矿山地下水害防治工程可视化及地表塌陷预测研究
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摘要
矿山水害及其衍生的地表塌陷灾害是困扰矿山安全生产的一个非常棘手且又必须面对的问题,它严重威胁着矿山的安全生产、矿区地质环境和生态环境。因此,开展地下水数值模拟、帷幕注浆工程可视化以及岩溶地表塌陷预测技术研究,可为矿山实现地下水害及其衍生的地表塌陷灾害的有效治理提供强有力的技术支持,具有重要意义。
本文针对中金岭南凡口铅锌矿地下水害防治帷幕注浆工程的实际,综合运用数值模拟、计算机三维建模和人工神经网络等技术,采用Visual Modflow、Surpac和Matlab等数字化工具,结合“注浆帷幕三维可视化及地下水数值模拟技术研究"科研课题,主要开展以下研究：
(1)在概化水文地质条件的基础上,构建凡口铅锌矿数值模拟水文地质概念模型,以此为基础,运用三维地下水流模拟专业软件Visual Modflow,构建凡口铅锌矿地下水数值模拟模型,并实现对所建数值模拟模型的校正与验证。
(2)运用凡口铅锌矿地下水数值模拟模型分析地下水流场的变化和区域水均衡情况,从而揭示研究区内地下水动态特征；模拟对比多种帷幕墙渗透系数和合理作用厚度方案下二期工程完成后地下水流场的变化,试算验证帷幕墙渗透系数和合理作用厚度；预测帷幕注浆三期工程完成后研究区的地下水流场变化,并评价帷幕注浆工程堵水的效果,为后续帷幕注浆工程三维可视化及地表塌陷预测奠定基础。
(3)运用三维可视化软件Surpac建立帷幕注浆钻孔数据库,实现对帷幕注浆钻孔数据的有效管理和帷幕注浆钻孔三维可视化；建立帷幕墙的三维概念示意模型,涵盖帷幕注浆区域的地表三维模型,疏干巷道及水仓的三维模型,实现帷幕注浆工程的三维可视化,对指导矿山后续帷幕注浆工程的开展,提高工程施工管理水平具有重要现实意义。
(4)结合凡口铅锌矿实际,分析研究区岩溶地表的塌陷机理,确定影响岩溶地表塌陷的主要因素,并依据各因素对岩溶地表塌陷的影响程度,实现岩溶地表塌陷主要因素的定量分级。
(5)综合分析凡口铅锌矿地面塌陷历史资料,总结提出研究区的塌陷规律；构建岩溶地表塌陷区预测BP神经网络模型,并运用该模型预测帷幕注浆三期工程完成后研究区内塌陷区域的空间分布,为地表塌陷灾害提供预警支持,提出塌陷防治的技术措施。
Groundwater disaster and its derived ground collapse have undermined safety in mine. It's a threat to mine safety, geological environment and ecological balance. Therefore, research on groundwater numerical simulation, visualization of curtain grouting and ground collapse prediction is of great significance. The research will strongly support the effective management of groundwater disaster and ground collapse.
Based on the research project——visualization of curtain grouting and numerical simulation for groundwater, the paper integrated use of groundwater simulation, three-dimensional computer modeling and artificial neural network, researches on Fankou lead-zinc mine with Visual Modflow, Surpac and Matlab. The main contents are as follows:
(1) Conceptual model for hydrogeology numerical simulation of Fankou lead-zinc mine was built based on generalizing hydrogeological conditions in research area. According to this model, with the use of 3D groundwater simulation software——Visual Modflow, hydrogeology numerical simulation model of Fankou lead-zinc mine was built. By testing and verifying model parameters, the model was consistent with the actual situation of engineering.
(2) With numerical simulation model of Fankou lead-zinc mine, the paper analyzed the law of groundwater flow field and the situation of regional water equilibrium, and then got the dynamic characteristics of groundwater. Though simulated and compared the change of groundwater flow field under various permeability coefficients and thickness of curtain wall after the second phase of curtain grouting, a set of correct permeability coefficients and thickness of curtain wall was determined. Then the groundwater flow field after the third phase of the curtain grouting was predicted, and the effect of curtain grouting in groundwater controlling was evaluated. It's the basis of visualization of curtain grouting and ground collapse prediction.
(3) With three-dimensional visualization software Surpac, curtain grouting drilling database was established, which could realize the effective management and visualization of curtain grouting borehole data. The concept model of curtain wall, surface 3D model, dewatering and water storage 3D model were built. Therefore,3D visualization of curtain grouting was achieved. It's of great practical significance to carry out curtain grouting and greatly improve the ability of construction management.
(4) Coupling with the actual situation of Fankou lead-zinc mine, the paper analyzed the mechanism of ground collapse, and identified main factors of ground collapse. These factors were quantified according to the extent of ground collapse.
(5) Comprehensively analyzing historical data of ground collapse in Fankou lead-zinc mine, and summarizing the distribution-law of ground collapse in the research area. In order to provide early ground-collapse warning, ground collapse which occurred after the third phase of the curtain grouting was predicted by construct BP artificial neural network ground-collapse model. Then, the paper gave the measures to prevent and control ground collapse.
本文针对中金岭南凡口铅锌矿地下水害防治帷幕注浆工程的实际,综合运用数值模拟、计算机三维建模和人工神经网络等技术,采用Visual Modflow、Surpac和Matlab等数字化工具,结合“注浆帷幕三维可视化及地下水数值模拟技术研究"科研课题,主要开展以下研究：
(1)在概化水文地质条件的基础上,构建凡口铅锌矿数值模拟水文地质概念模型,以此为基础,运用三维地下水流模拟专业软件Visual Modflow,构建凡口铅锌矿地下水数值模拟模型,并实现对所建数值模拟模型的校正与验证。
(2)运用凡口铅锌矿地下水数值模拟模型分析地下水流场的变化和区域水均衡情况,从而揭示研究区内地下水动态特征；模拟对比多种帷幕墙渗透系数和合理作用厚度方案下二期工程完成后地下水流场的变化,试算验证帷幕墙渗透系数和合理作用厚度；预测帷幕注浆三期工程完成后研究区的地下水流场变化,并评价帷幕注浆工程堵水的效果,为后续帷幕注浆工程三维可视化及地表塌陷预测奠定基础。
(3)运用三维可视化软件Surpac建立帷幕注浆钻孔数据库,实现对帷幕注浆钻孔数据的有效管理和帷幕注浆钻孔三维可视化；建立帷幕墙的三维概念示意模型,涵盖帷幕注浆区域的地表三维模型,疏干巷道及水仓的三维模型,实现帷幕注浆工程的三维可视化,对指导矿山后续帷幕注浆工程的开展,提高工程施工管理水平具有重要现实意义。
(4)结合凡口铅锌矿实际,分析研究区岩溶地表的塌陷机理,确定影响岩溶地表塌陷的主要因素,并依据各因素对岩溶地表塌陷的影响程度,实现岩溶地表塌陷主要因素的定量分级。
(5)综合分析凡口铅锌矿地面塌陷历史资料,总结提出研究区的塌陷规律；构建岩溶地表塌陷区预测BP神经网络模型,并运用该模型预测帷幕注浆三期工程完成后研究区内塌陷区域的空间分布,为地表塌陷灾害提供预警支持,提出塌陷防治的技术措施。
Groundwater disaster and its derived ground collapse have undermined safety in mine. It's a threat to mine safety, geological environment and ecological balance. Therefore, research on groundwater numerical simulation, visualization of curtain grouting and ground collapse prediction is of great significance. The research will strongly support the effective management of groundwater disaster and ground collapse.
Based on the research project——visualization of curtain grouting and numerical simulation for groundwater, the paper integrated use of groundwater simulation, three-dimensional computer modeling and artificial neural network, researches on Fankou lead-zinc mine with Visual Modflow, Surpac and Matlab. The main contents are as follows:
(1) Conceptual model for hydrogeology numerical simulation of Fankou lead-zinc mine was built based on generalizing hydrogeological conditions in research area. According to this model, with the use of 3D groundwater simulation software——Visual Modflow, hydrogeology numerical simulation model of Fankou lead-zinc mine was built. By testing and verifying model parameters, the model was consistent with the actual situation of engineering.
(2) With numerical simulation model of Fankou lead-zinc mine, the paper analyzed the law of groundwater flow field and the situation of regional water equilibrium, and then got the dynamic characteristics of groundwater. Though simulated and compared the change of groundwater flow field under various permeability coefficients and thickness of curtain wall after the second phase of curtain grouting, a set of correct permeability coefficients and thickness of curtain wall was determined. Then the groundwater flow field after the third phase of the curtain grouting was predicted, and the effect of curtain grouting in groundwater controlling was evaluated. It's the basis of visualization of curtain grouting and ground collapse prediction.
(3) With three-dimensional visualization software Surpac, curtain grouting drilling database was established, which could realize the effective management and visualization of curtain grouting borehole data. The concept model of curtain wall, surface 3D model, dewatering and water storage 3D model were built. Therefore,3D visualization of curtain grouting was achieved. It's of great practical significance to carry out curtain grouting and greatly improve the ability of construction management.
(4) Coupling with the actual situation of Fankou lead-zinc mine, the paper analyzed the mechanism of ground collapse, and identified main factors of ground collapse. These factors were quantified according to the extent of ground collapse.
(5) Comprehensively analyzing historical data of ground collapse in Fankou lead-zinc mine, and summarizing the distribution-law of ground collapse in the research area. In order to provide early ground-collapse warning, ground collapse which occurred after the third phase of the curtain grouting was predicted by construct BP artificial neural network ground-collapse model. Then, the paper gave the measures to prevent and control ground collapse.
引文
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