the bigger the fixation proportion. And for the AOI of the pictures, we also can see that "score according to the proportion of the fixation time", "score according to the first fixation duration" and "fixation frequency" share the same change trend with the subjective evaluation score when the participants watch the AOI in pictures, that is, the higher of the subjective evaluation score, the bigger the proportion of the fixation time, the longer the first fixation duration, the bigger the fixation frequency. So the process of fixation in eye movement is well correlated with the subjective evaluation score. The author also confirms this conclusion through the factor analysis and stepwise regression analysis of the Multi-component linear regression analysis, and gets some regression model, and then puts forward the evaluation process model based on the eye movement. So it is feasible to use the eye analysis techniques in the visual quality evaluation of landscape.
What's more, the participants in different gender have the different eye movement characteristic. The women watch more carefully and acquire more picture information, but the men pay more efforts and have the larger range than women. Different genders have different preferences to different types of landscape. We can see that men and women are both very interested in landscape of color hilly, but have little interest in landscape of canyon. There are little differences of interest between landscape of ice ditch and landscape of window pattern landform. Women have more interests in landscape of ice ditch, but men have more interests in landscape of window pattern landform. The author puts forward some opinions and suggestions for its development based on the different types of landscape features at last.
本文首次尝试将实验心理学的眼动分析方法引入景观视觉质量评价中,以甘肃省肃南地区的丹霞地貌景观为实证研究对象,通过“被试”对于该区域不同类型丹霞地貌景观单张图片和图片感兴趣区域(AOI)的眼动实测数据和主观评价数值的分析比较,试图探究客观的眼动分析方法用于景观视觉质量评价的可行性。
通过分析首先排除了同类景观不同图片给实验结果带来的影响,进而通过对不同类型的景观的单张图片和图片感兴趣区域(AOI)的眼动实测数据和主观评价数值的分析比较可知：对于单张图片,被试客观眼动数据中的注视频率、注视平均时长和注视时间比重等与其对图片主观评价总分的变化趋势有很好的相关性、基本保持一致,即总分越高,则注视频率越大,注视平均时长越长,注视时间比重越大；对于图片的感兴趣区域(AOI),被试客观眼动数据中的“按注视时间比重打分”、“按首次注视时长打分”和“注视频率”等与其主观评价打分的变化趋势也有很好的相关性、基本吻合,即主观评价越高,则注视时间的比重越大,首次注视时间的时长越长,注视频率越大。可见被试眼动实验中的注视过程与其主观评价具有很好的相关性。最后,通过因子分析和多元线性回归分析中的逐步回归分析方法也证实了这
结论,并得到了相关的回归模型,本文进而尝试提出了基于眼动分析的评价过程初步模型。由此可见,将眼动分析方法应用于景观视觉质量评价是可行的。
此外,文章还总结了不同性别的被试观察图片时的眼动特征,即女性在观察图片时明显仔细,获取更多的图片信息,而男性在获取图片信息时的努力程度和范罔上略强于女性。并且发现不同性别的被试对于不同类型地貌景观的喜好不同,即男女对彩色丘陵景观的兴趣均很大,而对于峡谷景观的兴趣均不大。对冰沟景观与窗棂式地貌景观的兴趣区别不大。其中,女性对于冰沟景观兴趣略大,而男性对于窗棂式地貌景观的兴趣略大。最后结合不同类型景观特点对其开发提出了一定的意见和建议。
Visual quality evaluation of landscape is the premise for developing and utilizing the tourist resources. Every means of evaluation has its own unique advantage, but still leaves much to be desired.
This paper attempts to introduce the eye analysis techniques of experimental psychology into the visual quality evaluation of landscape, takes the object of study by the landscape of Danxia landform in Sunan, Gansu. The author analyses the eye movement data and the subjective evaluation score of the "participants" to the single pictures and the AOI of the pictures in different types of landscape, and tries to probe the feasibility of eye analysis techniques used in the visual quality evaluation of landscape.
The bad influence which may be caused by the different picture could be neglected through analysis first. From the analysis to the eye movement data and the subjective evaluation score of the "participants" to the single pictures and the AOI of the pictures in different types of landscape,we can see that: For the single picture, the fixation frequency, fixation duration average and fixation proportion almost share the same change trend with the subjective evaluation score, that is, the higher of the subjective evaluation score, the bigger the fixation frequency, the longer the fixation duration, the bigger the fixation proportion. And for the AOI of the pictures, we also can see that "score according to the proportion of the fixation time", "score according to the first fixation duration" and "fixation frequency" share the same change trend with the subjective evaluation score when the participants watch the AOI in pictures, that is, the higher of the subjective evaluation score, the bigger the proportion of the fixation time, the longer the first fixation duration, the bigger the fixation frequency. So the process of fixation in eye movement is well correlated with the subjective evaluation score. The author also confirms this conclusion through the factor analysis and stepwise regression analysis of the Multi-component linear regression analysis, and gets some regression model, and then puts forward the evaluation process model based on the eye movement. So it is feasible to use the eye analysis techniques in the visual quality evaluation of landscape.
What's more, the participants in different gender have the different eye movement characteristic. The women watch more carefully and acquire more picture information, but the men pay more efforts and have the larger range than women. Different genders have different preferences to different types of landscape. We can see that men and women are both very interested in landscape of color hilly, but have little interest in landscape of canyon. There are little differences of interest between landscape of ice ditch and landscape of window pattern landform. Women have more interests in landscape of ice ditch, but men have more interests in landscape of window pattern landform. The author puts forward some opinions and suggestions for its development based on the different types of landscape features at last.
引文
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