城市电缆配电网优化规划
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摘要
配电网的规划和设计受到越来越多的重视，为了更好的满足城市的电力发展需求，本文研究了手拉手供电模式下城市电缆配电网的优化规划方法。
提出优先规划电缆沟路径，将其结果作为城市电缆配电网规划的约束条件之一的规划思想。将负荷点当作顶点，将可能开挖的路径当作边，将该电缆沟道的建设费用作为各条边的权重，将电缆沟规划问题转化为一个加权图，采用最小生成树算法获得总费用最小的优化规划结果。在规划过程中提出采用“剪枝最小生成树”的改进方法，实现了道路交叉点的处理问题。
在考虑建立电缆手拉手供电模式下，将两条电缆的供电范围定义为一个联合分区，以街区为最小的负荷块，采用以各个联合分区负荷最均衡为目标的启发式算法进行联合分区优化划分。
提出一种带约束的最小权匹配法解决了变电站分配问题，所建议的方法以每个变电站的电缆出线数为约束，选择两条来自不同变电站的电缆为同一个联合分区供电，以所需电缆材料费用最小为目标，完成变电站与联合分区的供电匹配。
在此基础上，以电缆沟路径为约束，进一步明确了各个联合分区中两条电缆的铺设路径、负荷分配和手拉手互联位置。
以上述算法为核心，基于MATLAB编制了城市电缆配电网计算机辅助优化规划程序。采用典型算例对提出的规划方法和编制的程序进行了测试和分析，结果表明提出的方法是可行的，所研制的应用软件达到预期要求。
The planning and design of distribution network become more and more important. Tomeet the demand of city development, the optimization approach of planning for hand-inhandcable distribution networks is investigated in this thesis.
The cable channals are planned in the first step, which is used as one of the constraints ofthe cable layout planning. In the planning of cable channals, the load points are regarded asvertexes and the possible routes are regarded as edges. The construction costs are regarded asweights of the corresponding edges. The minimal spanning tree approach is introduced toobtain the optimal planning scheme with the minimum costs. An improved algorithm ofbranch-cutting minimal spanning tree is suggested to solve the problem of road crosses.
To meet the requirement of hand-in-hand mode, the area supplied by the correspondingtwo cables are defined as a accompany district. A street district is considered as the minimumunit, based on which, a heuristc approach is used to divide the accompany districts with theindex of load balanceing.
A minimum weight matching algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of power sourcemanagement for cables, which is restrained to the number of the feeders of the substations. Aaccompany district is supplied by two cables from two different substations. The ihe ndex is tomake the cost as less as possible. The routes of the cables and the looped points are alsoworked out.
On the basis of above approaches, the computer aided optimal planning software of citycable distribution networks is programmed on the platform of MATLAB. An typical exampleis given to test the software, the results of which shows that the proposed approaches arefeasible and the software is a great help for cable distribution network planning.
提出优先规划电缆沟路径，将其结果作为城市电缆配电网规划的约束条件之一的规划思想。将负荷点当作顶点，将可能开挖的路径当作边，将该电缆沟道的建设费用作为各条边的权重，将电缆沟规划问题转化为一个加权图，采用最小生成树算法获得总费用最小的优化规划结果。在规划过程中提出采用“剪枝最小生成树”的改进方法，实现了道路交叉点的处理问题。
在考虑建立电缆手拉手供电模式下，将两条电缆的供电范围定义为一个联合分区，以街区为最小的负荷块，采用以各个联合分区负荷最均衡为目标的启发式算法进行联合分区优化划分。
提出一种带约束的最小权匹配法解决了变电站分配问题，所建议的方法以每个变电站的电缆出线数为约束，选择两条来自不同变电站的电缆为同一个联合分区供电，以所需电缆材料费用最小为目标，完成变电站与联合分区的供电匹配。
在此基础上，以电缆沟路径为约束，进一步明确了各个联合分区中两条电缆的铺设路径、负荷分配和手拉手互联位置。
以上述算法为核心，基于MATLAB编制了城市电缆配电网计算机辅助优化规划程序。采用典型算例对提出的规划方法和编制的程序进行了测试和分析，结果表明提出的方法是可行的，所研制的应用软件达到预期要求。
The planning and design of distribution network become more and more important. Tomeet the demand of city development, the optimization approach of planning for hand-inhandcable distribution networks is investigated in this thesis.
The cable channals are planned in the first step, which is used as one of the constraints ofthe cable layout planning. In the planning of cable channals, the load points are regarded asvertexes and the possible routes are regarded as edges. The construction costs are regarded asweights of the corresponding edges. The minimal spanning tree approach is introduced toobtain the optimal planning scheme with the minimum costs. An improved algorithm ofbranch-cutting minimal spanning tree is suggested to solve the problem of road crosses.
To meet the requirement of hand-in-hand mode, the area supplied by the correspondingtwo cables are defined as a accompany district. A street district is considered as the minimumunit, based on which, a heuristc approach is used to divide the accompany districts with theindex of load balanceing.
A minimum weight matching algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of power sourcemanagement for cables, which is restrained to the number of the feeders of the substations. Aaccompany district is supplied by two cables from two different substations. The ihe ndex is tomake the cost as less as possible. The routes of the cables and the looped points are alsoworked out.
On the basis of above approaches, the computer aided optimal planning software of citycable distribution networks is programmed on the platform of MATLAB. An typical exampleis given to test the software, the results of which shows that the proposed approaches arefeasible and the software is a great help for cable distribution network planning.
引文
[1]雷继革,刘江波.中等城市10 kV电缆入地的探索与实践[J].山西电力,2003,20(5):48-51
[2]刘康,印永福.城市电网架空线路与地下电缆的技术经济分析.广东电力,2007,20(5):24～27
[3] Fawzi T.H,Ali K.F,El-Sobki S.M,Routing optimization of primary rural distributionfeeders,IEEE Transon PWS,Vol 101,No5，1982，1129-1133.
[4] Masud E,An interactive procedure for sizing and timing distribution substations usingoptimizationtechniques,Trans on PWS,Vol 93,No 5,September 1974,1281-1286.
[5] R.N,Langhton M A,Optmal planning of power networks:a mathematical programmingmethod,TransProc,Vol.124,No 1,Jan 1977,54-58.
[6] K.S,Brameller,Design of low-voltage distribution network:a mathematical programmingmethod,Transon PWS,Vol.PAS-121,No 2,Feb 1974,139-147.
[7] Wall D.L,Thompson G.L,An optimization model for planning radial distributionsystem,Trans on PWS,Vol.PAS-98,No 5,May 1979,1061~1067.
[8] Gonen T.Footo B.L,Distribution system planning using mixed-integer programming,IEEProc C,Vol128,No 2,Mar 1981,70~79
[9] Thompson G.L,Wall D.L,A branch and bound model for choosing optimal substationlocations,Transon PWS,Vol.PAS-100,No.5,May 1981,2263-2270.
[10]Gonen T,Foote B.L,Mathematical dynamic optimization model for electrical distributionsystem planning,Electrical Power&Energy System,Vol.4,No 2,Apr 1982,129~136.
[11] [11]Miranda V.,Matos M.A.C.C.,Distribution system planning with fuzzy models andtechniques,CIRED 1989,472~476.
[12]Kagan N.,Adamas R.N.,A computational decision support system for electricaldistribution system planning,IEEE conference,1992,133~138.
[13]Kagan N.,Adamas R.N., Electrical power distribution systems planning using fuzzymathematical programming[J], Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 1994,16(3):191~196.
[14]张焰，陈章潮，谈伟．不确定性的电网规划方法研究．电网技术，1999，20(3)：15～18．
[15][15]高赐威，程浩忠，王旭．盲信息的模糊评价模型在电网规划中的应用．中国电机工程学报,2004，24(9),25～29．
[16]Carvalho P.M.S,Ferreira L.A.F,etc,Optimal distribution network expansion planning underuncertainly by evolutionary decision convergence,Electrical Power$EnergySystems,1998，Vol 20,No 2,125~129.
[17]Miranda V,Procnca L.M,Why risk analysis outperforms probabilistic choice as theeffective decision support paradigm for power system planning,IEEE Trans on PowerSystem,1998，Vol 13,No 2,May,643~648.
[18]Hasselfield C.W,Wilson P,etc,An automated method for least cost distributionplanning,PowerIndustry Computer Application Conference,1989,83~89.
[19]Jonnavithula S,Billionton R,Minimum cost analysis of feeder routing in distributionsystem planning,IEEE Trans on Power delivery,1998,Vol 11,No 4,Oct,1335~1340.
[20]程国良，王熙法，庄镇犬，王东升，遗传算法及其应用，人民邮电出版社，1996。
[21]Miranda v,Ranito J.V,Proenca L.M,Genetic algorithms in optimal multistage distributionnetworkm planning,IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1994,Vol9,No4,1927~1933.
[22]Ramirez-Rosado I.J,Bernal-Agustin J.L,Genetic algorithms applied to the design of largepower distribution systems,IEEE Trans on Power System,1998,Vol 13,No 2,May 696~703.
[23]Ning Yang,Fushuang Wen,A preliminary investigation on transmission system expansionplanning in competitive electricity market environment．IEEE international conferment onelectric utility deregulation restructuring and power technologies,2004,Hong Kong．
[24]叶在福，单渊达．基于边界搜索策略的遗传算法在电网扩展规划中的应用．中国电机工程学报，2000,20(11)，41～45．
[25]高赐威，程浩忠，王旭．基于计算资源效率分配的多种群中心解搜索电网规划算法．中国电机工程学报，2004,24(10)，8～14．
[26]张李盈，范明天．配电网综合模型和算法的研究．中国电机工程学报，2004,24(6)，59～64．
[27]肖峻，王成山，周敏．基于区间层次分析法的城市电网规划综合评判决策．中国电机工程学报，2004,24(4)，50～57．
[28]王赛一，王成山，遗传禁忌混合算法及其在电网规划中的应用．电力系统自动化，2000,28(20)，43～46．
[29]王成山,王赛一.基于空间GIS的城市中压配电网络智能规划(一)辐射接线模式的自动布局.电力系统自动化，2004,28(5)，45～50.
[30]伍力，吴捷，钟丹虹,多目标优化改进遗传算法在电网规划中的应用.电力系统自动化，2000,24(6)，45～48.
[31]刘晓飞,彭建春,高效,陈景怀.基于单亲遗传算法的配电网络规划.电网技术，2002，26(30),53～56.
[32]Vladimiro,Miranda,J.V.Ranito,L.M.Proenca.Genetic algorithms in optimal multistagedistribution network planning.IEEE Trans.on Power Systems,9(4)，1994，1927～1933.
[33]王天华，王平洋，范明天．用演化算法求解多阶段配电网规划问题．中国电机工程学报，2000，20(3)，34～38．
[34]韩祯祥，1998国际大电网会议(CIGRE)简介.电力系统白动化,1998，22(11)，47～52.
[35]范明大，张祖平，岳宗斌译.配电网络规划与设计.中国电力出版社，1999，
[36]刘健，杨文宇，余健明等，基于改进最小生成树算法并考虑负荷不确定性的配电网架最优规划[J].电网技术，2005，29(16)：60～65.
[37]李智宇,陈建福,张尧.基于优化分区的配电网规划研究机实践.广西电力，2006，5（04），1～4.
[38]王大成,程浩忠等.配电网分块中长期电力负荷预测实践[J].供用电,2004,(1):17～20.
[39]李儒,钟庆,等.城网规划地理负荷分布预测[J].广东电力,2001,5(2):1～3.
[40]钟庆,吴捷.基于系统动力学的分区负荷预测[J].电网技术,2001,51(3):1～5.
[41]宋蒙，刘健，刘巩权．基于优化分区的城市配电网架规划．继电器[J]，2005，33（23）：31～35
[42]李朝阳.城镇电网电缆入地改造工程的思考[J].农村电气化，2003，5(04):26～27
[2]刘康,印永福.城市电网架空线路与地下电缆的技术经济分析.广东电力,2007,20(5):24～27
[3] Fawzi T.H,Ali K.F,El-Sobki S.M,Routing optimization of primary rural distributionfeeders,IEEE Transon PWS,Vol 101,No5，1982，1129-1133.
[4] Masud E,An interactive procedure for sizing and timing distribution substations usingoptimizationtechniques,Trans on PWS,Vol 93,No 5,September 1974,1281-1286.
[5] R.N,Langhton M A,Optmal planning of power networks:a mathematical programmingmethod,TransProc,Vol.124,No 1,Jan 1977,54-58.
[6] K.S,Brameller,Design of low-voltage distribution network:a mathematical programmingmethod,Transon PWS,Vol.PAS-121,No 2,Feb 1974,139-147.
[7] Wall D.L,Thompson G.L,An optimization model for planning radial distributionsystem,Trans on PWS,Vol.PAS-98,No 5,May 1979,1061~1067.
[8] Gonen T.Footo B.L,Distribution system planning using mixed-integer programming,IEEProc C,Vol128,No 2,Mar 1981,70~79
[9] Thompson G.L,Wall D.L,A branch and bound model for choosing optimal substationlocations,Transon PWS,Vol.PAS-100,No.5,May 1981,2263-2270.
[10]Gonen T,Foote B.L,Mathematical dynamic optimization model for electrical distributionsystem planning,Electrical Power&Energy System,Vol.4,No 2,Apr 1982,129~136.
[11] [11]Miranda V.,Matos M.A.C.C.,Distribution system planning with fuzzy models andtechniques,CIRED 1989,472~476.
[12]Kagan N.,Adamas R.N.,A computational decision support system for electricaldistribution system planning,IEEE conference,1992,133~138.
[13]Kagan N.,Adamas R.N., Electrical power distribution systems planning using fuzzymathematical programming[J], Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 1994,16(3):191~196.
[14]张焰，陈章潮，谈伟．不确定性的电网规划方法研究．电网技术，1999，20(3)：15～18．
[15][15]高赐威，程浩忠，王旭．盲信息的模糊评价模型在电网规划中的应用．中国电机工程学报,2004，24(9),25～29．
[16]Carvalho P.M.S,Ferreira L.A.F,etc,Optimal distribution network expansion planning underuncertainly by evolutionary decision convergence,Electrical Power$EnergySystems,1998，Vol 20,No 2,125~129.
[17]Miranda V,Procnca L.M,Why risk analysis outperforms probabilistic choice as theeffective decision support paradigm for power system planning,IEEE Trans on PowerSystem,1998，Vol 13,No 2,May,643~648.
[18]Hasselfield C.W,Wilson P,etc,An automated method for least cost distributionplanning,PowerIndustry Computer Application Conference,1989,83~89.
[19]Jonnavithula S,Billionton R,Minimum cost analysis of feeder routing in distributionsystem planning,IEEE Trans on Power delivery,1998,Vol 11,No 4,Oct,1335~1340.
[20]程国良，王熙法，庄镇犬，王东升，遗传算法及其应用，人民邮电出版社，1996。
[21]Miranda v,Ranito J.V,Proenca L.M,Genetic algorithms in optimal multistage distributionnetworkm planning,IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1994,Vol9,No4,1927~1933.
[22]Ramirez-Rosado I.J,Bernal-Agustin J.L,Genetic algorithms applied to the design of largepower distribution systems,IEEE Trans on Power System,1998,Vol 13,No 2,May 696~703.
[23]Ning Yang,Fushuang Wen,A preliminary investigation on transmission system expansionplanning in competitive electricity market environment．IEEE international conferment onelectric utility deregulation restructuring and power technologies,2004,Hong Kong．
[24]叶在福，单渊达．基于边界搜索策略的遗传算法在电网扩展规划中的应用．中国电机工程学报，2000,20(11)，41～45．
[25]高赐威，程浩忠，王旭．基于计算资源效率分配的多种群中心解搜索电网规划算法．中国电机工程学报，2004,24(10)，8～14．
[26]张李盈，范明天．配电网综合模型和算法的研究．中国电机工程学报，2004,24(6)，59～64．
[27]肖峻，王成山，周敏．基于区间层次分析法的城市电网规划综合评判决策．中国电机工程学报，2004,24(4)，50～57．
[28]王赛一，王成山，遗传禁忌混合算法及其在电网规划中的应用．电力系统自动化，2000,28(20)，43～46．
[29]王成山,王赛一.基于空间GIS的城市中压配电网络智能规划(一)辐射接线模式的自动布局.电力系统自动化，2004,28(5)，45～50.
[30]伍力，吴捷，钟丹虹,多目标优化改进遗传算法在电网规划中的应用.电力系统自动化，2000,24(6)，45～48.
[31]刘晓飞,彭建春,高效,陈景怀.基于单亲遗传算法的配电网络规划.电网技术，2002，26(30),53～56.
[32]Vladimiro,Miranda,J.V.Ranito,L.M.Proenca.Genetic algorithms in optimal multistagedistribution network planning.IEEE Trans.on Power Systems,9(4)，1994，1927～1933.
[33]王天华，王平洋，范明天．用演化算法求解多阶段配电网规划问题．中国电机工程学报，2000，20(3)，34～38．
[34]韩祯祥，1998国际大电网会议(CIGRE)简介.电力系统白动化,1998，22(11)，47～52.
[35]范明大，张祖平，岳宗斌译.配电网络规划与设计.中国电力出版社，1999，
[36]刘健，杨文宇，余健明等，基于改进最小生成树算法并考虑负荷不确定性的配电网架最优规划[J].电网技术，2005，29(16)：60～65.
[37]李智宇,陈建福,张尧.基于优化分区的配电网规划研究机实践.广西电力，2006，5（04），1～4.
[38]王大成,程浩忠等.配电网分块中长期电力负荷预测实践[J].供用电,2004,(1):17～20.
[39]李儒,钟庆,等.城网规划地理负荷分布预测[J].广东电力,2001,5(2):1～3.
[40]钟庆,吴捷.基于系统动力学的分区负荷预测[J].电网技术,2001,51(3):1～5.
[41]宋蒙，刘健，刘巩权．基于优化分区的城市配电网架规划．继电器[J]，2005，33（23）：31～35
[42]李朝阳.城镇电网电缆入地改造工程的思考[J].农村电气化，2003，5(04):26～27