四川裂腹鱼核型及遗传多样性研究
|
摘要
四川裂腹鱼(Schizothorax(Racoma)kozlovi)隶属于鲤形目(Cypriniformes)、鲤科(Cyprinidae)、裂腹鱼亚科(Schizothoracinae)、裂腹鱼属(SchizothoraxHeckel)、裂尻鱼亚属(Racoma Mcclelland),分布于我国长江水系雅砻江、金沙江、乌江。四川裂腹鱼肉质细嫩,富含不饱和脂肪酸,为高档食用经济鱼类。近20年来,由于酷渔滥捕、水域污染以及大量水上建筑的出现,该种鱼的资源、自然分布区域日趋减少。目前,在贵州境内乌江水系,四川裂腹鱼的分布区仅限于上游江段,种群数量急剧减少。到目前为止,对四川裂腹鱼的研究主要集中在系统进化与分类、地理分布、繁殖等方面,有关四川裂腹鱼核型以及从分子水平对其种群进行遗传多样性的研究至今尚未见报道。
本研究采用活体体内注射PHA法,结果表明:染色体数2n=128,核型公式为:26m+22sm+24st+56t,染色体臂数(NF)176。初步认为四川裂腹鱼可能是多倍化了的六倍体,在裂腹鱼亚科中进化地位比较低,较原始。
线粒体DNA(mtDNA)是分子生物学研究的一个热门领域,已经被广泛地应用于鱼类进化生物学和群体遗传学研究。本实验首次采用mtDNA分子标记方法对四川裂腹鱼遗传多样性进行研究。利用PCR扩增和直接测序法分析了乌江流域四川裂腹鱼32尾样品,对mtDNA控制区(D-Loop)3'端共计464bp的碱基序列进行了测定分析,共发现9个变异位点,占分析位点总数的1.94%,定义了9种单倍型。核苷酸多样度(π)为0.00324,平均核苷酸差异数(K)为1.500,单倍型间平均遗传距离(P)为0.0060。用单倍型间的遗传距离构建的NJ系统树和UPGMA系统树,分属2个支系。目前四川裂腹鱼乌江种群遗传多样性较低。
Schizothorax(Racoma) kozlovi belongs to Schizothorax,Schizothoracinae, Cyprinidae and Cypriniformes.It is distributed in the Yalong River,Jinsha River and Wujiang River of the Yangtze River systems in China.In the past 20 years, over-fished,water pollution and dams over the rivers have resulted in the gradually decline of the fish resources and natural distribution.At present,Schizothorax (Racoma) kozlovi,the population of which shows sharp decline,distributed only in the upstream of the Wujiang river.So far,the research on Schizothorax(Racoma) kozlovi focuses on phylogenetic classification,geographical distribution,reproduction and so on.It has not been reported about the karyotype and genetic diversity of this species.
In this paper,the karyotype of Schizothorax(Racoma) kozlovi was studied by the method of PHA(phytohaemagglutinin) injection in vivo.The result showed that the diploid chromosome number of Schizothorax(Racoma) kozlovi is 128,it's karyotype formula is 26m+22sm+24st+56t,NF=176.It was considered that Schizothorax (Racoma) kozlovi is likely to be hexaploid that already is diploidizated.It is infered that Schizothorax(Racoma) kozlovi is the very primitive group in Schizothoracinae. Recently,the study on mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) is a hot field in molecular biology research,mitochondrial DNA as an ideal genetic marker has been successfully applied to the research of the evolutionary biology of fishes and the population genetics.A total of 9 variable sites(accounted for1.94%of the analysis variable sites) were detected.By sequencing,the 464 bp from 3 end of mtDNA D-loop in the 32 specimen of the species,which were collected from the Wujiang River in Guizhou,9 haplotypes were defined,the nucleotide diversity(π) is 0.00324, the average number of nucleotide diffences(K) is 1.500,and the average genetic distance(P) between the haplotypes of the samples is 0.0060.The NJ phylogenetic tree and UPGMA phylogenetic tree of the 9 haplotypes belong to 2 branches.It is extremely necessary to protect the population of Schizothorax(Racoma) kozlovi from the Wujiang River.
本研究采用活体体内注射PHA法,结果表明:染色体数2n=128,核型公式为:26m+22sm+24st+56t,染色体臂数(NF)176。初步认为四川裂腹鱼可能是多倍化了的六倍体,在裂腹鱼亚科中进化地位比较低,较原始。
线粒体DNA(mtDNA)是分子生物学研究的一个热门领域,已经被广泛地应用于鱼类进化生物学和群体遗传学研究。本实验首次采用mtDNA分子标记方法对四川裂腹鱼遗传多样性进行研究。利用PCR扩增和直接测序法分析了乌江流域四川裂腹鱼32尾样品,对mtDNA控制区(D-Loop)3'端共计464bp的碱基序列进行了测定分析,共发现9个变异位点,占分析位点总数的1.94%,定义了9种单倍型。核苷酸多样度(π)为0.00324,平均核苷酸差异数(K)为1.500,单倍型间平均遗传距离(P)为0.0060。用单倍型间的遗传距离构建的NJ系统树和UPGMA系统树,分属2个支系。目前四川裂腹鱼乌江种群遗传多样性较低。
Schizothorax(Racoma) kozlovi belongs to Schizothorax,Schizothoracinae, Cyprinidae and Cypriniformes.It is distributed in the Yalong River,Jinsha River and Wujiang River of the Yangtze River systems in China.In the past 20 years, over-fished,water pollution and dams over the rivers have resulted in the gradually decline of the fish resources and natural distribution.At present,Schizothorax (Racoma) kozlovi,the population of which shows sharp decline,distributed only in the upstream of the Wujiang river.So far,the research on Schizothorax(Racoma) kozlovi focuses on phylogenetic classification,geographical distribution,reproduction and so on.It has not been reported about the karyotype and genetic diversity of this species.
In this paper,the karyotype of Schizothorax(Racoma) kozlovi was studied by the method of PHA(phytohaemagglutinin) injection in vivo.The result showed that the diploid chromosome number of Schizothorax(Racoma) kozlovi is 128,it's karyotype formula is 26m+22sm+24st+56t,NF=176.It was considered that Schizothorax (Racoma) kozlovi is likely to be hexaploid that already is diploidizated.It is infered that Schizothorax(Racoma) kozlovi is the very primitive group in Schizothoracinae. Recently,the study on mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) is a hot field in molecular biology research,mitochondrial DNA as an ideal genetic marker has been successfully applied to the research of the evolutionary biology of fishes and the population genetics.A total of 9 variable sites(accounted for1.94%of the analysis variable sites) were detected.By sequencing,the 464 bp from 3 end of mtDNA D-loop in the 32 specimen of the species,which were collected from the Wujiang River in Guizhou,9 haplotypes were defined,the nucleotide diversity(π) is 0.00324, the average number of nucleotide diffences(K) is 1.500,and the average genetic distance(P) between the haplotypes of the samples is 0.0060.The NJ phylogenetic tree and UPGMA phylogenetic tree of the 9 haplotypes belong to 2 branches.It is extremely necessary to protect the population of Schizothorax(Racoma) kozlovi from the Wujiang River.
引文
曹文宣,陈毅峰,乐佩琦,等.中国动物志:硬骨鱼纲鲤形目(下卷)[C].北京:科学出版社,2000:273-290.
常重杰,余其兴.七种鱼白亚科Ag-NORs的比较研究[J].遗传,1997,19(4):22-25.
陈锤.白话鱼类学[M].海洋出版社,2003.
陈大刚.黄渤海渔业生态学[M].北京:海洋出版社,1991.
陈关君,陈彩云,王尔中.鲤鱼、鲫鱼肌细胞线粒体DNA的限制性内切酶酶切图谱比较[J].遗传学报,1984,2.
陈灵芝(主编).中国的生物多样性——现状及其保护对策[M].北京:科学出版社,1993,99-110.
陈淑芬,汤泽生.脊椎动物染色体数目及其变化趋势[J].四川师范学院学报,1997,18(1):18-22.
陈晓峰,谭声江,粟士朋,等.遗传多样性研究的理论方法及应用[A].陈灵芝,马克平主编:生物多样性科学原理与实践[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2001,93-125.
陈毅峰,陈自明.裂腹鱼类系统发育和分布格局的研究[J].动物分类学报,1998,23(增):17-34.
陈永祥,罗泉笙.乌江上游四川裂腹鱼繁殖力的研究[J].动物学研究,1995,16(4):324,342.
陈永祥,罗泉笙.乌江上游四川裂腹鱼的胚胎发育[J].四川动物,1997a,16(4):163-167.
陈永祥,罗泉笙.乌江上游四川裂腹鱼幼鱼发育的观察[J].贵州大学学报(自然科学版),1997b,14(2):106-109.
崔静,倪鹏书.单核苷酸多态[M].国外医学遗传学分册,2000,23(2):80-82.
崔建勋,余其兴,任修海.三种鱼的mtDNA限制性内切酶酶切分析[J].动物学研究,1992,13(3):256,262.
戴建华,殷文莉,杨代淑,等.胡子鲇mtDNA多态性及限制性酶切图谱[J].水生生物学报,1996,20(2):144-149.
戴建华,殷文莉,杨代淑,等.鲇鱼线粒体DNA的酶切图谱[J].水产学报,1994,18(4):312-320.
邓怀,张四明,汪登强,等.雌核发育鲢RAPD指纹和蛋白质电泳研究[J].淡水渔业,1998,18(6):10-13.
邓务国.物种遗传多样性研究方法的发展[J].生物学通报,1994,29(1):7-9.
樊连春,崔建勋,余其兴.鳙鱼mtDNA限制性内切酶图谱[J].武汉大学学报(自然科学版),1994,1:121-125.
高文.剑尾鱼和鱼予鱼将的核型及银染和C带的研究[J].杭州师范学院学报,2004,3(5):408-413.
高建民.小山蛙和中国雨蛙的核型及其C-带和银染的研究[J].遗传学报,1989,16(1):42-48.
高天翔,张秀梅,朱杰,等.养殖褐牙鲆细胞色素b基因序列的初步研究[J].中国水产科学,2003,2(10):93-96.
高泽霞,王卫民,周小云.DNA分子标记技术及其在水产动物遗传上的应用研究[J].生物技术通报,2007,(2):108-113.
葛颂.遗传多样性及其检查方法和生物多样性研究的原理与方法[M].北京:中国科技出版社,1994.
桂建芳,李渝成,李康,等.中国鲤科鱼类染色体组型的研究(Ⅷ)鱼巴亚科15种鱼的核型及其系统演化[C].鱼类学论文集(第五辑)北京:科学出版社,1986,119-126.
郭新红,刘少军,刘巧,等.鱼类线粒体DNA研究新进展[J].遗传学报,2004,31(9):983-1000.
海燕,黄晓,易梅生,等.一种改良的鱼类染色体富集制片方法[J].遗传,2001,23(2):151-152.
何平.真核生物中的微卫星及其应用[J].遗传,1998,20(4):42-47.
何舜平,陈宜瑜.中国淡水鱼类濒危现状及致危原因分析[M].《保护中国的生物多样性》(中国环境与发展国际合作委员会编).北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996,201-207.
胡文革,段子渊,王金富,等.新疆3种雅罗鱼线粒体DNA控制区序列的差异和系统进化关系[J].遗传学报,2004,31(9):970-975.
胡文革,王金富,赵金良,等.新疆三种雅罗鱼属鱼类mtDNA D-loop多态性及起源分化分析[J].遗传,2003,25(4):414-418.
贾永红,简承松,史宪伟.遗传标记及其在动物遗传育种中的应用(上)[J].黄牛杂志.1998,24(6):45-46.
李斌,鲁成,周泽扬,等.RAPD标记构建家蚕分子连锁图谱[J].遗传学报,2000,27(2):127-132.
李奎,余其兴,毛勇,等.用地高辛标记原位杂交技术定位黄鳝rRNA基因于二价染色体3p12-q24和7q14-q26[J].遗传学报,1995,22(2):97-102.
李栒.染色体遗传导论[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1991,9:35-81,455.
李殿香,李传印,戎茜,等.泥鳅线粒体DNA限制性酶切图谱[J].动物学研究,1999,20(2):153-155.
李贵全.细胞学研究基础[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2001:79-99.
李树深.鱼类细胞分类学[J].生物科学动态,1981,2:8-15.
李思发,王强,陈永乐.长江、珠江、黑龙江三水系的鲢、鳙、草鱼原种种群的生化遗传结构与变异[J].水产学报,1986,10(4):351-372.
李思发,周碧云,倪重匡,等.长江珠江黑龙江鲢、鳙和草鱼原种种群形态差异[J].动物学报,1989,35(4):390-398.
李思发.中国淡水主要养殖鱼类种质研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1998,184-228.
刘焕章.鱼类线粒体DNA控制区的结构与进化:以鳑皱鱼类为例[J].自然科学进展,2002,12(3):266-270.
刘云国,陈松林,李八方,等.牙鲆选择性养殖群体遗传结构的微卫星分析[J].高技术通讯,2006,16(1):94-99.
楼允东.我国鱼类育种研究五十年问顾[J].淡水渔业,1999,29(9):1-3.
楼允东.中国鱼类染色体组型研究的进展[J].水产学报,1997,21(增刊):82-96.
罗静,杨国兴,张亚平.鱼类多样性的遗传基础[J].动物学研究,2000,21(2):158-164.
蒙子宁,庄志猛,金显仕,等.黄海和东海小黄鱼遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].生物多样性,2003,11(3):197-200.
孟庆闻,苏锦祥,缪学祖.鱼类分类学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
孟宪红,孔杰,庄志猛,等.真鲷自然群体和人工繁殖群体的遗传多样性[J].生物多样性,2000,8(3):248-252.
宁玲玲.龙种金鱼和蛋种金鱼线粒体DNA控制区的序列分析[J].生命科学研究,2006,10(3):119-124.
祁得林.青海湖裸鲤染色体核型及多倍性的初步研究[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2004(2):22.
申雪艳,宫庆礼,雷霁霖,等.进口大菱鲆Scoph tha lmusmaximus L.苗种的遗传结构分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2004,35(4):332-341.
申宗侯,李凌云,王鄂生,等.武昌鱼线粒体DNA限制性内切酶酶解图谱与12S rRNA基因的初步定位[J].水生生物学报,1993,17(2):174-180.
施立明.遗传多样性[M].科学出版社:北京,1993.
史娟.染色体原位杂交的发展及其应用[J].作物品种资源,1999,(1):232-240.
宋平,李小迎,熊全沫.鲢鳙线粒体DNA的九种限制性内切酶酶切图谱的比较[J].水产学报,1994,18(3):221-230.
孙超,雷引连.家畜遗传多样性的表达水平及其检测技术[J].黄牛杂志,2000,26(4):53-56.
王春元.金鱼染色体组型的研究Ⅰ[J].遗传学报,1987,7(1):72-77.
王蕊芳,贺维顺,吴世芳.泉水唇鱼的核型和带型研究[J].动物学研究,1997,18(4):411-414.
王蕊芳,马昆,施立明,等.尼罗罗非鱼染色体的C带、银染和减数分裂联合复合体的研究[J].动物学研究,1990,11(4):349-354.
王奕华,张士璀,刘振辉.青岛文昌鱼遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].海洋水产研究,2004,25(3):21-27.
王志勇,王艺磊,林利民,等.利用AFLP指纹技术研究中国沿海真鲷群体的遗传变异和趋异[J].水产学报,2001,25(4):289-294.
魏东旺,楼允东,孙效文,等.鲤鱼微卫星分子标记的筛选[J].动物学研究,2001,22(3):238-241.
吴政安.北京产中国林蛙的染色体组型[J].遗传学报,1981,8(2):138-144.
吴仲庆.水产生物遗传育种学[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,7-25.
吴仲庆.水生生物的染色体[J].福建水产,1990,4:70-82.
伍律,吕克强,李德俊,等.贵州鱼类志[M].贵阳:贵州人民出社,1989:189-190.
武云飞.中国裂腹鱼亚科鱼类的系统分类研究[J].高原生物学集刊,1983(3):119-140.
夏铭.遗传多样性研究进展[J].生物学杂志,1999,18(3):59-65.
小岛吉雄著.鱼类细胞遗传学[M].林望浩编译广州:广东科技出版社,1990,8-33.
肖武汉,张亚平.银鲴自然群体线粒体DNA的遗传分化[J].水生生物学报,2000,24(1):1-9.
薛国雄,刘棘.三江水系草鱼种群RAPD分析[J].中国水产科学,1998,5(1):1-5.
晏勇,张兴忠,龙华.草鱼线粒体DNA限制性内切酶分析[J].淡水渔业,1994,24(3):30-31.
杨弘,王希道,吴婷婷,等.用RAPD技术研究3种鳗鱼的种质鉴定[J].中国水产科学,2002,9(3):269-272.
杨明生,熊邦喜.动物mtDNh的研究及在鱼类生态学中的应用[J].孝感学院学报,2005,25(3):23-26.
杨昭庆,洪坤学.单核苷酸多态性的研究进展[J].国外医学遗传学分册,2000,23(1):4-8.
姚纪花,楼允东,江涌.我国六个地区银鲫种群线粒体DNA多态性的研究[J].水产学报,1998,22(4):289-295.
姚世鸿.染色体进化与生物进化关系研究的历史与现状[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),1993,11(4):75-83.
姚世鸿.染色体数目变化与物种的分歧和进化[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版).1991,9(8):44-47,56.
易乐飞,刘楚吾.3种笛鲷属鱼类的随机扩增多态性DNA初步研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2001,21(1):70-72.
尹绍武,黄海,张本,等.石斑鱼遗传多样性的研究进展[J].水产科学,2005,24(8):46-49.
尤锋,张培军,相建海,等.海水养殖鱼类遗传多样性的保护[J].海洋科学,2003,27(12):10-13.
余先觉,周暾,李渝成,等.中国淡水鱼类染色体[M].北京:科学出版社,1989,1-171.
余祥勇,李渝成.中国鲤科鱼类染色体核型研究——8种裂腹鱼亚科鱼类核型研究[J].武汉大学学报,1990(2):97-103.
昝瑞光,任修海,余其兴,韦萍.黄鳝染色体Ag—NORs多态性的研究[J].遗传学报,1991,18(4):304-311.
曾青兰,刘焕章.大口胭脂鱼线粒体DNA控制区序列的研究[J].湖北大学学报(自然科学版),2001,23(3):261-264.
翟中和.细胞生物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995,277-278.
张燕,张鹗,何舜平.中国鳞科鱼类线粒体DNA控制区结构及其系统发育分析[J].水生生物学报,2003,27(5):463-467.
张四明,邓怀.7种鲟形目鱼类亲缘关系的随机扩增多态性DNA研究[J].自然科学进展,1999,9(9):818-823.
赵凯,李军祥,张亚平.青海湖裸鲤mtDNh遗传多样性的初步研究[J].遗传,2001,23(5):445-448.
赵凯.动物一次标记概述[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版)2000,18(3):10-13.
赵金良,李思发.长江中下游鲢、鳙、草鱼、青鱼种群分化的同工酶分析[J].水产学 报,1996,20(2):104-110.
郑冰蓉,张亚平.云南倒刺鱼巴mtDNh D—loop区序列的遗传多样性研究[J].水利渔业[J].2002,22(3):15-16.
周密,康扬,李渝成,等.鲤科七种鱼的银染核型研究[J].动物学研究,1988,9(3):225-229.
周暾.鱼类染色体研究[J].动物学研究,,1984,5(1期增刊):38-55.
朱俊.水坝拦截对乌江生源要素生物地球化学循环的影响[D].中国科学院研究生院(地球化学研究所),2005.
朱蓝菲.几种鲤科鱼类LDH同工酶的研究[J].水生生物学报,1982,4:539-543.
朱晓琛,刘海金,孙效文,等.微卫星评价牙鲆雌核发育二倍体纯合性[J].动物学研究,2006,27(1):63-67.
卓孝磊,邹记兴.我国淡水鱼类核型及染色体显带研究进展[J].热带海洋学报,2007,9:73-80.
Amoers A.,G.,J.Martinez,Reina,M.C.Alvarez.Karyotype,C-banding and Ag-NOR analysis in Diplodus bellottii[J].Intra-individual polymorphism involving beterochromatic regions,1993,36:672-4575.
Arai,R.A chromosome study on two cyprinid fishes,Aerossoeheilus Iabiatus and Pseudorabora,Bull.Natn.Sci.Mus,Tokyo,ser.A,1982,8(3):131-152.
Attardi G.Animal mitochondrial DNA:an extreme example of genetic economy[J].Int Rev Cyt,1985,93:93-145.
Avise J C,Helfman G S,Saunders N C et al.Mitochondrial DNA differertiation in North Atlantic eels:population genetic consequences of an unusual life history patterern[J].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.1986,83:4350-4354.
Avise J C.Systematic value of electrophoretic data[J].Systematic Zoology,1974,(23):465-481.
Bagley M J,Anderson S L,May B.Ecotoxicology,2001,10:239-244.
Benchman T D,Dempson J B.Population structure of Atlantic salmon from the Conne River.Newfoundland as determined from microsatellite DNA[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1998,52:665-676.
Bentzen P.Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism,population structure,and life history variation in the American shad[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,1989,46:1 446-1 454.
Bermingham E.Size polymorphism and heteroplasmy in the mitochondrial DNA of lower vertebrates[J].J Hered,1986,77:249-252.
Bowen B W,Grant W S.Phylogeography of the sardines(Sardinops spp):Assessing biogeographic models and population histories in temperate upwelling zones.Evolution,1997,51:1601-1610.
Brito R M,Briolay J,Galtier N et al..Phylogenetic relationships within genus Leuciscus (Pisces,Cyprinide) in Portuguese fresh waters,based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences[J].Molecular Phylogenetcs and Evolution,1997,8:435-442.
Brown J R.Mitochondrial DNA length variation and heteroplasmy in populations of white sturgeon(Acipenser tranmontanus)[J].Genetics,1992,132:211-228.
Brown K H,Thorgaard G H.Mitochondrial and nuclear inheritance in genetic line of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchusmykiss)[J].Aquaculture,2002,204:323-335.
Brown W M.Evolution of animal mitochondrial DNAs.In:M Nei,R K Koehned[M].Evolution of genes and proteins.Sunderland MA:Sinauer,1983,62-88.
Buroker N E.Length heteroplasmy of sturgeon mitochondrial DNA:anillegitimate elongation model[J].Genetics,1990,124:157-163.
Cantatore P,C Saccone.Organization,structure,and evolution of mammalian mitochondrial genes[J].Int Rev Cytol,1987,108:149-208.
Carr S M,Marshall H D.Detection of intraspecific DNA sequence variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua) by the polymorase chain reaction[J].Can J Fish Aqua Sci,1991,48:48-52.
Chalmers K J,Waugh R,Sprent J,et al.Detection of genetic variation between and with populations of Cliricidra sepium and Gmaeulara using RAPD makers[J].Heredity,1992,69:465-472.
Chang Y S.The complete nucleotide sequence and gene organization of carp(Cyprinus carpio)mitochondrial genome[J].J Mol Evol,1994,138-155.
Chapman R W. Comparisons of mitochondrial DNA variation in four alosid species as revealed by the total genome,the NADH dehydrogenase I and cytochrome b regions. In:A R Beaumounted. Genetics and Evolution of Aquatic Organism. [J].Chapman and Hall,1994,249-262.
Chow S.PCR-RFLP analysis on 13 western Atlantic snapper( Sulfamily Lutjaninae):a single method for species and stock identification[J].US Natl Mar Fish Serv Fish Bull,1993(91) :619-627.
Danzman R G. Genetic discrimination of wild and hatchery populations of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis)(Mitchill) in the Ontario using mitochondrial DNA analysis[J]. J Fish Biol,1991,39(suppl.A. ):69-77.
David L,Rajasekaran P,Fang J,et al. Polymorphism in ornamental and common carp strains as revealed by AFLP analysis and a new set of microsatellite markers[J]. Mol Gene Genomics,2001,266 (3):353-360.
Elo K,Ivanoff S,Vuor Inan J A,et al.Inheritance of RAPD markers and detection of interspecific hybridization with brown trout and Atlantic Salmon [J]. Aquaculture, 1997,152: 55-65.
Estoup A,Presa P,Krieg F et al.(CT)N and (GT)N microsatellites:a new class of genetic markers for Salmo truttra L.(brown trout)[J].Heredity, 1993,71:488-496.
Felip A,Martinenrodr Iguez G,Piferrer F,et al.AFLP analysis confirms exclusive maternal genomic contribution of meiogynogenetic sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax L.) [J]. Marine Biotechnology,2000, 2:301-306
Gar Doramosm A, Herrn R, Jamilen A R, et al. Evolution of centromeric satellite DNA and its use in phylogenetic studies of the sparidae family(Pisces, Perciformes) [J]. Mol. Phylogenet.Evol., 1999,12:200-204.
Gilbert TL. Sequence of tRNA-Thr and tRNA-Pro from white sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus) mitochondrial[J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 1988,16:11 825.
Goss R,N Ilsson J,Schmitzm.A new species-specific nuclearDNA marker for identification of hybrids between Atlantic salmon and brown trout[J]. Journal of Fish Biology, 1996,49:537-540.
Govindaraju G S,Jayasankar P.Taxonomic relationship among seven species of groupers as revealed by RAPD fingerp rinting [J].Marine Biology,2003,6(3): 229-237.
Graves J E,S D Ferris,A E Dizon. Close genetic similarly of Atlantic and Pacific skip jack tuna(Katsuwonus peelamis) demonstrated with restriction Endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA[J].Mar.Bio., 1984,79 (3):315-319.
Grewe P M,P D M Hebert.Mitochondrial DNA variation in broodstocks of the lake trout[C].In:39th Conference of the International Association for Great Lakes Research,Scarborough,Ont,Can,NY:Laglr,Buffalo,1986,35.
Grunwald C,Stabile J,Waldman J R.Population genetics of shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. Molecular Ecology,2002,11:1885-1898.
Guo X H,Liu S J,Liu Y. Comparative analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region in cyprinids with different ploidy level[J].Aquaculture,2003,224 (14):25-38.
Gyllensten U.The genetic structure of fish:differences in the intraspecific distribution of biochemical variation between marine, andromous, and fresh water species[J]. J. Fish. Biol.,1985,26:691-699.
Hare J A,R K Cowen,J P Zehr,et al. Biological and oceanograph ic insights from larval labrid( Pisces:Labridac) identification using mtDNA sequences[J]. Mar. Bio l.,1994,118 (1)17-24.
He C,Chen L, Simmons M,et al. Genet[M].2003,34:445-448.
Inoue J G,Miya M,Tsukamoto K,et al. Basal actinopterygian relationships:a mitogenomic perspective on the phylogeny of the'ancient fish[J].Mol Phylogenet Evol,2003,26(1):110-120.
Johansen S.Organization of the mitochondrial genome of Atlantic cod,Gardus morhua[J] .Nucleic Acids Res,1990,18:217-411.
Khuda-Bukhsh,A.R.,K. Nayak.Karyomorphological studies in two species of hillstream fishes from Kashmir, India:Occurrence of a high number of chromosomes[J]. chromosome Information services, 1982, (33): 13-14.
Lee WJ, Conroy J,Howell W H.Structure and evolution of teleost mitochondrial control regions. J Mol Evol, 1995,41:54-66.
Leon F J, Canonnem, Qu Illet E, et al. The app lication ofmicrosatellite markers to breeding programmes in the sea bass dicen trarchus labrax [J]. Aquaculture,1998,159:303-316.
Levan A, Fredga K, Sandberg A. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromsosomes. Hereditas, 1964,52:201 -220.
Liu Z J, Nichols A, Li P, Dunham R. Mol Gen Genet, 1998, 258:260-268.
Lockhart P J, Penny D, Meyer A. Testing the phylogeny of swordtail fishes using split decomposition and spectral analysis[J]. Mol Evol, 1995, 41:666-674.
Maruyama, Imai, H.T. Evolutionary rate of the mammalian karyotype[J]. J Theor Bilo.1981,90(1):111-121.
Masash I S. Inheritance characteristics of microsatellite DNA loci in experimental families of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus[J]. Marine Biotechnology, 2001,3(4):310-315.
Matthias K,Anne S,Schmitz R W.Neandertal DNA sequences and the origin of modern humans[J].J Cell, 1997,90:19-30.
Mcconnell S, Hamilton L, Morris D, et al. Isolation of Salmonid microsatellite loci and their application to the population genetics of Canadian east coast stocks ofAltantic salmon [J].Aquaculture, 1995, 137: 19-30.
Meyer A,A C Wilson.Origin of tetrapods inferred from their mitochondrial DNA affiliation to lungfish[J].J Mol Evol, 1990,31:359-364.
Meyer A,DNA technology and phylogeny of fish,In:A R Beaumont.Genetics and Evolution of Aquatic Organisms[J].Chapman and Hall, 1994,219-249.
Meyer A. DNA technology and phylogeny of fish. In : A R Beaumont. Genetics and Evolution of Aquatic Organisms[J]. Chapman and Hall. 1994,219—249.
Morgan,GT.LamPbrush chromosomes and assoeiated bodies:new in sights into Principles of nuclear structure and function[J].Chromosome Res,2002,10(3): 177-200.
Murakami M,Matsuba C,Fujitani H.The maternal origins of the triploid ginbuna (Carassius auratus langsdorfi):phylogenetic relationships within the C.auratus taxa by partial mitochondrial D-loop sequencing[J].Genes Genet Syst,2001,76:25-32.
Nakabo T.The third international symposium on the marine sciences of the yellow sea (abstracts),Qingdao:Ocean Press, 1994:81.
Nei M,F Tajima.DNA polymorphism detectable by restriction endonucleases[J].Genetics,1981,97:145-163.
Okazaki M,Naruse K,Shima A et al.Phylogenetic relationships of bitterling based on mitochondrial 12Sribosomal DNA sequences[J].J.Fish.Biology,2001,58:89-106.
Ovenden J R,Lloyd J,Newman S J.Spatial genetic subdivision between northern Australian and southeast Asian populations of Pristipomoides multidens:a tropical marine reef fish species[J].Fisheries Research,2002,59:57-69.
Ovenden J R,R W GWhite. Mitochondrial DNA restriction site map for Gadopsis marmoratus[J]. Biochem Syst Ecol,1988,16:355-357.
Perezenrr Iquez R,Taniguchin.Genetic structure of red sea bream(Pagrus major)population of Japan and the southwest Pacific, using microsatellite DNA markers[J].Fish Sci,1999,65(1):23-30.
Priest J H,Pumila.With note on Eurasian cyprinids and their karyotypes[M]. Medical cytogenetics and cell culture, 1997, (2~(nd) ed).
Rishi,K. K.,Singh,J.,M. M. Kaul.Cheomosomal analysis of Schizothoraichthys progastus[J].Genome,1993,36:672-675.
Roques S,Sevigny J,Berna Tchezl.Evidence for broadscale introgressive hybridization between two redfish (genus Sebastes) in the North-west Atlantic: a rare marine example[J]. Mol.Ecol.,2001,10(1):149-165.
Sanchez L.,P. Martinez,A.Vinas,C.Bouza.Analysis of the structure and variability of nucleolar organizer of Salmo trutta by C-,Ag- and restriction endonuclease banding[J].Cytogenet.Cell Genent., 1990,54:6-9.
Slettan A,Olasker I,Lie O.Segregation studies and linkage analysis of Athlantic salmon microsatellites using haploid genetics[J].Heredity,1997,73(6):620-627.
Southern S O,Southern P J.Dizon A E.Molecular characterization of a cloned dolphin mitochondrial genome[J].J Mol Evol,1988,28 (1-2):32-40.
Stebbins,G L.Chromosomal evolution in higher plants.London,Ebward Amold(Publ), 1971.
Stepien C A.Population genetic divergence and geographic patterns from DNA sequences:examples form marine and freshwater fishes.Amer Fish Soc Symp, 1995,17:263-287.
Steven X C,Kevin D F. The utility of image processing techniques for morphometric analysis and stock identification[J]. Fisheries Research, 1999,43:129-139.
Sturmbauer C,A Meyer. Genetic divergence,speciation and morphological studies in a lineage of African cichlid fish[J]. Nature, 1992,358 : 578-581.
Tudela S. Merphological variability in a Mediteranean, genetically homogeneous population of the European anchovy, Engratdis enerasicolus[J].Fisheries Research,2001,42:229-243.
Vigdant L,Stoneking M,Harpending H.African populations and the evolution of human mitochondrial DNA[J].Science,1991,258:1503-1507.
Walberg M W,Clayton D A. Sequence and properties of the human KB cell and mouse L cell D-loop regions of mitochondrial DNA[J].Nucleic Acids Res,1981,9 (20) :5411-5421.
Wang J P,Lin H D,Huang S.Phylogeography of Varicorhinus barbatulus(Cyprinidae) in Taiwan based on nucleotide variation of mtDNA and allozymes[J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,2004,31:1143-1156.
Welsh J K.Fingerprinting genoms using PCR with arbitrary primers[J]. Nacl. Acids Res, 1990,18:7213-7218.
Whitmore D H,T H Thai,C M Craft.Gene amplification permits minimally invasive analysis of fish mitochondrial DNA Tran Am Fish[R] Soc,1992,121(2):170-177.
Williams J G K, Kubilik A R, Liavk KJ.DNA polymorphism amplified by arbitrary primers is useful as genetic markers[J].Nacl.Acids Res, 1990,18:6531-6535.
Yamamoto K,Cjima Y.A phaculture method for cells from the renaltissue of teleosts[J]. Japan J Genet, 1973,48 (3):235~238.
Young W P,Wheeler P A,Coryell VH,et al. Genetics,1998,148:839-850.
Yu H T, Lee Y J , Huang S W, et al. Genetic analysis of the populations of Japanese anchovy (Engraulidae: Engraulis japonicus) using microsatellite DNA[J].Mar. Biotechnol.,2001,4(5):471-479.
Yunis,J.J.,Prakash,O.The origin of man:a chromosomal pietorial legacy.Scienee.1982,215(4539):
Yunis,J.J.,Sawyer.J.R.,Dunham,K.The striking resemblance of high resolution G-banded chromosomes of man and chimpanzee[J].Science.1980,208(4448):1145-1148.
Zardoya R, Garrido-Pertierra A, Bautista J M.The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial DNA genome of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss[J]. J Mol Evol, 1995,41(6):942-951.
Zardoya R, Meyer A. The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the lungfish(Protopterus dolloi)supports its phylogenetic position as a close relative of land vertebrates[J]. Genetics, 1996, 142(4): 1249-1263.
常重杰,余其兴.七种鱼白亚科Ag-NORs的比较研究[J].遗传,1997,19(4):22-25.
陈锤.白话鱼类学[M].海洋出版社,2003.
陈大刚.黄渤海渔业生态学[M].北京:海洋出版社,1991.
陈关君,陈彩云,王尔中.鲤鱼、鲫鱼肌细胞线粒体DNA的限制性内切酶酶切图谱比较[J].遗传学报,1984,2.
陈灵芝(主编).中国的生物多样性——现状及其保护对策[M].北京:科学出版社,1993,99-110.
陈淑芬,汤泽生.脊椎动物染色体数目及其变化趋势[J].四川师范学院学报,1997,18(1):18-22.
陈晓峰,谭声江,粟士朋,等.遗传多样性研究的理论方法及应用[A].陈灵芝,马克平主编:生物多样性科学原理与实践[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2001,93-125.
陈毅峰,陈自明.裂腹鱼类系统发育和分布格局的研究[J].动物分类学报,1998,23(增):17-34.
陈永祥,罗泉笙.乌江上游四川裂腹鱼繁殖力的研究[J].动物学研究,1995,16(4):324,342.
陈永祥,罗泉笙.乌江上游四川裂腹鱼的胚胎发育[J].四川动物,1997a,16(4):163-167.
陈永祥,罗泉笙.乌江上游四川裂腹鱼幼鱼发育的观察[J].贵州大学学报(自然科学版),1997b,14(2):106-109.
崔静,倪鹏书.单核苷酸多态[M].国外医学遗传学分册,2000,23(2):80-82.
崔建勋,余其兴,任修海.三种鱼的mtDNA限制性内切酶酶切分析[J].动物学研究,1992,13(3):256,262.
戴建华,殷文莉,杨代淑,等.胡子鲇mtDNA多态性及限制性酶切图谱[J].水生生物学报,1996,20(2):144-149.
戴建华,殷文莉,杨代淑,等.鲇鱼线粒体DNA的酶切图谱[J].水产学报,1994,18(4):312-320.
邓怀,张四明,汪登强,等.雌核发育鲢RAPD指纹和蛋白质电泳研究[J].淡水渔业,1998,18(6):10-13.
邓务国.物种遗传多样性研究方法的发展[J].生物学通报,1994,29(1):7-9.
樊连春,崔建勋,余其兴.鳙鱼mtDNA限制性内切酶图谱[J].武汉大学学报(自然科学版),1994,1:121-125.
高文.剑尾鱼和鱼予鱼将的核型及银染和C带的研究[J].杭州师范学院学报,2004,3(5):408-413.
高建民.小山蛙和中国雨蛙的核型及其C-带和银染的研究[J].遗传学报,1989,16(1):42-48.
高天翔,张秀梅,朱杰,等.养殖褐牙鲆细胞色素b基因序列的初步研究[J].中国水产科学,2003,2(10):93-96.
高泽霞,王卫民,周小云.DNA分子标记技术及其在水产动物遗传上的应用研究[J].生物技术通报,2007,(2):108-113.
葛颂.遗传多样性及其检查方法和生物多样性研究的原理与方法[M].北京:中国科技出版社,1994.
桂建芳,李渝成,李康,等.中国鲤科鱼类染色体组型的研究(Ⅷ)鱼巴亚科15种鱼的核型及其系统演化[C].鱼类学论文集(第五辑)北京:科学出版社,1986,119-126.
郭新红,刘少军,刘巧,等.鱼类线粒体DNA研究新进展[J].遗传学报,2004,31(9):983-1000.
海燕,黄晓,易梅生,等.一种改良的鱼类染色体富集制片方法[J].遗传,2001,23(2):151-152.
何平.真核生物中的微卫星及其应用[J].遗传,1998,20(4):42-47.
何舜平,陈宜瑜.中国淡水鱼类濒危现状及致危原因分析[M].《保护中国的生物多样性》(中国环境与发展国际合作委员会编).北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996,201-207.
胡文革,段子渊,王金富,等.新疆3种雅罗鱼线粒体DNA控制区序列的差异和系统进化关系[J].遗传学报,2004,31(9):970-975.
胡文革,王金富,赵金良,等.新疆三种雅罗鱼属鱼类mtDNA D-loop多态性及起源分化分析[J].遗传,2003,25(4):414-418.
贾永红,简承松,史宪伟.遗传标记及其在动物遗传育种中的应用(上)[J].黄牛杂志.1998,24(6):45-46.
李斌,鲁成,周泽扬,等.RAPD标记构建家蚕分子连锁图谱[J].遗传学报,2000,27(2):127-132.
李奎,余其兴,毛勇,等.用地高辛标记原位杂交技术定位黄鳝rRNA基因于二价染色体3p12-q24和7q14-q26[J].遗传学报,1995,22(2):97-102.
李栒.染色体遗传导论[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1991,9:35-81,455.
李殿香,李传印,戎茜,等.泥鳅线粒体DNA限制性酶切图谱[J].动物学研究,1999,20(2):153-155.
李贵全.细胞学研究基础[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2001:79-99.
李树深.鱼类细胞分类学[J].生物科学动态,1981,2:8-15.
李思发,王强,陈永乐.长江、珠江、黑龙江三水系的鲢、鳙、草鱼原种种群的生化遗传结构与变异[J].水产学报,1986,10(4):351-372.
李思发,周碧云,倪重匡,等.长江珠江黑龙江鲢、鳙和草鱼原种种群形态差异[J].动物学报,1989,35(4):390-398.
李思发.中国淡水主要养殖鱼类种质研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1998,184-228.
刘焕章.鱼类线粒体DNA控制区的结构与进化:以鳑皱鱼类为例[J].自然科学进展,2002,12(3):266-270.
刘云国,陈松林,李八方,等.牙鲆选择性养殖群体遗传结构的微卫星分析[J].高技术通讯,2006,16(1):94-99.
楼允东.我国鱼类育种研究五十年问顾[J].淡水渔业,1999,29(9):1-3.
楼允东.中国鱼类染色体组型研究的进展[J].水产学报,1997,21(增刊):82-96.
罗静,杨国兴,张亚平.鱼类多样性的遗传基础[J].动物学研究,2000,21(2):158-164.
蒙子宁,庄志猛,金显仕,等.黄海和东海小黄鱼遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].生物多样性,2003,11(3):197-200.
孟庆闻,苏锦祥,缪学祖.鱼类分类学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
孟宪红,孔杰,庄志猛,等.真鲷自然群体和人工繁殖群体的遗传多样性[J].生物多样性,2000,8(3):248-252.
宁玲玲.龙种金鱼和蛋种金鱼线粒体DNA控制区的序列分析[J].生命科学研究,2006,10(3):119-124.
祁得林.青海湖裸鲤染色体核型及多倍性的初步研究[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2004(2):22.
申雪艳,宫庆礼,雷霁霖,等.进口大菱鲆Scoph tha lmusmaximus L.苗种的遗传结构分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2004,35(4):332-341.
申宗侯,李凌云,王鄂生,等.武昌鱼线粒体DNA限制性内切酶酶解图谱与12S rRNA基因的初步定位[J].水生生物学报,1993,17(2):174-180.
施立明.遗传多样性[M].科学出版社:北京,1993.
史娟.染色体原位杂交的发展及其应用[J].作物品种资源,1999,(1):232-240.
宋平,李小迎,熊全沫.鲢鳙线粒体DNA的九种限制性内切酶酶切图谱的比较[J].水产学报,1994,18(3):221-230.
孙超,雷引连.家畜遗传多样性的表达水平及其检测技术[J].黄牛杂志,2000,26(4):53-56.
王春元.金鱼染色体组型的研究Ⅰ[J].遗传学报,1987,7(1):72-77.
王蕊芳,贺维顺,吴世芳.泉水唇鱼的核型和带型研究[J].动物学研究,1997,18(4):411-414.
王蕊芳,马昆,施立明,等.尼罗罗非鱼染色体的C带、银染和减数分裂联合复合体的研究[J].动物学研究,1990,11(4):349-354.
王奕华,张士璀,刘振辉.青岛文昌鱼遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].海洋水产研究,2004,25(3):21-27.
王志勇,王艺磊,林利民,等.利用AFLP指纹技术研究中国沿海真鲷群体的遗传变异和趋异[J].水产学报,2001,25(4):289-294.
魏东旺,楼允东,孙效文,等.鲤鱼微卫星分子标记的筛选[J].动物学研究,2001,22(3):238-241.
吴政安.北京产中国林蛙的染色体组型[J].遗传学报,1981,8(2):138-144.
吴仲庆.水产生物遗传育种学[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,7-25.
吴仲庆.水生生物的染色体[J].福建水产,1990,4:70-82.
伍律,吕克强,李德俊,等.贵州鱼类志[M].贵阳:贵州人民出社,1989:189-190.
武云飞.中国裂腹鱼亚科鱼类的系统分类研究[J].高原生物学集刊,1983(3):119-140.
夏铭.遗传多样性研究进展[J].生物学杂志,1999,18(3):59-65.
小岛吉雄著.鱼类细胞遗传学[M].林望浩编译广州:广东科技出版社,1990,8-33.
肖武汉,张亚平.银鲴自然群体线粒体DNA的遗传分化[J].水生生物学报,2000,24(1):1-9.
薛国雄,刘棘.三江水系草鱼种群RAPD分析[J].中国水产科学,1998,5(1):1-5.
晏勇,张兴忠,龙华.草鱼线粒体DNA限制性内切酶分析[J].淡水渔业,1994,24(3):30-31.
杨弘,王希道,吴婷婷,等.用RAPD技术研究3种鳗鱼的种质鉴定[J].中国水产科学,2002,9(3):269-272.
杨明生,熊邦喜.动物mtDNh的研究及在鱼类生态学中的应用[J].孝感学院学报,2005,25(3):23-26.
杨昭庆,洪坤学.单核苷酸多态性的研究进展[J].国外医学遗传学分册,2000,23(1):4-8.
姚纪花,楼允东,江涌.我国六个地区银鲫种群线粒体DNA多态性的研究[J].水产学报,1998,22(4):289-295.
姚世鸿.染色体进化与生物进化关系研究的历史与现状[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),1993,11(4):75-83.
姚世鸿.染色体数目变化与物种的分歧和进化[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版).1991,9(8):44-47,56.
易乐飞,刘楚吾.3种笛鲷属鱼类的随机扩增多态性DNA初步研究[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2001,21(1):70-72.
尹绍武,黄海,张本,等.石斑鱼遗传多样性的研究进展[J].水产科学,2005,24(8):46-49.
尤锋,张培军,相建海,等.海水养殖鱼类遗传多样性的保护[J].海洋科学,2003,27(12):10-13.
余先觉,周暾,李渝成,等.中国淡水鱼类染色体[M].北京:科学出版社,1989,1-171.
余祥勇,李渝成.中国鲤科鱼类染色体核型研究——8种裂腹鱼亚科鱼类核型研究[J].武汉大学学报,1990(2):97-103.
昝瑞光,任修海,余其兴,韦萍.黄鳝染色体Ag—NORs多态性的研究[J].遗传学报,1991,18(4):304-311.
曾青兰,刘焕章.大口胭脂鱼线粒体DNA控制区序列的研究[J].湖北大学学报(自然科学版),2001,23(3):261-264.
翟中和.细胞生物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995,277-278.
张燕,张鹗,何舜平.中国鳞科鱼类线粒体DNA控制区结构及其系统发育分析[J].水生生物学报,2003,27(5):463-467.
张四明,邓怀.7种鲟形目鱼类亲缘关系的随机扩增多态性DNA研究[J].自然科学进展,1999,9(9):818-823.
赵凯,李军祥,张亚平.青海湖裸鲤mtDNh遗传多样性的初步研究[J].遗传,2001,23(5):445-448.
赵凯.动物一次标记概述[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版)2000,18(3):10-13.
赵金良,李思发.长江中下游鲢、鳙、草鱼、青鱼种群分化的同工酶分析[J].水产学 报,1996,20(2):104-110.
郑冰蓉,张亚平.云南倒刺鱼巴mtDNh D—loop区序列的遗传多样性研究[J].水利渔业[J].2002,22(3):15-16.
周密,康扬,李渝成,等.鲤科七种鱼的银染核型研究[J].动物学研究,1988,9(3):225-229.
周暾.鱼类染色体研究[J].动物学研究,,1984,5(1期增刊):38-55.
朱俊.水坝拦截对乌江生源要素生物地球化学循环的影响[D].中国科学院研究生院(地球化学研究所),2005.
朱蓝菲.几种鲤科鱼类LDH同工酶的研究[J].水生生物学报,1982,4:539-543.
朱晓琛,刘海金,孙效文,等.微卫星评价牙鲆雌核发育二倍体纯合性[J].动物学研究,2006,27(1):63-67.
卓孝磊,邹记兴.我国淡水鱼类核型及染色体显带研究进展[J].热带海洋学报,2007,9:73-80.
Amoers A.,G.,J.Martinez,Reina,M.C.Alvarez.Karyotype,C-banding and Ag-NOR analysis in Diplodus bellottii[J].Intra-individual polymorphism involving beterochromatic regions,1993,36:672-4575.
Arai,R.A chromosome study on two cyprinid fishes,Aerossoeheilus Iabiatus and Pseudorabora,Bull.Natn.Sci.Mus,Tokyo,ser.A,1982,8(3):131-152.
Attardi G.Animal mitochondrial DNA:an extreme example of genetic economy[J].Int Rev Cyt,1985,93:93-145.
Avise J C,Helfman G S,Saunders N C et al.Mitochondrial DNA differertiation in North Atlantic eels:population genetic consequences of an unusual life history patterern[J].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.1986,83:4350-4354.
Avise J C.Systematic value of electrophoretic data[J].Systematic Zoology,1974,(23):465-481.
Bagley M J,Anderson S L,May B.Ecotoxicology,2001,10:239-244.
Benchman T D,Dempson J B.Population structure of Atlantic salmon from the Conne River.Newfoundland as determined from microsatellite DNA[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1998,52:665-676.
Bentzen P.Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism,population structure,and life history variation in the American shad[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,1989,46:1 446-1 454.
Bermingham E.Size polymorphism and heteroplasmy in the mitochondrial DNA of lower vertebrates[J].J Hered,1986,77:249-252.
Bowen B W,Grant W S.Phylogeography of the sardines(Sardinops spp):Assessing biogeographic models and population histories in temperate upwelling zones.Evolution,1997,51:1601-1610.
Brito R M,Briolay J,Galtier N et al..Phylogenetic relationships within genus Leuciscus (Pisces,Cyprinide) in Portuguese fresh waters,based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences[J].Molecular Phylogenetcs and Evolution,1997,8:435-442.
Brown J R.Mitochondrial DNA length variation and heteroplasmy in populations of white sturgeon(Acipenser tranmontanus)[J].Genetics,1992,132:211-228.
Brown K H,Thorgaard G H.Mitochondrial and nuclear inheritance in genetic line of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchusmykiss)[J].Aquaculture,2002,204:323-335.
Brown W M.Evolution of animal mitochondrial DNAs.In:M Nei,R K Koehned[M].Evolution of genes and proteins.Sunderland MA:Sinauer,1983,62-88.
Buroker N E.Length heteroplasmy of sturgeon mitochondrial DNA:anillegitimate elongation model[J].Genetics,1990,124:157-163.
Cantatore P,C Saccone.Organization,structure,and evolution of mammalian mitochondrial genes[J].Int Rev Cytol,1987,108:149-208.
Carr S M,Marshall H D.Detection of intraspecific DNA sequence variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua) by the polymorase chain reaction[J].Can J Fish Aqua Sci,1991,48:48-52.
Chalmers K J,Waugh R,Sprent J,et al.Detection of genetic variation between and with populations of Cliricidra sepium and Gmaeulara using RAPD makers[J].Heredity,1992,69:465-472.
Chang Y S.The complete nucleotide sequence and gene organization of carp(Cyprinus carpio)mitochondrial genome[J].J Mol Evol,1994,138-155.
Chapman R W. Comparisons of mitochondrial DNA variation in four alosid species as revealed by the total genome,the NADH dehydrogenase I and cytochrome b regions. In:A R Beaumounted. Genetics and Evolution of Aquatic Organism. [J].Chapman and Hall,1994,249-262.
Chow S.PCR-RFLP analysis on 13 western Atlantic snapper( Sulfamily Lutjaninae):a single method for species and stock identification[J].US Natl Mar Fish Serv Fish Bull,1993(91) :619-627.
Danzman R G. Genetic discrimination of wild and hatchery populations of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis)(Mitchill) in the Ontario using mitochondrial DNA analysis[J]. J Fish Biol,1991,39(suppl.A. ):69-77.
David L,Rajasekaran P,Fang J,et al. Polymorphism in ornamental and common carp strains as revealed by AFLP analysis and a new set of microsatellite markers[J]. Mol Gene Genomics,2001,266 (3):353-360.
Elo K,Ivanoff S,Vuor Inan J A,et al.Inheritance of RAPD markers and detection of interspecific hybridization with brown trout and Atlantic Salmon [J]. Aquaculture, 1997,152: 55-65.
Estoup A,Presa P,Krieg F et al.(CT)N and (GT)N microsatellites:a new class of genetic markers for Salmo truttra L.(brown trout)[J].Heredity, 1993,71:488-496.
Felip A,Martinenrodr Iguez G,Piferrer F,et al.AFLP analysis confirms exclusive maternal genomic contribution of meiogynogenetic sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax L.) [J]. Marine Biotechnology,2000, 2:301-306
Gar Doramosm A, Herrn R, Jamilen A R, et al. Evolution of centromeric satellite DNA and its use in phylogenetic studies of the sparidae family(Pisces, Perciformes) [J]. Mol. Phylogenet.Evol., 1999,12:200-204.
Gilbert TL. Sequence of tRNA-Thr and tRNA-Pro from white sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus) mitochondrial[J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 1988,16:11 825.
Goss R,N Ilsson J,Schmitzm.A new species-specific nuclearDNA marker for identification of hybrids between Atlantic salmon and brown trout[J]. Journal of Fish Biology, 1996,49:537-540.
Govindaraju G S,Jayasankar P.Taxonomic relationship among seven species of groupers as revealed by RAPD fingerp rinting [J].Marine Biology,2003,6(3): 229-237.
Graves J E,S D Ferris,A E Dizon. Close genetic similarly of Atlantic and Pacific skip jack tuna(Katsuwonus peelamis) demonstrated with restriction Endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA[J].Mar.Bio., 1984,79 (3):315-319.
Grewe P M,P D M Hebert.Mitochondrial DNA variation in broodstocks of the lake trout[C].In:39th Conference of the International Association for Great Lakes Research,Scarborough,Ont,Can,NY:Laglr,Buffalo,1986,35.
Grunwald C,Stabile J,Waldman J R.Population genetics of shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. Molecular Ecology,2002,11:1885-1898.
Guo X H,Liu S J,Liu Y. Comparative analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region in cyprinids with different ploidy level[J].Aquaculture,2003,224 (14):25-38.
Gyllensten U.The genetic structure of fish:differences in the intraspecific distribution of biochemical variation between marine, andromous, and fresh water species[J]. J. Fish. Biol.,1985,26:691-699.
Hare J A,R K Cowen,J P Zehr,et al. Biological and oceanograph ic insights from larval labrid( Pisces:Labridac) identification using mtDNA sequences[J]. Mar. Bio l.,1994,118 (1)17-24.
He C,Chen L, Simmons M,et al. Genet[M].2003,34:445-448.
Inoue J G,Miya M,Tsukamoto K,et al. Basal actinopterygian relationships:a mitogenomic perspective on the phylogeny of the'ancient fish[J].Mol Phylogenet Evol,2003,26(1):110-120.
Johansen S.Organization of the mitochondrial genome of Atlantic cod,Gardus morhua[J] .Nucleic Acids Res,1990,18:217-411.
Khuda-Bukhsh,A.R.,K. Nayak.Karyomorphological studies in two species of hillstream fishes from Kashmir, India:Occurrence of a high number of chromosomes[J]. chromosome Information services, 1982, (33): 13-14.
Lee WJ, Conroy J,Howell W H.Structure and evolution of teleost mitochondrial control regions. J Mol Evol, 1995,41:54-66.
Leon F J, Canonnem, Qu Illet E, et al. The app lication ofmicrosatellite markers to breeding programmes in the sea bass dicen trarchus labrax [J]. Aquaculture,1998,159:303-316.
Levan A, Fredga K, Sandberg A. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromsosomes. Hereditas, 1964,52:201 -220.
Liu Z J, Nichols A, Li P, Dunham R. Mol Gen Genet, 1998, 258:260-268.
Lockhart P J, Penny D, Meyer A. Testing the phylogeny of swordtail fishes using split decomposition and spectral analysis[J]. Mol Evol, 1995, 41:666-674.
Maruyama, Imai, H.T. Evolutionary rate of the mammalian karyotype[J]. J Theor Bilo.1981,90(1):111-121.
Masash I S. Inheritance characteristics of microsatellite DNA loci in experimental families of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus[J]. Marine Biotechnology, 2001,3(4):310-315.
Matthias K,Anne S,Schmitz R W.Neandertal DNA sequences and the origin of modern humans[J].J Cell, 1997,90:19-30.
Mcconnell S, Hamilton L, Morris D, et al. Isolation of Salmonid microsatellite loci and their application to the population genetics of Canadian east coast stocks ofAltantic salmon [J].Aquaculture, 1995, 137: 19-30.
Meyer A,A C Wilson.Origin of tetrapods inferred from their mitochondrial DNA affiliation to lungfish[J].J Mol Evol, 1990,31:359-364.
Meyer A,DNA technology and phylogeny of fish,In:A R Beaumont.Genetics and Evolution of Aquatic Organisms[J].Chapman and Hall, 1994,219-249.
Meyer A. DNA technology and phylogeny of fish. In : A R Beaumont. Genetics and Evolution of Aquatic Organisms[J]. Chapman and Hall. 1994,219—249.
Morgan,GT.LamPbrush chromosomes and assoeiated bodies:new in sights into Principles of nuclear structure and function[J].Chromosome Res,2002,10(3): 177-200.
Murakami M,Matsuba C,Fujitani H.The maternal origins of the triploid ginbuna (Carassius auratus langsdorfi):phylogenetic relationships within the C.auratus taxa by partial mitochondrial D-loop sequencing[J].Genes Genet Syst,2001,76:25-32.
Nakabo T.The third international symposium on the marine sciences of the yellow sea (abstracts),Qingdao:Ocean Press, 1994:81.
Nei M,F Tajima.DNA polymorphism detectable by restriction endonucleases[J].Genetics,1981,97:145-163.
Okazaki M,Naruse K,Shima A et al.Phylogenetic relationships of bitterling based on mitochondrial 12Sribosomal DNA sequences[J].J.Fish.Biology,2001,58:89-106.
Ovenden J R,Lloyd J,Newman S J.Spatial genetic subdivision between northern Australian and southeast Asian populations of Pristipomoides multidens:a tropical marine reef fish species[J].Fisheries Research,2002,59:57-69.
Ovenden J R,R W GWhite. Mitochondrial DNA restriction site map for Gadopsis marmoratus[J]. Biochem Syst Ecol,1988,16:355-357.
Perezenrr Iquez R,Taniguchin.Genetic structure of red sea bream(Pagrus major)population of Japan and the southwest Pacific, using microsatellite DNA markers[J].Fish Sci,1999,65(1):23-30.
Priest J H,Pumila.With note on Eurasian cyprinids and their karyotypes[M]. Medical cytogenetics and cell culture, 1997, (2~(nd) ed).
Rishi,K. K.,Singh,J.,M. M. Kaul.Cheomosomal analysis of Schizothoraichthys progastus[J].Genome,1993,36:672-675.
Roques S,Sevigny J,Berna Tchezl.Evidence for broadscale introgressive hybridization between two redfish (genus Sebastes) in the North-west Atlantic: a rare marine example[J]. Mol.Ecol.,2001,10(1):149-165.
Sanchez L.,P. Martinez,A.Vinas,C.Bouza.Analysis of the structure and variability of nucleolar organizer of Salmo trutta by C-,Ag- and restriction endonuclease banding[J].Cytogenet.Cell Genent., 1990,54:6-9.
Slettan A,Olasker I,Lie O.Segregation studies and linkage analysis of Athlantic salmon microsatellites using haploid genetics[J].Heredity,1997,73(6):620-627.
Southern S O,Southern P J.Dizon A E.Molecular characterization of a cloned dolphin mitochondrial genome[J].J Mol Evol,1988,28 (1-2):32-40.
Stebbins,G L.Chromosomal evolution in higher plants.London,Ebward Amold(Publ), 1971.
Stepien C A.Population genetic divergence and geographic patterns from DNA sequences:examples form marine and freshwater fishes.Amer Fish Soc Symp, 1995,17:263-287.
Steven X C,Kevin D F. The utility of image processing techniques for morphometric analysis and stock identification[J]. Fisheries Research, 1999,43:129-139.
Sturmbauer C,A Meyer. Genetic divergence,speciation and morphological studies in a lineage of African cichlid fish[J]. Nature, 1992,358 : 578-581.
Tudela S. Merphological variability in a Mediteranean, genetically homogeneous population of the European anchovy, Engratdis enerasicolus[J].Fisheries Research,2001,42:229-243.
Vigdant L,Stoneking M,Harpending H.African populations and the evolution of human mitochondrial DNA[J].Science,1991,258:1503-1507.
Walberg M W,Clayton D A. Sequence and properties of the human KB cell and mouse L cell D-loop regions of mitochondrial DNA[J].Nucleic Acids Res,1981,9 (20) :5411-5421.
Wang J P,Lin H D,Huang S.Phylogeography of Varicorhinus barbatulus(Cyprinidae) in Taiwan based on nucleotide variation of mtDNA and allozymes[J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,2004,31:1143-1156.
Welsh J K.Fingerprinting genoms using PCR with arbitrary primers[J]. Nacl. Acids Res, 1990,18:7213-7218.
Whitmore D H,T H Thai,C M Craft.Gene amplification permits minimally invasive analysis of fish mitochondrial DNA Tran Am Fish[R] Soc,1992,121(2):170-177.
Williams J G K, Kubilik A R, Liavk KJ.DNA polymorphism amplified by arbitrary primers is useful as genetic markers[J].Nacl.Acids Res, 1990,18:6531-6535.
Yamamoto K,Cjima Y.A phaculture method for cells from the renaltissue of teleosts[J]. Japan J Genet, 1973,48 (3):235~238.
Young W P,Wheeler P A,Coryell VH,et al. Genetics,1998,148:839-850.
Yu H T, Lee Y J , Huang S W, et al. Genetic analysis of the populations of Japanese anchovy (Engraulidae: Engraulis japonicus) using microsatellite DNA[J].Mar. Biotechnol.,2001,4(5):471-479.
Yunis,J.J.,Prakash,O.The origin of man:a chromosomal pietorial legacy.Scienee.1982,215(4539):
Yunis,J.J.,Sawyer.J.R.,Dunham,K.The striking resemblance of high resolution G-banded chromosomes of man and chimpanzee[J].Science.1980,208(4448):1145-1148.
Zardoya R, Garrido-Pertierra A, Bautista J M.The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial DNA genome of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss[J]. J Mol Evol, 1995,41(6):942-951.
Zardoya R, Meyer A. The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the lungfish(Protopterus dolloi)supports its phylogenetic position as a close relative of land vertebrates[J]. Genetics, 1996, 142(4): 1249-1263.