协同虚拟战场研讨环境构建理论及技术研究
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摘要
协同虚拟战场研讨环境是基于网络的战场环境仿真技术的一个具体应用,是可供多个指挥员同时异地参与的协同研讨指挥平台,基于该平台的虚拟战场环境使得处于不同地理位置的指挥员能够进入到同一个真实环境中,通过实时图像、声音或文字等方式在一起进行协同训练和指挥,可通过战例分析、战事模拟、损伤评估等多种方式对模拟方案进行推演,利用系统的辅助分析制定出详实的行动计划。
协同虚拟战场研讨环境的特点主要包括:
·网络三维可视化;
·网络数据共享(通过共享文档或数据库存储的方式);
·多种研讨方式(如文本交谈、电子白板、视频、音频研讨等);
·针对交谈、视频、音频以及在协同环境中合法用户的协同感知能力;
·可定制用于协同作战的虚拟战场环境的空间范围,以及在这个类似真实环境中对作业想定、推演方案、作战企图等进行协同研讨。
协同虚拟战场研讨环境是对传统协同虚拟环境的延伸和发展,它是对计算机协同、虚拟现实、网络三维可视化、流媒体等多种技术的集成,是高技术条件下军队指挥自动化保障的一种新方法;本文在充分了解协同虚拟环境及其相关理论的基础上,对协同虚拟战场研讨环境的理论和实现技术做了较为深入的研究和探索,并开发出了原型系统。
本文主要工作如下:
(1)在对协同虚拟环境的模型体系充分讨论的基础上,提出了协同虚拟战场研讨环境的体系结构,并进行了初步的实现和实践;
(2)基于Java和JOGL较好地实现了三维虚拟环境的网络显示问题,借助Java良好的网络性和平台无关性,在三维虚拟战场环境的网络传输过程中解决了传输数据量大的问题;
(3)实现了分布式协同虚拟战场研讨环境中流媒体技术的合理使用,满足了军事训练和演习中的实时研讨交流的要求,并实现了分布式条件下的协同作业;
(4)研究和初步实现了协同军事标绘,提供了战场态势标绘的实时远程协同工作模式,它能够为实时的协同训练、演习和作战提供可靠的保障;
(5)原型系统的开发。
Collaborative virtual battlefield discussion enviroment, as an practical application of battlefield enviroment simmulation techniques based on net, is the Collaborative discussion command platforme that commanders at diffent areas can paticepate in at the same time. The vitual battlefield enviroment based on this platform makes it possible that geographic distributed commanders are able to particpate in the same real enviroment,and carry out Collaborative training and command by real time graphic sound and script, and also can simulate the simulative scheme by kinds of ways such as case analysis, war simulation and damnification evaluation, constitute the elaborate campaign plan with systemic aided analysis.
Collaborative virtual battlefield discussion enviroment characteristics mianly include:
●Internet-based 3D visualization;
●Data sharing on the network (via document or database storage sharing);
●Various discussion modes (e.g. text chatting, electronic white board, video, audio discussion);
●Aimed at discussion, video, audio as well as Collaborative apperceive ability of legitimate users in Collaborative virtual battlefield discussion enviroment;
●Custom the space range of virtual battlefield enviroment used in Collaborative operation, and Collaboratively deliberate on the preestablished task, manoeuvre plan, campaign purpose in this approximatively real enviroment.
Collaborative virtual battlefield discussion enviroment is the extent and development of traditional Collaborative virtual enviroment, integrates cyber-cooperation, virtaul reality, internet-based 3D visualization, media streaming, becomes a new method of military automated command system ensurer under high tech condition. This paper reseaches the theory and realization techniques of Collaborative virtual battlefield discussion enviroment deeply based on enough understand of Collaborative virtual enviroment theory, and explores a prototype sysytem.
This paper's main work is as following:
(1) After sufficient discussion of Collaborative virtual enviroment model system, bring forward the framework system of Collaborative virtual battlefield discussion enviroment, carry out elementary realization and practice;
(2) Implement the network display of 3D virtual enviroment based on Java and JOGL, solve the mass data net transfers problem by dint of Java's net and paltform independency;
(3) Achieve reasonable use of media streaming in distributed Collaborative virtual battlefield discussion enviroment, satify the requirements of real time deliberation in millitary training and manoeuvre, and realize Collaborative work under distributed cinditions;
(4) Study and basically accomplish Collaborative military plotting, offer real time long distance Collaborative work mode of battlefield state plotting;
(5) Explores the prototype sysytem;
协同虚拟战场研讨环境的特点主要包括:
·网络三维可视化;
·网络数据共享(通过共享文档或数据库存储的方式);
·多种研讨方式(如文本交谈、电子白板、视频、音频研讨等);
·针对交谈、视频、音频以及在协同环境中合法用户的协同感知能力;
·可定制用于协同作战的虚拟战场环境的空间范围,以及在这个类似真实环境中对作业想定、推演方案、作战企图等进行协同研讨。
协同虚拟战场研讨环境是对传统协同虚拟环境的延伸和发展,它是对计算机协同、虚拟现实、网络三维可视化、流媒体等多种技术的集成,是高技术条件下军队指挥自动化保障的一种新方法;本文在充分了解协同虚拟环境及其相关理论的基础上,对协同虚拟战场研讨环境的理论和实现技术做了较为深入的研究和探索,并开发出了原型系统。
本文主要工作如下:
(1)在对协同虚拟环境的模型体系充分讨论的基础上,提出了协同虚拟战场研讨环境的体系结构,并进行了初步的实现和实践;
(2)基于Java和JOGL较好地实现了三维虚拟环境的网络显示问题,借助Java良好的网络性和平台无关性,在三维虚拟战场环境的网络传输过程中解决了传输数据量大的问题;
(3)实现了分布式协同虚拟战场研讨环境中流媒体技术的合理使用,满足了军事训练和演习中的实时研讨交流的要求,并实现了分布式条件下的协同作业;
(4)研究和初步实现了协同军事标绘,提供了战场态势标绘的实时远程协同工作模式,它能够为实时的协同训练、演习和作战提供可靠的保障;
(5)原型系统的开发。
Collaborative virtual battlefield discussion enviroment, as an practical application of battlefield enviroment simmulation techniques based on net, is the Collaborative discussion command platforme that commanders at diffent areas can paticepate in at the same time. The vitual battlefield enviroment based on this platform makes it possible that geographic distributed commanders are able to particpate in the same real enviroment,and carry out Collaborative training and command by real time graphic sound and script, and also can simulate the simulative scheme by kinds of ways such as case analysis, war simulation and damnification evaluation, constitute the elaborate campaign plan with systemic aided analysis.
Collaborative virtual battlefield discussion enviroment characteristics mianly include:
●Internet-based 3D visualization;
●Data sharing on the network (via document or database storage sharing);
●Various discussion modes (e.g. text chatting, electronic white board, video, audio discussion);
●Aimed at discussion, video, audio as well as Collaborative apperceive ability of legitimate users in Collaborative virtual battlefield discussion enviroment;
●Custom the space range of virtual battlefield enviroment used in Collaborative operation, and Collaboratively deliberate on the preestablished task, manoeuvre plan, campaign purpose in this approximatively real enviroment.
Collaborative virtual battlefield discussion enviroment is the extent and development of traditional Collaborative virtual enviroment, integrates cyber-cooperation, virtaul reality, internet-based 3D visualization, media streaming, becomes a new method of military automated command system ensurer under high tech condition. This paper reseaches the theory and realization techniques of Collaborative virtual battlefield discussion enviroment deeply based on enough understand of Collaborative virtual enviroment theory, and explores a prototype sysytem.
This paper's main work is as following:
(1) After sufficient discussion of Collaborative virtual enviroment model system, bring forward the framework system of Collaborative virtual battlefield discussion enviroment, carry out elementary realization and practice;
(2) Implement the network display of 3D virtual enviroment based on Java and JOGL, solve the mass data net transfers problem by dint of Java's net and paltform independency;
(3) Achieve reasonable use of media streaming in distributed Collaborative virtual battlefield discussion enviroment, satify the requirements of real time deliberation in millitary training and manoeuvre, and realize Collaborative work under distributed cinditions;
(4) Study and basically accomplish Collaborative military plotting, offer real time long distance Collaborative work mode of battlefield state plotting;
(5) Explores the prototype sysytem;
引文
[1]魏迎梅等译.虚拟现实技术(第二版)[M].电子工业出版社.北京(2005年出版)
[2]Joslin.C.Di Giacomo,T.Magnenat-Thalmann,N.Collaborative virtual environments:from birth to standardization.Communications Magazine,IEEE,Volume:42,Issue:4,Apr 2004
[3]王少卿.异构CVE系统研究[D],硕士学位论文,浙江大学.2005.3.
[4]高俊.数字化战场的基础建设,解放军出版社,2004.11
[5]潘志庚,姜晓红,张明敏,石教英.分布式虚拟环境综述[J].软件学报,2000,11(4).
[6]Snowdon S,Greenhalgh C,et al.A review of distributed architecture for networked VR[J].VR:Research,Development and Application,1996,2(1).
[7]王柏,王红熳,邹华.分布计算环境,北京邮电大学出版社,2000
[8]Marco Brasse,Nico Kuijpers.Realizing a Platform for Collaboration Virtual Environments Based on the High Level Architecture.Proc.2000 Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop,March 2000,Orlando,Florida,USA.
[9]Luis Manuel Borges Gouveia.Visualization and Direct Mainipulation Issues for Human Systems D evelopment,http://citeseer.nj.net.com/375478.html.
[10]潘邦传,王锐,刘宗田.多Agent系统的协同[J],计算机工程与应用,2002.9
[11]杨孟洲,姜晓红,潘志庚等.基于多用户分布式虚拟环境系统中MUDVE的实现技术。计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001.13(2)
[12]Andreas Muller,Martin Leissler,Matthias Hemmje et all.Towards the Virtual Internet Gallery.Proc eedings of IEEE Multimedia Computing and Systems,pp.214-219,Florence,Italy,1999.
[13]潘明阳.结合VRML和Web GIS技术构建数字港,大连海事大学学报,2001.5
[14]D.Brutzman,M.Zyda,K.Watsen,M.Macedonia.Virtual reality transfer protocol(VRTP)design ratio nale.In Proc of IEEE workshops on Enabling Technologies:Infrastructure for Collaborative Ente rprises,1997:179-186.
[15]R.Waters,D.B.Anderson,D.L.Schwenke.Design of the Interactive Sharing Transfer Protocol.Ⅰ n Proc of IEEE workshops on Enabling Technologies:Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises,1997:140-147.
[16]J.Robinson,S.Dumoulin,J.Stewart.MVIP-Ⅱ:a protocol for enabling communication in collaborative virtual environments.In Proce of International.Conference on 3D Web Technology,2003:155-160.
[17]S.Shirmohammadi,N.D.Georganas.An end-to-end communication architecture for collaborative virtual environments.Computer Networks,2001,35:351-367
[18]M.Mauve,V Hilt,C.Kuhmunch,W.Effelsberg.RTP/Ⅰ-toward a common application level p rotocol for distributed interactive media.IEEE Transaction on Multimedia,3(1),2 001:152-161.
[19]D2.3,Initial Business Application.http://coven.lancs.ac.uk/4/deliverables/de123.pdf.
[20]朱其亮,郑斌.CORBA原理及应用[M],北京邮电大学出版社,2001
[21]彭波等.Java多媒体技术[M].清华大学出版社.北京(2005年出版).
[22]刘东华,王巍,唐刚译.Java网络编成[M].中国电力出版社,北京(2001年8月).
[23]杜蔚.基于流媒体的虚拟地理环境研究[J].计算机仿真,2005年第2期
[24]张书亮、闾国年等。网络地理信息系统[M]。科学出版社.北京(2005年出版).
[25]曾军.三维标图系统的研究与实践[D].解放军信息工程大学测绘学院硕士论文,2000.
[26]王净.基于COM结构的军事标图组件的设计与实现[D].测绘学院硕士论文,2003.
[27]许敏.基于遥感信息的战场态势可视化技术研究[D].测绘学院硕士论文,2004.
[28]游雄.基于虚拟现实技术的战场环境仿真,《测绘学报》,2002年第一期
[29]王勇,谭海,刘纪平.利用Java3D技术在三层B/S结构下实现三维地形可视化[J],测绘科学,2004.8.
[30]Otto Borchert,Aron Bergstrom,Jill Hockemeyer et all.Recent Advances in Immersive Virtual World s for Education.Proceedings of the 34th Annual Midwest Instruction and Computing Symposiu m(MICS-01),Ceder Falls,IA.April 5-7,2001.
[31]吕秋灵,张俊霞.三维地形可视化及其实时显示方法[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2002.7
[32]王永明.地形可视化[J],中国图象图形学报,第5卷(A版)第6期,2000.6.
[33]万刚,陈刚.虚拟城市中地物几何建模技术的研究[J],测绘学报,2002.
[34]杜莹.全球多分辨率虚拟地形环境关键技术的研究[D],博士学位论文,信息工程大学.2004.4.
[35]Theresa Marie Rhyne.A commentary on GeoVRML:a tool for 3D representation of georeferenc ed data on the web[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,1999,Vol.1 3,No.4,p439-443.
[36]SRI International.Overview.http://www.tvgeo.com/overview.shtml,2001.
[37]The Java 3DTM 1.2 API Specification[OL].http://Java.sun.com/products/Java-media/3D/
[38]SunMicroSystems,Java3DAPICollateral.http://Java.sun.com/products/Java-media/3D/collateral/
[39]http://www.google.com
[40]武志强.军事态势可视化研究与实践[D].硕士论文,信息工程大学,2000.
[41]张文诗等.军事地形学[M].解放军出版社.北京.
[42]张晶.协同虚拟环境导航与空间感知研究[D].博士论文,信息工程大学,2005.
[43]萧仁惠.JDBC数据库程序设计,中国铁道出版社,2004.
[44]万刚.适人化虚拟地理环境的构建理论与技术研究[D].博士论文,信息工程大学,2006.
[2]Joslin.C.Di Giacomo,T.Magnenat-Thalmann,N.Collaborative virtual environments:from birth to standardization.Communications Magazine,IEEE,Volume:42,Issue:4,Apr 2004
[3]王少卿.异构CVE系统研究[D],硕士学位论文,浙江大学.2005.3.
[4]高俊.数字化战场的基础建设,解放军出版社,2004.11
[5]潘志庚,姜晓红,张明敏,石教英.分布式虚拟环境综述[J].软件学报,2000,11(4).
[6]Snowdon S,Greenhalgh C,et al.A review of distributed architecture for networked VR[J].VR:Research,Development and Application,1996,2(1).
[7]王柏,王红熳,邹华.分布计算环境,北京邮电大学出版社,2000
[8]Marco Brasse,Nico Kuijpers.Realizing a Platform for Collaboration Virtual Environments Based on the High Level Architecture.Proc.2000 Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop,March 2000,Orlando,Florida,USA.
[9]Luis Manuel Borges Gouveia.Visualization and Direct Mainipulation Issues for Human Systems D evelopment,http://citeseer.nj.net.com/375478.html.
[10]潘邦传,王锐,刘宗田.多Agent系统的协同[J],计算机工程与应用,2002.9
[11]杨孟洲,姜晓红,潘志庚等.基于多用户分布式虚拟环境系统中MUDVE的实现技术。计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2001.13(2)
[12]Andreas Muller,Martin Leissler,Matthias Hemmje et all.Towards the Virtual Internet Gallery.Proc eedings of IEEE Multimedia Computing and Systems,pp.214-219,Florence,Italy,1999.
[13]潘明阳.结合VRML和Web GIS技术构建数字港,大连海事大学学报,2001.5
[14]D.Brutzman,M.Zyda,K.Watsen,M.Macedonia.Virtual reality transfer protocol(VRTP)design ratio nale.In Proc of IEEE workshops on Enabling Technologies:Infrastructure for Collaborative Ente rprises,1997:179-186.
[15]R.Waters,D.B.Anderson,D.L.Schwenke.Design of the Interactive Sharing Transfer Protocol.Ⅰ n Proc of IEEE workshops on Enabling Technologies:Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises,1997:140-147.
[16]J.Robinson,S.Dumoulin,J.Stewart.MVIP-Ⅱ:a protocol for enabling communication in collaborative virtual environments.In Proce of International.Conference on 3D Web Technology,2003:155-160.
[17]S.Shirmohammadi,N.D.Georganas.An end-to-end communication architecture for collaborative virtual environments.Computer Networks,2001,35:351-367
[18]M.Mauve,V Hilt,C.Kuhmunch,W.Effelsberg.RTP/Ⅰ-toward a common application level p rotocol for distributed interactive media.IEEE Transaction on Multimedia,3(1),2 001:152-161.
[19]D2.3,Initial Business Application.http://coven.lancs.ac.uk/4/deliverables/de123.pdf.
[20]朱其亮,郑斌.CORBA原理及应用[M],北京邮电大学出版社,2001
[21]彭波等.Java多媒体技术[M].清华大学出版社.北京(2005年出版).
[22]刘东华,王巍,唐刚译.Java网络编成[M].中国电力出版社,北京(2001年8月).
[23]杜蔚.基于流媒体的虚拟地理环境研究[J].计算机仿真,2005年第2期
[24]张书亮、闾国年等。网络地理信息系统[M]。科学出版社.北京(2005年出版).
[25]曾军.三维标图系统的研究与实践[D].解放军信息工程大学测绘学院硕士论文,2000.
[26]王净.基于COM结构的军事标图组件的设计与实现[D].测绘学院硕士论文,2003.
[27]许敏.基于遥感信息的战场态势可视化技术研究[D].测绘学院硕士论文,2004.
[28]游雄.基于虚拟现实技术的战场环境仿真,《测绘学报》,2002年第一期
[29]王勇,谭海,刘纪平.利用Java3D技术在三层B/S结构下实现三维地形可视化[J],测绘科学,2004.8.
[30]Otto Borchert,Aron Bergstrom,Jill Hockemeyer et all.Recent Advances in Immersive Virtual World s for Education.Proceedings of the 34th Annual Midwest Instruction and Computing Symposiu m(MICS-01),Ceder Falls,IA.April 5-7,2001.
[31]吕秋灵,张俊霞.三维地形可视化及其实时显示方法[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2002.7
[32]王永明.地形可视化[J],中国图象图形学报,第5卷(A版)第6期,2000.6.
[33]万刚,陈刚.虚拟城市中地物几何建模技术的研究[J],测绘学报,2002.
[34]杜莹.全球多分辨率虚拟地形环境关键技术的研究[D],博士学位论文,信息工程大学.2004.4.
[35]Theresa Marie Rhyne.A commentary on GeoVRML:a tool for 3D representation of georeferenc ed data on the web[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,1999,Vol.1 3,No.4,p439-443.
[36]SRI International.Overview.http://www.tvgeo.com/overview.shtml,2001.
[37]The Java 3DTM 1.2 API Specification[OL].http://Java.sun.com/products/Java-media/3D/
[38]SunMicroSystems,Java3DAPICollateral.http://Java.sun.com/products/Java-media/3D/collateral/
[39]http://www.google.com
[40]武志强.军事态势可视化研究与实践[D].硕士论文,信息工程大学,2000.
[41]张文诗等.军事地形学[M].解放军出版社.北京.
[42]张晶.协同虚拟环境导航与空间感知研究[D].博士论文,信息工程大学,2005.
[43]萧仁惠.JDBC数据库程序设计,中国铁道出版社,2004.
[44]万刚.适人化虚拟地理环境的构建理论与技术研究[D].博士论文,信息工程大学,2006.