电网中谐波的实时检测
|
摘要
随着电力电子技术的发展,供电系统中增加了大量的非线性负载,向电网中注入谐波,严重地影响电能质量和供电安全。有源滤波APF是解决谐波问题的最佳方法,其主要思路是检测出谐波和无功电流,然后进行补偿和抑制控制。APF国外研究比较成熟,国内研究基本上还是处在理论和实验室研究阶段,工程应用上的比较少。
有源滤波系统中一个关键的环节是谐波和无功电流的检测,如何实时准确的检测出谐波是实现精确补偿控制的前提,也是有源滤波技术应用所急需解决的课题。本文综合国内外有源滤波器的研发技术现状,针对各种谐波和无功电流的检测方法,进行分析讨论,设计出一套行之有效的方案。硬件结构上分为信号检测和控制两部分。检测板实现信号的处理和转换,控制板对采集的数据进行运算,检测板和控制板之间通过SPI通讯,为了实现电气隔离,信号通过光纤进行传输。硬件电路从设计方案到芯片选型都考虑到信号检测的实时性和准确性;软件上,对采集的数据进行解码,得出各路信号的实际值,再依据瞬时无功功率理论,采用ip、iq运算方式,通过坐标变换和数字滤波,得出谐波和无功电流分量。在软件编写中,考虑了程序模块化和参数可修改等因素。
文中对各部份的设计细节进行了详尽介绍,并搭建了实验和仿真平台。对实验中基于光纤通讯出现的时序问题进行了探讨;对信号检测中的实验波形和部分实验现象作了初步分析;利用Saber仿真软件对基于瞬时无功功率理论的谐波检测方法进行了验证。试验证明,该设计方案实用可行,达到预定的设计目标。
With the development of power electronics technology, lots of nonlinear load appears in power supply system which injects harmonics into power line so that the electric energy quality and power supply safety are heavily affected. APF (Active power Filter) is the optimal solution to harmonics, which is achieved through detecting the harmonics and idle current, then making compensation and exerting suppression control.
The research on APF has been mature at abroad, however which on the whole is still at the stage of theory and laboratory research with less applications in engineering at home. The crucial part in APF system is the detection of harmonics and idle current, and how to detect harmonics accurately under real time is the premise of implementing precise compensation control and is also the needed-to-solve problem of APF application technology. In this thesis, an effective scheme is proposed after making discussion, combined the research technology status at home and abroad, on various kinds of detecting methods of harmonics and idle current. The hardware structure is divided into two parts—signal detection and control.
The crucial part in APF system is the detection of harmonics and idle current, and how to detect harmonics accurately under real time is the premise of implementing precise compensation control and is also the needed-to-solve problem of APF application technology. In this thesis, an effective scheme is proposed after making discussion, combined the research technology status at home and abroad, on various kinds of detecting methods of harmonics and idle current. The hardware structure is divided into two parts—signal detection and control.
有源滤波系统中一个关键的环节是谐波和无功电流的检测,如何实时准确的检测出谐波是实现精确补偿控制的前提,也是有源滤波技术应用所急需解决的课题。本文综合国内外有源滤波器的研发技术现状,针对各种谐波和无功电流的检测方法,进行分析讨论,设计出一套行之有效的方案。硬件结构上分为信号检测和控制两部分。检测板实现信号的处理和转换,控制板对采集的数据进行运算,检测板和控制板之间通过SPI通讯,为了实现电气隔离,信号通过光纤进行传输。硬件电路从设计方案到芯片选型都考虑到信号检测的实时性和准确性;软件上,对采集的数据进行解码,得出各路信号的实际值,再依据瞬时无功功率理论,采用ip、iq运算方式,通过坐标变换和数字滤波,得出谐波和无功电流分量。在软件编写中,考虑了程序模块化和参数可修改等因素。
文中对各部份的设计细节进行了详尽介绍,并搭建了实验和仿真平台。对实验中基于光纤通讯出现的时序问题进行了探讨;对信号检测中的实验波形和部分实验现象作了初步分析;利用Saber仿真软件对基于瞬时无功功率理论的谐波检测方法进行了验证。试验证明,该设计方案实用可行,达到预定的设计目标。
With the development of power electronics technology, lots of nonlinear load appears in power supply system which injects harmonics into power line so that the electric energy quality and power supply safety are heavily affected. APF (Active power Filter) is the optimal solution to harmonics, which is achieved through detecting the harmonics and idle current, then making compensation and exerting suppression control.
The research on APF has been mature at abroad, however which on the whole is still at the stage of theory and laboratory research with less applications in engineering at home. The crucial part in APF system is the detection of harmonics and idle current, and how to detect harmonics accurately under real time is the premise of implementing precise compensation control and is also the needed-to-solve problem of APF application technology. In this thesis, an effective scheme is proposed after making discussion, combined the research technology status at home and abroad, on various kinds of detecting methods of harmonics and idle current. The hardware structure is divided into two parts—signal detection and control.
The crucial part in APF system is the detection of harmonics and idle current, and how to detect harmonics accurately under real time is the premise of implementing precise compensation control and is also the needed-to-solve problem of APF application technology. In this thesis, an effective scheme is proposed after making discussion, combined the research technology status at home and abroad, on various kinds of detecting methods of harmonics and idle current. The hardware structure is divided into two parts—signal detection and control.
引文
[1]张桂斌,徐政,王广柱.基于空间矢量的基波正序、负序分量及谐波分量的实时检测方法.中国电机工程学报.2001,21(10):1-5.
[2]李民,王兆安,卓放.基于瞬时无功率理论的高次谐波和无功功率检测.电力电子技术,1992,No.2:14-17
[3]陆廷信,郁建中.三相电路瞬时电流中有功、无功及畸变电流的快速检测装置及其仿真的研究.电气传动.1991,21(1):32-39.
[4]徐金榜,三相电压源PWM整流器控制技术研究,华中科技大学博士论文,2004.12.
[5]陈慧青,江桦,奚家熹,叶金来.高速ADC电路的电磁兼容设计.福建工程学院学报, 2004,2(2):161-163
[6]吴军基,刘皓明,孟绍良,倪黔东.小波滤波器在电力系统谐波检测中的应用.电力系统及其自动化学报.1999,11(5-6):50-5.
[7]杨桦,任震,唐卓尧.基于小波变换检测谐波的新方法.电力系统自动化1997,21(10):39-41
[8]清源科技. TMS320LF240xDSP应用程序设计教程.北京:机械工业出版社, 2003
[9]陈伯时.自动控制系统.北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,1988
[10] T. Jauch, A. Kara, M. Rahmani, D. Westermann. Power Quality Ensured by Dynamic Voltage Correction. ABB Review. 1998,(4):25-36.
[11] Bird B M, Marsh JF,Mclellan P R, Harmonic reduction in multiple converters by triple-frequence current injection. Proc IEE.
[12] Sasald H, Machida T A New Method to Eliminate AC Harmonic Currents Magnetic Compensation Consideration on Basic Design. IEEE Trans. on PAS, 1971, 90(5):2009-2019
[13] Gyugyi L, Strycula E C. Active AC Power Filters. In: Proceedings of IEEE/IAS Annual meeting, 1976:529-53.
[14] Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabae A. Generalized theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits [C]. In: IEEE&JIEE. Proceedings IPEC. Tokyo: 1983:1375~ 1386
[15] Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabae A.Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components [J]. IEEE TransInd Appl,1984,20(3) :625~630
[16] Juan Carlos Montano Asquerino, Manuel Castilla Ibanez, Antonio Lopez Ojeda, Jaime Gutierrez Benitez. Measurement of Apparent Power Components in the Frequency Domain. IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation andMeasurement. 1990,39(4): 583—587.
[17] Piotr Filipski. The Measurement of Distortion Current and Distortion Power.IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement. 1984,33(1):3640.
[18] M. EI-Habrouk, M. K. Darwish. Design and Implementation of a Modified Fourier Analysis Harmonic Current Computation Technique for Power Active Filters Using DSPs. IEE Proceedings: Electric Power Applications.2001, 148(1):21—27.
[19] D. Nedeljkovic, J. Nastran, D. Voncina, V. Ambrozic. Synchronization of Active Power Filter Current Reference to the Network. IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics. 1999,46(2):333-339.
[20] W. Dixon, J. J. Garcia, L. Moran. Control System for Three-Phase Active Power Filter Which Simultaneously Compensates Power Factor and Unbalanced Loads. IEEE Trans. on industrial Electronics. 1995, 42(6):636—641.
[21] Dongsheng Zhou, Didier G. Rouaud. Dead-Time Effect and Compensation of Three-Level Neutral Point Clamp Inverters for High-Performance Drive Applications. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics. 1999,14(4):782-788.
[22] M. Rukonuzzaman, M. Nakaoka. An Advanced Active Power Filter with Adaptive Neural Network Based Harmonic Detection Scheme. IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference.2001,(3): 1602-1607.
[23] Vasco soares, Pedro Verdelho and Gil D. Marque. An Instantaneous Active and Reactive Current Component Method for Active Filters. IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics. 2000,15(4):660-669.
[24] P. F. Wojciak, D. A. Torrey. The Design and Implementation of Active Power Filters Based on Variable Structure System Concepts. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting. 1992,(2):850-857.
[25] Dixon, J. Contardo, L. Moran. DC Link Control for an Active Power Filter Sensing the Line Current Only. IEEE Annual Power Electrnics Specialists Conference. 1997,(2):1109-1114.
[26] Luigi Malesani, Paolo Mattavelli, Paolo Tomasin. High-Performance Hysteresis Modulation Technique for Active Filters. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics. 1997,12(5):876-884.
[27] C. T. Pan,T. Y. Chang. An Improved Hysteresis Current Controller for Reducing Switching Frequency. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics.1994,9(1): 97-104.
[28] Kalyan P. Gokhale, Atsuo Kawamura, Richard G. Hoft. Dead Beat Microprocessor Control of PWM Inverter for Sinusoidal Output Waveform Synthesis.IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications. 1987,23(5):901-909
[29] S. Y. Wang, C. M. Hong, C. C. Liu, W. T. Yang. Design of a Static Reactive Power Compensator Using Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control. International Journal of Control. 1996, 63(2):393-413.
[30] Y. M. Chen, R. M. O. Connell. Active Power Line Conditioner with a Neural Network Control. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.1996, (4): 2259-2264.
[31] B. Burton, F. Karman, R. G. Harley, T. G. Habetler, M. A. Brooke, R. Poddar. Identification and Control of Induction Motor Stator Currents Using Fast On-line Random Training of a Neural Network. IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications. 1997,33(3): 697-704.
[32] S. J. Huang, J. C. Wu. Design and operation of cascaded active power filters for the reduction of harmonic distortions in a power. IEE Proceedings: Generation, Transmission and Distribution. 1999,146(2):193-199.
[33] Seung-Gi Jeong, Myung-Ho Woo. DSP-based Active Power Filter with Predictive Current Control. IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics. 1997, 44(3):329-336.
[34] John H. Marks, Tim C.Green. Predictive Transient-Following Control of Shunt and Series Active Power Filters. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics.2002, 17(4):574-584.
[35] Frede Blaabjerg, Dorin O. Neacsu, John K. Pedersen. Adaptive SVM to Compensate DC-Link Voltage Ripple for Four-Switch Three-Phase Voltage-Source Inverters.IEEE Trans, on Power Electronics. 1999,14(4):743-752
[36] Seven-level shunt active power filterMassoud, A.M.; Finney, S.J.; Williams, B.W.;Harmonics and Quality of Power, 2004. 11th International Conference on,12-15 Sept. 2004 Page(s):136– 141.
[37] An active power filter implemented with a three-level NPC converter conjunction with the classification technique Saeedifard, M.; Bakhshai, A.R.; Jain, P.; Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2003. IEEE CCECE 2003. Canadian Conference onVolume 1, 4-7 May 2003 Page(s):503– 507.
[38] Ribeiro, R.L.A.; Profumo, F.; Jacobina, C.B.; Pennetta, G.; Da Silva, E.R.C.; Lima,A.M.N.; A suitable control strategy for integrating an active power filter and a VAr compensator operating under unbalanced conditions of the power mains .Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2004. APEC '04. Nineteenth Annual IEEE.
[39] Lee, G.-M.; Dong-Choon Lee; Jul-Ki Seok; Control of series active power filters compensating for source voltage unbalance and current harmonics, Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions onVolume 51, Issue 1, Feb. 2004 Page(s):132– 139.
[40]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.7
[41]杨万开,肖湘宁,杨以涵.电网中三相电压不对称谐波及负序电流检测方法的研究,电网技术.1997,21(11):45-48.
[42]王建良,崔桂梅,任永峰.并联型有源滤波器中电感值的计算.控制工程, 2003,10(5):478-450.
[43]涂春鸣,罗安.混合有源滤波系统中输出滤波器电感变化对系统性能的影响分析.电力系统及其自动化学报. 2003,10(5):54-58.
[44]王群,谢品芳,吴宁,苏向丰.模拟电路实现的神经元自适应谐波电流检测方法.中国电机工程学报.1999,19(6):42-46.
[45]张炜,电力系统分析,中国水利水电出版社,1999年12月第1版.
[46]丁洪发,电力系统三相不对称补偿的理论及技术研究,华中科技大学博士论文,2002.5.
[47]林渭勋等.现代电力电子电路.浙江:浙江大学出版社,2002.6
[48]江思敏等.TMS320LF240X DSP硬件开发教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.6
[2]李民,王兆安,卓放.基于瞬时无功率理论的高次谐波和无功功率检测.电力电子技术,1992,No.2:14-17
[3]陆廷信,郁建中.三相电路瞬时电流中有功、无功及畸变电流的快速检测装置及其仿真的研究.电气传动.1991,21(1):32-39.
[4]徐金榜,三相电压源PWM整流器控制技术研究,华中科技大学博士论文,2004.12.
[5]陈慧青,江桦,奚家熹,叶金来.高速ADC电路的电磁兼容设计.福建工程学院学报, 2004,2(2):161-163
[6]吴军基,刘皓明,孟绍良,倪黔东.小波滤波器在电力系统谐波检测中的应用.电力系统及其自动化学报.1999,11(5-6):50-5.
[7]杨桦,任震,唐卓尧.基于小波变换检测谐波的新方法.电力系统自动化1997,21(10):39-41
[8]清源科技. TMS320LF240xDSP应用程序设计教程.北京:机械工业出版社, 2003
[9]陈伯时.自动控制系统.北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,1988
[10] T. Jauch, A. Kara, M. Rahmani, D. Westermann. Power Quality Ensured by Dynamic Voltage Correction. ABB Review. 1998,(4):25-36.
[11] Bird B M, Marsh JF,Mclellan P R, Harmonic reduction in multiple converters by triple-frequence current injection. Proc IEE.
[12] Sasald H, Machida T A New Method to Eliminate AC Harmonic Currents Magnetic Compensation Consideration on Basic Design. IEEE Trans. on PAS, 1971, 90(5):2009-2019
[13] Gyugyi L, Strycula E C. Active AC Power Filters. In: Proceedings of IEEE/IAS Annual meeting, 1976:529-53.
[14] Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabae A. Generalized theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits [C]. In: IEEE&JIEE. Proceedings IPEC. Tokyo: 1983:1375~ 1386
[15] Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabae A.Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components [J]. IEEE TransInd Appl,1984,20(3) :625~630
[16] Juan Carlos Montano Asquerino, Manuel Castilla Ibanez, Antonio Lopez Ojeda, Jaime Gutierrez Benitez. Measurement of Apparent Power Components in the Frequency Domain. IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation andMeasurement. 1990,39(4): 583—587.
[17] Piotr Filipski. The Measurement of Distortion Current and Distortion Power.IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement. 1984,33(1):3640.
[18] M. EI-Habrouk, M. K. Darwish. Design and Implementation of a Modified Fourier Analysis Harmonic Current Computation Technique for Power Active Filters Using DSPs. IEE Proceedings: Electric Power Applications.2001, 148(1):21—27.
[19] D. Nedeljkovic, J. Nastran, D. Voncina, V. Ambrozic. Synchronization of Active Power Filter Current Reference to the Network. IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics. 1999,46(2):333-339.
[20] W. Dixon, J. J. Garcia, L. Moran. Control System for Three-Phase Active Power Filter Which Simultaneously Compensates Power Factor and Unbalanced Loads. IEEE Trans. on industrial Electronics. 1995, 42(6):636—641.
[21] Dongsheng Zhou, Didier G. Rouaud. Dead-Time Effect and Compensation of Three-Level Neutral Point Clamp Inverters for High-Performance Drive Applications. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics. 1999,14(4):782-788.
[22] M. Rukonuzzaman, M. Nakaoka. An Advanced Active Power Filter with Adaptive Neural Network Based Harmonic Detection Scheme. IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference.2001,(3): 1602-1607.
[23] Vasco soares, Pedro Verdelho and Gil D. Marque. An Instantaneous Active and Reactive Current Component Method for Active Filters. IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics. 2000,15(4):660-669.
[24] P. F. Wojciak, D. A. Torrey. The Design and Implementation of Active Power Filters Based on Variable Structure System Concepts. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting. 1992,(2):850-857.
[25] Dixon, J. Contardo, L. Moran. DC Link Control for an Active Power Filter Sensing the Line Current Only. IEEE Annual Power Electrnics Specialists Conference. 1997,(2):1109-1114.
[26] Luigi Malesani, Paolo Mattavelli, Paolo Tomasin. High-Performance Hysteresis Modulation Technique for Active Filters. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics. 1997,12(5):876-884.
[27] C. T. Pan,T. Y. Chang. An Improved Hysteresis Current Controller for Reducing Switching Frequency. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics.1994,9(1): 97-104.
[28] Kalyan P. Gokhale, Atsuo Kawamura, Richard G. Hoft. Dead Beat Microprocessor Control of PWM Inverter for Sinusoidal Output Waveform Synthesis.IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications. 1987,23(5):901-909
[29] S. Y. Wang, C. M. Hong, C. C. Liu, W. T. Yang. Design of a Static Reactive Power Compensator Using Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control. International Journal of Control. 1996, 63(2):393-413.
[30] Y. M. Chen, R. M. O. Connell. Active Power Line Conditioner with a Neural Network Control. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.1996, (4): 2259-2264.
[31] B. Burton, F. Karman, R. G. Harley, T. G. Habetler, M. A. Brooke, R. Poddar. Identification and Control of Induction Motor Stator Currents Using Fast On-line Random Training of a Neural Network. IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications. 1997,33(3): 697-704.
[32] S. J. Huang, J. C. Wu. Design and operation of cascaded active power filters for the reduction of harmonic distortions in a power. IEE Proceedings: Generation, Transmission and Distribution. 1999,146(2):193-199.
[33] Seung-Gi Jeong, Myung-Ho Woo. DSP-based Active Power Filter with Predictive Current Control. IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics. 1997, 44(3):329-336.
[34] John H. Marks, Tim C.Green. Predictive Transient-Following Control of Shunt and Series Active Power Filters. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics.2002, 17(4):574-584.
[35] Frede Blaabjerg, Dorin O. Neacsu, John K. Pedersen. Adaptive SVM to Compensate DC-Link Voltage Ripple for Four-Switch Three-Phase Voltage-Source Inverters.IEEE Trans, on Power Electronics. 1999,14(4):743-752
[36] Seven-level shunt active power filterMassoud, A.M.; Finney, S.J.; Williams, B.W.;Harmonics and Quality of Power, 2004. 11th International Conference on,12-15 Sept. 2004 Page(s):136– 141.
[37] An active power filter implemented with a three-level NPC converter conjunction with the classification technique Saeedifard, M.; Bakhshai, A.R.; Jain, P.; Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2003. IEEE CCECE 2003. Canadian Conference onVolume 1, 4-7 May 2003 Page(s):503– 507.
[38] Ribeiro, R.L.A.; Profumo, F.; Jacobina, C.B.; Pennetta, G.; Da Silva, E.R.C.; Lima,A.M.N.; A suitable control strategy for integrating an active power filter and a VAr compensator operating under unbalanced conditions of the power mains .Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2004. APEC '04. Nineteenth Annual IEEE.
[39] Lee, G.-M.; Dong-Choon Lee; Jul-Ki Seok; Control of series active power filters compensating for source voltage unbalance and current harmonics, Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions onVolume 51, Issue 1, Feb. 2004 Page(s):132– 139.
[40]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.7
[41]杨万开,肖湘宁,杨以涵.电网中三相电压不对称谐波及负序电流检测方法的研究,电网技术.1997,21(11):45-48.
[42]王建良,崔桂梅,任永峰.并联型有源滤波器中电感值的计算.控制工程, 2003,10(5):478-450.
[43]涂春鸣,罗安.混合有源滤波系统中输出滤波器电感变化对系统性能的影响分析.电力系统及其自动化学报. 2003,10(5):54-58.
[44]王群,谢品芳,吴宁,苏向丰.模拟电路实现的神经元自适应谐波电流检测方法.中国电机工程学报.1999,19(6):42-46.
[45]张炜,电力系统分析,中国水利水电出版社,1999年12月第1版.
[46]丁洪发,电力系统三相不对称补偿的理论及技术研究,华中科技大学博士论文,2002.5.
[47]林渭勋等.现代电力电子电路.浙江:浙江大学出版社,2002.6
[48]江思敏等.TMS320LF240X DSP硬件开发教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.6