印度洋海温偶极子型振荡和南半球高纬度气候异常之间的遥相关及动力机制解释
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摘要
1999年，在热带印度洋发现了令人瞩目的大尺度海表面温度场年代际变化现象——印度洋海温偶极子型振荡(IOD，Indian Ocean Dipole Mode events)，之后IOD成为被关注的焦点，研究结果表明它在全球气候和海洋系统的变化中起着积极活跃的作用。最近二十年以来，随着研究数据的丰富，在南半球中、高纬度发现了南极绕极波、南极振荡和南极偶极子等大尺度低频气候变化模态，对它们激发机制的探讨是当前国内外一个研究热点。在遥相关领域，前人研究大多集中在热带太平洋ENSO(El Ni(?)o-Southern Oscillation)对这些气候异常的激发上；研究结果显示它们之间的遥相关呈现出时间和强度的不稳定，这种不稳定产生的原因是至今仍未被解决的问题。本文以此为研究背景，将IOD和南半球中、高纬度气候异常联系起来，探讨它们之间的遥相关和相应的动力机制，进一步探索南半球高纬度低频气候异常在热带海洋的激发源是本文的研究目的。
采用月平均的NCEP-NCAR再分析大气资料、英国大气科学数据中心海表面温度和海冰资料等，主要做了以下几方面的工作。首先，以海表面气压、海表面以及陆地表面的空气温度、地面经向风、对流层上、中、下层的位势高度等气候要素为例，采用偏相关和合成分析等研究方法，给出了IOD变化指数时间序列和南半球中高纬度气候异常之间的遥相关空间模态。其次，分别从大气行星波能量传播、大气经向环流异常的角度对遥相关空间模态给出了动力机制解释。另外，鉴于南大洋海冰是南极地区气候监测的最重要的因素之一，南大洋海冰低频变化及其和IOD之间的遥相关以及动力机制探讨是另一重点研究内容。
论文的基本结论如下：第一，南半球中、高纬度低频气候异常变化不但包含热带太平洋ENSO的信号而且还包含热带印度洋IOD信号；第二，IOD和南半球中、高纬度各个气候变量遥相关的空间模态呈现三个波数绕极分布。以200hPa对流层为例，遥相关最强的作用中心集中在阿蒙森海和别林斯高晋海北部(正相关)，威德尔海北部的南大洋海域(负相关)、罗斯海北部以及澳大利亚南部的南大洋
Recently a coupled mode of air-sea variability was documented for the tropical Indian Ocean. This mode, referred here as the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events involves large variations in zonal SST (Sea Surface Temperature) gradient and explains about 12% of the total variance of anomalous Indian Ocean SST. Ever since the discovery of IOD, extensive studies on impact of IOD on the local and remote climate suggested that IOD plays an active role in affecting the global climate system. In Southern high latitudes, it is well known that significant low-frequency fluctuations — ACW (Antarctic Circumpolar Wave), ADP (Antarctic Dipole Mode) and the AAO (Antarctic Oscillation) were identified over the last twenty years. Accordingly, local and remote forcing factors of these climate anomalies attract a great lot of attentions. To our knowledge, studies to the impact of IOD on the climate anomalies in southern high latitudes has just been started in the literature although enough has been
said on their teleconnections with El Nin|～o-Southern Oscillation. All
these illumite us to investigate if IOD is a probably signal involving in southern high latitude climate anomalies.
Using monthly NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data and GISST 2. 3b SST and sea ice concentration fields in the present thesis, the teleconnection pattern and the corresponding mechanism between IOD and southern high latitude climate anomalies are investigated. Firstly, the spatial teleconnection pattern between IOD index time series and SLP (Sea Level Pressure) anomaly, SAT (Surface Air Temperature) anomaly, meridional wind
采用月平均的NCEP-NCAR再分析大气资料、英国大气科学数据中心海表面温度和海冰资料等，主要做了以下几方面的工作。首先，以海表面气压、海表面以及陆地表面的空气温度、地面经向风、对流层上、中、下层的位势高度等气候要素为例，采用偏相关和合成分析等研究方法，给出了IOD变化指数时间序列和南半球中高纬度气候异常之间的遥相关空间模态。其次，分别从大气行星波能量传播、大气经向环流异常的角度对遥相关空间模态给出了动力机制解释。另外，鉴于南大洋海冰是南极地区气候监测的最重要的因素之一，南大洋海冰低频变化及其和IOD之间的遥相关以及动力机制探讨是另一重点研究内容。
论文的基本结论如下：第一，南半球中、高纬度低频气候异常变化不但包含热带太平洋ENSO的信号而且还包含热带印度洋IOD信号；第二，IOD和南半球中、高纬度各个气候变量遥相关的空间模态呈现三个波数绕极分布。以200hPa对流层为例，遥相关最强的作用中心集中在阿蒙森海和别林斯高晋海北部(正相关)，威德尔海北部的南大洋海域(负相关)、罗斯海北部以及澳大利亚南部的南大洋
Recently a coupled mode of air-sea variability was documented for the tropical Indian Ocean. This mode, referred here as the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events involves large variations in zonal SST (Sea Surface Temperature) gradient and explains about 12% of the total variance of anomalous Indian Ocean SST. Ever since the discovery of IOD, extensive studies on impact of IOD on the local and remote climate suggested that IOD plays an active role in affecting the global climate system. In Southern high latitudes, it is well known that significant low-frequency fluctuations — ACW (Antarctic Circumpolar Wave), ADP (Antarctic Dipole Mode) and the AAO (Antarctic Oscillation) were identified over the last twenty years. Accordingly, local and remote forcing factors of these climate anomalies attract a great lot of attentions. To our knowledge, studies to the impact of IOD on the climate anomalies in southern high latitudes has just been started in the literature although enough has been
said on their teleconnections with El Nin|～o-Southern Oscillation. All
these illumite us to investigate if IOD is a probably signal involving in southern high latitude climate anomalies.
Using monthly NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data and GISST 2. 3b SST and sea ice concentration fields in the present thesis, the teleconnection pattern and the corresponding mechanism between IOD and southern high latitude climate anomalies are investigated. Firstly, the spatial teleconnection pattern between IOD index time series and SLP (Sea Level Pressure) anomaly, SAT (Surface Air Temperature) anomaly, meridional wind
引文
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