云南玉龙黎明高山丹霞地质景观的地学背景研究
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摘要
本文应用地质学、地质地貌学和旅游地质学理论等相关学科理论,采用野外考察和室内分析相结合的思路,对云南玉龙黎明高山丹霞地质景观的地学背景进行了系统的研究分析,并通过对比研究,初步总结了玉龙黎明高山丹霞地质景观的科学、美学和旅游价值。论文研究内容和取得的研究成果主要有以下几个方面：
(1)玉龙黎明高山丹霞地质景观区内地层系统、构造变形系统地调查、分析,认为研究区所处的独特大地构造、地史演化和古地理位置,造就了炎热干燥的断陷盆地,沉积了巨厚的红色碎屑物,后期构造抬升形成了裂隙网,红层和裂隙网奠定子丹霞地貌发育的物质基础和动力条件。
(2)探讨玉龙黎明典型高山丹霞地质景观地貌演化及成景作用。
黎明高山丹霞地貌类型丰富,且由于受特定的地质和高山环境条件控制,丹霞地貌形成自身独特特征,主要特征如下：①黎明丹霞地貌赤壁、方山以下伏变质岩为基座,加之崩积物,坡麓平缓巨厚,衬托出赤壁、方山更加巍然屹立,气势不凡；②除形成赤壁丹崖外,黎明丹霞地貌以细部特征见长,局部岩层表面形成排列整齐的龟裂纹景观；③宽大的砂岩陡壁表面,不同颜色垂直条带形成“变色瀑布”,颜色丰富多变,令人叹止；④黎明丹霞地貌分布区地处海拔2500-3000m范围,其形成除受流水、风化、重力等地质作用外,还曾受冰川作用的叠加,冰蚀地貌隐约可见；⑤区域处于老君山山麓,植被生态极佳,丹霞地貌掩映在原始森林中,景色如画。
(3)从内动力地质作用和外动力地质作用两个方面,系统探讨并总结高山丹霞地质景观形成的成因机理、地学背景和演化模式。
黎明高山丹霞地貌,形成于早新生代的喜马拉雅构造旋回早期的挤压碰撞动力场形成的断陷盆地内沉积的红色砂砾岩地层岩组,是第三纪始新世以来干燥气候、断陷盆地、断裂构造、流水、冰川冻融等地质作用复合叠加改造的结果。特殊的大地构造地质背景、地层岩性、地质构造和新构造运动中是重要的内动力地质作用,而水蚀作用、风化侵蚀作用、重力崩塌作用、冰川冻融侵蚀作用和溶蚀等,则是扮演主要角色的外动力地质作用。
纵观黎明高山丹霞地貌的形成与演化,可分为物质和动力渗入条件形成阶段、丹霞地貌发育阶段、消亡阶段和回春阶段四个主要阶段。
(4)对玉龙黎明高山丹霞地质景观进行国内外对比,科学、美学和旅游价值评价。
将研究区的高山丹霞地貌景观同国内各丹霞地貌景观进行对比,其既有丹霞地貌景观的雄、险、秀的特点,更在海拔最高、面积最大,赤壁丹崖奇峰高差大,第三系红色砂砾岩直接不整合接触中元古代变质岩结晶基底,具有丹霞地貌发育第五种类型——冰雪融冻侵蚀崩塌型,具有国内十分罕见的龟背板状花纹,火成岩地貌相映成趣,以及植被生态极佳,高山丹霞地貌掩映在原始森林中景色如画,等诸方面具有自身的独特特征和极高的科学、美学及旅游价值。
总的来说,本文从地质学、地质地貌学和旅游地质学的多维角度,选取黎明高山丹霞地貌作为研究对象,较为全面系统地对黎明高山丹霞地貌发育的构造背景、地层、构造变形、外动力机制、演化模式进行了的研究,探讨了大地构造特别是新构造运动对地貌发育的影响,综合分析了内外动力因素作用过程、作用强度及其对高山丹霞地貌发育过程的意义,这一研究必将丰富和完善丹霞地貌学的基础理论。
By using the geology, geomorphology and tourism geology geological theory and related disciplines such as mathematics, statistics, computer technology, adopting the idea that combined field investigation and laboratory were combined, we systematically studied and analyzed that the geological background of the Alpine Danxia geological landscape in Yulong, Yunnan province in this paper. We also preliminary summarized scientific, aesthetic and tourism value of the Alpine Danxia geological landscape in Yulong by the method of compared studies. The research content and conclusion is mainly included several aspects as follows:
(1) We recognized that the unique tectonic structure of the research area, geological historical process and the paleogeologic location result in hot, dry drift basin and red thick debris sediments and the later tectonic uplift formed the fracture network through the systematic investigation and analysis to layer systems and tectonic deformation system in the LiMing Alpine Danxia geological landscape in Yulong. Red layers and fracture network laid the material basis of the Danxia landscape development and dynamic conditions.
(2) Landscape evolution and formation of the typical LiMing Alpine Danxia geological landscape in Yulong are discussed in this paper.
The type of the LiMing Alpine Danxia geological landscape is rich. And due to the specific geological and environmental conditions, it shows unique characteristics, its main characteristics as follows:①Metamorphic rocks underlying Chibi, Fangshan of Danxia landform serve as basement coupled with colluvial material and gentle thick slope foot, all this bring out Chibi, Fangshan more towering and extraordinary momentum.②Besides the ChiBidan cliff, LiMing Danxia landform is known as the detailed characteristic and part of the rock layer surface formed neat-lined crack turtle.③Vertical rock bands of different colors formed "color waterfalls" along the surface of wide sandstone steep. Its colors are variety and it is amazing.④The height of LiMing Danxia landform is rang of 2500-3000meters and its formation not only subjected to the water, weathering, gravity and other geological effects, but also superimposed by glaciations. The glacial landscape is obviously appearing.⑤The area is located in the foothills of LaoJunShan mountain, where the vegetation is very thick. Danxia landform set off in the primary forest and its scenery is like a picture.
(3) We systemically summarized and discussed the genetic mechanism, geological background and the mode of the evolution of the alpine Danxia geological from the dynamic geological and exogenic geological aspects.
LiMing alpine Danxia landform formed in the red conglomerate rock group formation, which deposited in the rift basin producted by the dynamic field of collision extrusion in the early stage of the Himalayan collision of tectonic cycle in the early Cenozoic. It was produced by dry climate, rift basin, fault structure, water flow, glacier and other geological effects complex reworking since Tertiary Eocene. The specific geological tectonic background, lithology, geological texture and the Neotectonics are the important endogenic geological process. While erosion affects, weathering and erosion, the role of gravitational collapse, freeze-thaw glacial erosion and dissolution are important factors among the exogenic geological process.
Overview the formation and evolution of LiMing alpine Danxia lanform, the process can divided into four main stages:materials and exudative conditions formation stage, landform development stage, the disappearance stage and the reappearance stage.
(4) We make comparison of the LiMing alpine Dianxia landform at abroad and home, then make a value in the aspects of science, aesthetic and tourism.
Through a comparison of Danxia landform in the study area and the others at home and abroad, it has characteristic of hung, insurance, the show provided with the highest height and the largest area. Chibidan cliff has large height difference, red gravel rocks of Tertiary directly unconformed with crystalline basement rocks of Proterozoic, which has the fifth type of Danxia landform—thawing snow and ice erosion collapse type. It has plate pattern which is very rare domestic, igneous landforms exist side by side and the vegetation is very thick. The alpine Danxia landform set off in the primary forest and its scenery is like a picture. All this unique characteristics make it a high scientific, aesthetic and tourism value.
In general, from the geology, geomorphology and tour geology of multi-dimensional perspective, choosing LiMing alpine Danxia landform as the study object, we systemically make a study of the tectonic background, rock layers, structure deformation, external dynamic mechanism and the mode of evolution and discuss the affection on the development of the landscape by the tectonic, especially the Neotectonics. The role of dynamic factors, external processes and its intensity during the development of Danxia landform is also analyzed comprehensively in the paper. This study will enrich and improve basic theory of Danxia geomorphology.
(1)玉龙黎明高山丹霞地质景观区内地层系统、构造变形系统地调查、分析,认为研究区所处的独特大地构造、地史演化和古地理位置,造就了炎热干燥的断陷盆地,沉积了巨厚的红色碎屑物,后期构造抬升形成了裂隙网,红层和裂隙网奠定子丹霞地貌发育的物质基础和动力条件。
(2)探讨玉龙黎明典型高山丹霞地质景观地貌演化及成景作用。
黎明高山丹霞地貌类型丰富,且由于受特定的地质和高山环境条件控制,丹霞地貌形成自身独特特征,主要特征如下：①黎明丹霞地貌赤壁、方山以下伏变质岩为基座,加之崩积物,坡麓平缓巨厚,衬托出赤壁、方山更加巍然屹立,气势不凡；②除形成赤壁丹崖外,黎明丹霞地貌以细部特征见长,局部岩层表面形成排列整齐的龟裂纹景观；③宽大的砂岩陡壁表面,不同颜色垂直条带形成“变色瀑布”,颜色丰富多变,令人叹止；④黎明丹霞地貌分布区地处海拔2500-3000m范围,其形成除受流水、风化、重力等地质作用外,还曾受冰川作用的叠加,冰蚀地貌隐约可见；⑤区域处于老君山山麓,植被生态极佳,丹霞地貌掩映在原始森林中,景色如画。
(3)从内动力地质作用和外动力地质作用两个方面,系统探讨并总结高山丹霞地质景观形成的成因机理、地学背景和演化模式。
黎明高山丹霞地貌,形成于早新生代的喜马拉雅构造旋回早期的挤压碰撞动力场形成的断陷盆地内沉积的红色砂砾岩地层岩组,是第三纪始新世以来干燥气候、断陷盆地、断裂构造、流水、冰川冻融等地质作用复合叠加改造的结果。特殊的大地构造地质背景、地层岩性、地质构造和新构造运动中是重要的内动力地质作用,而水蚀作用、风化侵蚀作用、重力崩塌作用、冰川冻融侵蚀作用和溶蚀等,则是扮演主要角色的外动力地质作用。
纵观黎明高山丹霞地貌的形成与演化,可分为物质和动力渗入条件形成阶段、丹霞地貌发育阶段、消亡阶段和回春阶段四个主要阶段。
(4)对玉龙黎明高山丹霞地质景观进行国内外对比,科学、美学和旅游价值评价。
将研究区的高山丹霞地貌景观同国内各丹霞地貌景观进行对比,其既有丹霞地貌景观的雄、险、秀的特点,更在海拔最高、面积最大,赤壁丹崖奇峰高差大,第三系红色砂砾岩直接不整合接触中元古代变质岩结晶基底,具有丹霞地貌发育第五种类型——冰雪融冻侵蚀崩塌型,具有国内十分罕见的龟背板状花纹,火成岩地貌相映成趣,以及植被生态极佳,高山丹霞地貌掩映在原始森林中景色如画,等诸方面具有自身的独特特征和极高的科学、美学及旅游价值。
总的来说,本文从地质学、地质地貌学和旅游地质学的多维角度,选取黎明高山丹霞地貌作为研究对象,较为全面系统地对黎明高山丹霞地貌发育的构造背景、地层、构造变形、外动力机制、演化模式进行了的研究,探讨了大地构造特别是新构造运动对地貌发育的影响,综合分析了内外动力因素作用过程、作用强度及其对高山丹霞地貌发育过程的意义,这一研究必将丰富和完善丹霞地貌学的基础理论。
By using the geology, geomorphology and tourism geology geological theory and related disciplines such as mathematics, statistics, computer technology, adopting the idea that combined field investigation and laboratory were combined, we systematically studied and analyzed that the geological background of the Alpine Danxia geological landscape in Yulong, Yunnan province in this paper. We also preliminary summarized scientific, aesthetic and tourism value of the Alpine Danxia geological landscape in Yulong by the method of compared studies. The research content and conclusion is mainly included several aspects as follows:
(1) We recognized that the unique tectonic structure of the research area, geological historical process and the paleogeologic location result in hot, dry drift basin and red thick debris sediments and the later tectonic uplift formed the fracture network through the systematic investigation and analysis to layer systems and tectonic deformation system in the LiMing Alpine Danxia geological landscape in Yulong. Red layers and fracture network laid the material basis of the Danxia landscape development and dynamic conditions.
(2) Landscape evolution and formation of the typical LiMing Alpine Danxia geological landscape in Yulong are discussed in this paper.
The type of the LiMing Alpine Danxia geological landscape is rich. And due to the specific geological and environmental conditions, it shows unique characteristics, its main characteristics as follows:①Metamorphic rocks underlying Chibi, Fangshan of Danxia landform serve as basement coupled with colluvial material and gentle thick slope foot, all this bring out Chibi, Fangshan more towering and extraordinary momentum.②Besides the ChiBidan cliff, LiMing Danxia landform is known as the detailed characteristic and part of the rock layer surface formed neat-lined crack turtle.③Vertical rock bands of different colors formed "color waterfalls" along the surface of wide sandstone steep. Its colors are variety and it is amazing.④The height of LiMing Danxia landform is rang of 2500-3000meters and its formation not only subjected to the water, weathering, gravity and other geological effects, but also superimposed by glaciations. The glacial landscape is obviously appearing.⑤The area is located in the foothills of LaoJunShan mountain, where the vegetation is very thick. Danxia landform set off in the primary forest and its scenery is like a picture.
(3) We systemically summarized and discussed the genetic mechanism, geological background and the mode of the evolution of the alpine Danxia geological from the dynamic geological and exogenic geological aspects.
LiMing alpine Danxia landform formed in the red conglomerate rock group formation, which deposited in the rift basin producted by the dynamic field of collision extrusion in the early stage of the Himalayan collision of tectonic cycle in the early Cenozoic. It was produced by dry climate, rift basin, fault structure, water flow, glacier and other geological effects complex reworking since Tertiary Eocene. The specific geological tectonic background, lithology, geological texture and the Neotectonics are the important endogenic geological process. While erosion affects, weathering and erosion, the role of gravitational collapse, freeze-thaw glacial erosion and dissolution are important factors among the exogenic geological process.
Overview the formation and evolution of LiMing alpine Danxia lanform, the process can divided into four main stages:materials and exudative conditions formation stage, landform development stage, the disappearance stage and the reappearance stage.
(4) We make comparison of the LiMing alpine Dianxia landform at abroad and home, then make a value in the aspects of science, aesthetic and tourism.
Through a comparison of Danxia landform in the study area and the others at home and abroad, it has characteristic of hung, insurance, the show provided with the highest height and the largest area. Chibidan cliff has large height difference, red gravel rocks of Tertiary directly unconformed with crystalline basement rocks of Proterozoic, which has the fifth type of Danxia landform—thawing snow and ice erosion collapse type. It has plate pattern which is very rare domestic, igneous landforms exist side by side and the vegetation is very thick. The alpine Danxia landform set off in the primary forest and its scenery is like a picture. All this unique characteristics make it a high scientific, aesthetic and tourism value.
In general, from the geology, geomorphology and tour geology of multi-dimensional perspective, choosing LiMing alpine Danxia landform as the study object, we systemically make a study of the tectonic background, rock layers, structure deformation, external dynamic mechanism and the mode of evolution and discuss the affection on the development of the landscape by the tectonic, especially the Neotectonics. The role of dynamic factors, external processes and its intensity during the development of Danxia landform is also analyzed comprehensively in the paper. This study will enrich and improve basic theory of Danxia geomorphology.
引文
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