金融监管法律制度的国际比较与中国入世后的新思考
|
摘要
(1)随着中国加入世界贸易组织以来,对外的经济交往日益加深,交流和对话的领域也逐渐增多,金融业作为国家经济的重要组成部分,它的运行对一国经济的快速、健康与安全地发展有着至关重要的作用。金融监管的合理性和有效性一直是各国政府十分关心的,相应的为一国金融监管提供重要法律依据和制度支持的金融监管法律制度的合理与有效与否也是我们法学界应该关注的问题。
按照中国政府的入世承诺,2007年以后的中国金融市场将对外资全面开放,尽管进入中国的外资银行收到中国法律的限制,也必须分业经营,但由于多数外资银行的母行实行的是混业经营,与实行分业经营的中资银行相比具有先天的优势。因此效仿当今国际金融界发展主流,发展金融控股公司,实现混业经营,成为增强中国金融机构竞争力的重要法门。面临世界金融界混业经营成为主要浪潮、金融创新层出不穷,中国分业经营、分业监管体制面临哪些挑战以及该如何从立法层面应对和改革是我们应该关注的重点。
本文注意到中国入世前后金融业国际背景的变化,首先分析金融监管法律制度的基本理论,指出其研究的理论和实际意义;然后通过对世界上主要发达国家的金融监管法律制度的演变和各自特点进行比较研究,主要是观察总结外国成功的金融监管改革的经验,总结出其不足和对中国当前金融监管法律制度的改革和完善所起到的借鉴意义;接下来简要回顾我国金融监管法律制度的发展历程与取得的成果,分析当前我国金融监管法律制度的现实特点和存在的不足;最后通过分析入世后对中国金融业和金融监管带来的影响,并进而给出笔者自己的一些新的立法建议和改革思路。面临世界金融业混业经营浪潮的冲击,国内外金融创新不断出现,中国现有的监管体制面临的挑战及如何应对是本文重点关注的地方,本文旨在针对上述情况,通过比较其他国家金融监管制度改革的经验和教训,分析现有中国金融监管法制的不足,从而提出新的改革思路,因此具有重要的理论指导意义和实际应用价值。
Since the entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001, the communication between China and other countries deepens increasingly, and they have many fields to start conversation and other relations. The finance industry, as one of the most important components of the state economy, plays a very important role in the development of the whole country’blue print. The rationality and efficiency of the finance supervision is always and terribly concerned by the government all over the world. The finance legal system, which offers the legal basis and institution support, its advisability and efficiency should also be payed more attention in the jurisprudential circle.
According to the commitment by the Chinese government, the financial market will be totally open to the foreign capital since 2007.Although the foreign finance entity will be constrainted by the Chinese law, and they only can do their business sectionally (not mixed), compared with the Chinese bank, they have connatural advantage because most of their mother companies are mixed finance group. Consequently following the main stream of the international finance circle to develop the finance holding-company becomes the important way to boost up the competitiveness of Chinese financial institution. Research on the mixed-business also becomes to be a very important question under the management system of divided-business of the china finance.
The author has observed the change of international financial backdrop. In this text firstly the author gives the basic theory of the finance supervision, and points out the theoretical and practical value of the research on the financial supervision legal system. Next the author process the comparative study on the main developed countries’financial supervision legal system, and study their each evolution and character , focusing on the generalization of the successful finance supervision reformatory experience of them and their insufficiency. The author also gives their meaning for us to reference. Then the author concisely looks back the history of finance supervision legal system of China , and analyses the current characteristic and deficiency. At last by analyzing the effect of the entry to WTO to the finance and the finance supervision, the author gives some of his own fresh ideas on the reform of finance supervision legal system.
Being up against the wave of composite financial management and the finance innovations appear continually, the existing finance supervision legal system of china is facing the big challenge. How to deal with this? That is the keystone of this text .Aiming at the above-mentioned, through the comparison of the main developed countries’experience and lesson, and analyses the current short of China finance supervision legal system, the author advances the new reform clues. As a result, this text has both crucial theoretical and practical applied cost.
按照中国政府的入世承诺,2007年以后的中国金融市场将对外资全面开放,尽管进入中国的外资银行收到中国法律的限制,也必须分业经营,但由于多数外资银行的母行实行的是混业经营,与实行分业经营的中资银行相比具有先天的优势。因此效仿当今国际金融界发展主流,发展金融控股公司,实现混业经营,成为增强中国金融机构竞争力的重要法门。面临世界金融界混业经营成为主要浪潮、金融创新层出不穷,中国分业经营、分业监管体制面临哪些挑战以及该如何从立法层面应对和改革是我们应该关注的重点。
本文注意到中国入世前后金融业国际背景的变化,首先分析金融监管法律制度的基本理论,指出其研究的理论和实际意义;然后通过对世界上主要发达国家的金融监管法律制度的演变和各自特点进行比较研究,主要是观察总结外国成功的金融监管改革的经验,总结出其不足和对中国当前金融监管法律制度的改革和完善所起到的借鉴意义;接下来简要回顾我国金融监管法律制度的发展历程与取得的成果,分析当前我国金融监管法律制度的现实特点和存在的不足;最后通过分析入世后对中国金融业和金融监管带来的影响,并进而给出笔者自己的一些新的立法建议和改革思路。面临世界金融业混业经营浪潮的冲击,国内外金融创新不断出现,中国现有的监管体制面临的挑战及如何应对是本文重点关注的地方,本文旨在针对上述情况,通过比较其他国家金融监管制度改革的经验和教训,分析现有中国金融监管法制的不足,从而提出新的改革思路,因此具有重要的理论指导意义和实际应用价值。
Since the entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001, the communication between China and other countries deepens increasingly, and they have many fields to start conversation and other relations. The finance industry, as one of the most important components of the state economy, plays a very important role in the development of the whole country’blue print. The rationality and efficiency of the finance supervision is always and terribly concerned by the government all over the world. The finance legal system, which offers the legal basis and institution support, its advisability and efficiency should also be payed more attention in the jurisprudential circle.
According to the commitment by the Chinese government, the financial market will be totally open to the foreign capital since 2007.Although the foreign finance entity will be constrainted by the Chinese law, and they only can do their business sectionally (not mixed), compared with the Chinese bank, they have connatural advantage because most of their mother companies are mixed finance group. Consequently following the main stream of the international finance circle to develop the finance holding-company becomes the important way to boost up the competitiveness of Chinese financial institution. Research on the mixed-business also becomes to be a very important question under the management system of divided-business of the china finance.
The author has observed the change of international financial backdrop. In this text firstly the author gives the basic theory of the finance supervision, and points out the theoretical and practical value of the research on the financial supervision legal system. Next the author process the comparative study on the main developed countries’financial supervision legal system, and study their each evolution and character , focusing on the generalization of the successful finance supervision reformatory experience of them and their insufficiency. The author also gives their meaning for us to reference. Then the author concisely looks back the history of finance supervision legal system of China , and analyses the current characteristic and deficiency. At last by analyzing the effect of the entry to WTO to the finance and the finance supervision, the author gives some of his own fresh ideas on the reform of finance supervision legal system.
Being up against the wave of composite financial management and the finance innovations appear continually, the existing finance supervision legal system of china is facing the big challenge. How to deal with this? That is the keystone of this text .Aiming at the above-mentioned, through the comparison of the main developed countries’experience and lesson, and analyses the current short of China finance supervision legal system, the author advances the new reform clues. As a result, this text has both crucial theoretical and practical applied cost.
引文
1朱崇实主编《金融法教程》p35-36法律出版社2005年版。
2宋健明,《现代金融监管的五大趋势》,载于2006年第3期《宏观经济管理》
3陈俊《WTO与我国金融立法接轨》,人大复印资料《经济法学、劳动法学》2001年11期。
4巴曙松《金融监管:协调效率重于机构分合》,2006年11月21日《第一财经日报》。
5郭俊秀《入世后我国金融立法若干问题的探讨》,载于大连海事大学《法律论坛》2003年创刊号。
1、李仁真主编:《国际金融法》,武汉大学出版社1999年版。
2、张颖著:《各国宏观金融监管的发展趋势》,载《国际金融研究》,1996年第3期。
3、陆泽峰著:《金融创新与法律变革》,法律出版社2000年版,中国民商法专题研究丛书。
4、欧洲投资银行编:《创新、技术和金融》,中国审计出版社1993年版。
5、朱崇实主编,万建华副主编:《金融法教程》(第二版),法律出版社2005年版。
6、黄达主编:《货币银行学》,中国人民大学出版社2000年版。
7、汪新主编:《金融法学》,中国政法大学出版社2002年3月修订版。
8、吴志攀主编:《金融法概论》,北京大学出版社2003年版。
9、郭俊秀、蒋进著:《证券法》,厦门大学出版社2004年版。
10、谢平著:《中国金融制度的选择》,上海远东出版社1996年版。
11、吴敬琏等:《建设市场经济的总体构想和方案设计》,中央编译出版社1996年版。
12、王自力著:《中国金融市场化与国际化论纲〉,中国金融出版社,1997年版。
13、中国证券业协会基金公会主编:《证券投资基金法规体系研究》,中国法制出版社2002年版。
14、贝政新著:《投资银行学》,复旦大学出版社2003年版。
15、(美)哈威尔E杰克逊,小爱德华L西蒙斯著,吴志攀等译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版。
16、王宇文著:《控股公司与金融控股公司法〉,中国政法大学出版社2003年版。
17、刘丰名著:《巴塞尔协议与国际金融法》,武汉测绘科技大学出版社1994年版。
18、孟龙著:《市场经济国家金融监管比较》,中国金融出版社1995年版。
1、Roy E . Allen : Financial Crises and Recession in the Global Economy , Edward Elgar Publishing Limited , 1994.
2、Joseph J .Norton: Bank Regulation and Supervision in the 1990s, Lloyd’s of London Press Ltd,1991.
3、Douglass C. North: Insititutions, Institutional Change and Ecnomic Performance ,Cambridge university Press,1990.
4、Financial Systems and Development ,World Bank,1993.
5、Catherine England :Governing Banking’Futures: Markets V. Regulation, Kkuwer Academic Publishers,1991.
6、George G . Kanfman, Robert E Litan: Assessing Bank Reform: FDICIA One Year Later ,The Brookings Institutions ,1993.
7、BIS: Compendium of Documents produced by the Bank Committee on Banking Supervision, Volume One–three, April ,1997.
8、Wolfgang H. Peinicke: Banking, Politics and Global Finance-American Commercial Banks and Regulator Change 1980-1990, Edward Elgar, 1995.
9、David Rogess: The Future of American Banking–Managing for Change, Mc gram–Hill, Inc.
10、Yoshina Suzuki and Hiroshi Yomo: Financial Innovation andMonetory Policy :Asia and the West.
11、Albert M. Wojnilower: Financial Change in the C.S, in Changing Coney.
12、R. Copper: The Future of SDR, in R. Copper, The financial monetary System. The MIT Press, 1987.
13、Robert. C. Effros: Current Legal Affecting Central Banks, IMF, 1994.
14、J. Gold ,Order in International Financial ,the Promotion of IMF Stand—by Arrangement, and the Drafting of Private Loan Agreements . IMF Pamplet Series , No 39, IMF, 1982.
2宋健明,《现代金融监管的五大趋势》,载于2006年第3期《宏观经济管理》
3陈俊《WTO与我国金融立法接轨》,人大复印资料《经济法学、劳动法学》2001年11期。
4巴曙松《金融监管:协调效率重于机构分合》,2006年11月21日《第一财经日报》。
5郭俊秀《入世后我国金融立法若干问题的探讨》,载于大连海事大学《法律论坛》2003年创刊号。
1、李仁真主编:《国际金融法》,武汉大学出版社1999年版。
2、张颖著:《各国宏观金融监管的发展趋势》,载《国际金融研究》,1996年第3期。
3、陆泽峰著:《金融创新与法律变革》,法律出版社2000年版,中国民商法专题研究丛书。
4、欧洲投资银行编:《创新、技术和金融》,中国审计出版社1993年版。
5、朱崇实主编,万建华副主编:《金融法教程》(第二版),法律出版社2005年版。
6、黄达主编:《货币银行学》,中国人民大学出版社2000年版。
7、汪新主编:《金融法学》,中国政法大学出版社2002年3月修订版。
8、吴志攀主编:《金融法概论》,北京大学出版社2003年版。
9、郭俊秀、蒋进著:《证券法》,厦门大学出版社2004年版。
10、谢平著:《中国金融制度的选择》,上海远东出版社1996年版。
11、吴敬琏等:《建设市场经济的总体构想和方案设计》,中央编译出版社1996年版。
12、王自力著:《中国金融市场化与国际化论纲〉,中国金融出版社,1997年版。
13、中国证券业协会基金公会主编:《证券投资基金法规体系研究》,中国法制出版社2002年版。
14、贝政新著:《投资银行学》,复旦大学出版社2003年版。
15、(美)哈威尔E杰克逊,小爱德华L西蒙斯著,吴志攀等译,中国政法大学出版社2003年版。
16、王宇文著:《控股公司与金融控股公司法〉,中国政法大学出版社2003年版。
17、刘丰名著:《巴塞尔协议与国际金融法》,武汉测绘科技大学出版社1994年版。
18、孟龙著:《市场经济国家金融监管比较》,中国金融出版社1995年版。
1、Roy E . Allen : Financial Crises and Recession in the Global Economy , Edward Elgar Publishing Limited , 1994.
2、Joseph J .Norton: Bank Regulation and Supervision in the 1990s, Lloyd’s of London Press Ltd,1991.
3、Douglass C. North: Insititutions, Institutional Change and Ecnomic Performance ,Cambridge university Press,1990.
4、Financial Systems and Development ,World Bank,1993.
5、Catherine England :Governing Banking’Futures: Markets V. Regulation, Kkuwer Academic Publishers,1991.
6、George G . Kanfman, Robert E Litan: Assessing Bank Reform: FDICIA One Year Later ,The Brookings Institutions ,1993.
7、BIS: Compendium of Documents produced by the Bank Committee on Banking Supervision, Volume One–three, April ,1997.
8、Wolfgang H. Peinicke: Banking, Politics and Global Finance-American Commercial Banks and Regulator Change 1980-1990, Edward Elgar, 1995.
9、David Rogess: The Future of American Banking–Managing for Change, Mc gram–Hill, Inc.
10、Yoshina Suzuki and Hiroshi Yomo: Financial Innovation andMonetory Policy :Asia and the West.
11、Albert M. Wojnilower: Financial Change in the C.S, in Changing Coney.
12、R. Copper: The Future of SDR, in R. Copper, The financial monetary System. The MIT Press, 1987.
13、Robert. C. Effros: Current Legal Affecting Central Banks, IMF, 1994.
14、J. Gold ,Order in International Financial ,the Promotion of IMF Stand—by Arrangement, and the Drafting of Private Loan Agreements . IMF Pamplet Series , No 39, IMF, 1982.