吸收能力对校企合作绩效的影响研究
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摘要
我国的经济总量已经在2010年超过日本成为全球第二。但是长期以来,我国工业企业在创新活动中一直存在效率低下的问题,随着中国经济的不断发展,中国制造业日益面临着劳动力成本带来的竞争优势正在逐步被削弱、以市场换技术的策略也正在逐步失效的问题。如何摆脱跨国公司在核心技术上的控制和知识产权策略对中国制造业形成的巨大压力,如何在劳动力成本优势之外寻找到可以长期持续的竞争优势基础,已经成为引起越来越多的政策制定者、产业界人士和研究学者日益关注的问题。
企业和高校是社会创新系统的两大源泉,这两大创新资源在很多地方存在着互补之处。校企合作则是上述两大机构以共同的发展目标为基础,按照一定的机制或规则进行结合,形成某种合作研发关系,其目的是建立熊彼特所言及的新的生产函数,创造某种未知的需求和价值,最终形成某个企业或产业中的企业的核心竞争力的过程。当前中国企业的自主创新能力偏弱,在这个时候引入高校创新资源可以有效的起到推动企业自身创新能力发展的作用。因此在这个背景下,校企合作作为一种重要的外部合作形式引起了实践界和理论界的广泛关注。
本文选择企业的吸收能力做为校企合作绩效影响因素的突破口,首先进行相关理论文献综述和深度访谈研究,重点分析了企业吸收能力在校企合作情境下的具体表现形式,并详细讨论了吸收能力影响校企合作绩效的中间过程环节,并找到相应的替代变量建立了实证模型和相关假设,其目的旨在打开吸收能力如何影响校企合作绩效的黑箱过程。然后进行了组织层面的大规模问卷调查收集经验数据并利用结构方程模型(SEM)和调节变量检验方法对理论模型予以了实证研究。
研究结果表明:第一,校企合作绩效受到合作过程环节效率的影响。第二,吸收能力的子维度:潜在吸收能力和实际吸收能力会通过校企合作的中间过程环节(资源互补性、合作正式化、信息交换和粘滞知识转移)影响校企合作绩效。第三,吸收能力的这些影响作用会受到市场不确定性和技术复杂度的调节作用。
本研究对校企合作这一较新的研究领域进行了理论和实践探索,丰富了该领域的研究成果,并且对校企合作进行了系统的文献综述,对其动机、模式、绩效、风险和绩效的影响因素进行了系统的总结,为后续的研究展示了一个相对比较完整的校企合作概貌。同时打破了以往有关校企合作绩效的静态研究思路,引入动态视角对校企合作过程进行深入研究并创造性的将吸收能力的子维度划分标准进行了理论创新,提出时间-空间二维划分标准,并以此合理的解释了目前学术界的争议问题。最后对吸收能力各子维度这些抽象概念在校企合作情景下的具体表现形式进行了理论探索,并详细分析和实证了吸收能力各子维度在校企合作的各个阶段中的具体作用过程。本文的主要研究结论可以为校企合作中企业吸收能力的后续研究提供一定的借鉴与参考。
Chinese economic aggregate has surpassed Japan to become the world's second in 2010. But Chinese industrial innovation has been the problem of low efficiency for a long time. With the continuous development of Chinese economy, China's manufacturing industry is facing increasing labor costs, the competitive advantage is gradually being weakened. the market for technology strategy is gradually failure.
How to get rid of the control of multinational companies in core technology and intellectual property strategy for the formation of the enormous pressure of Chinese manufacturing, and how to find the basis of long-term sustainable competitive advantage outside of the labor cost advantage has become a focus concern of increasing number of policy makers, industry professionals and researchers.
Industry and universities are the two major sources of social innovation system. These two innovative resources are complementarities in many places. University and industry collaboration is the two institutions based on a common development goals, according to certain rules or mechanism , forming a collaborative R&D relationship. The purpose is to establish the new production function talk about by Schumpeter, creating a demand for and value of the unknown species, and ultimately formatting the enterprise's core competitiveness
China's current independent innovation capability of enterprises is weak. At this time to introduce innovative resources of universities could effectively promote their innovation and capacity development. Therefore, in this context, university and industry collaboration as an important form of external collaboration caused widespread concern in the practice and theoretical community.
We choose the absorptive capacity of enterprises as a breakthrough to research university and industry collaboration performance. Firstly we did the literature review and depth interviews, and analyzed absorptive capacity in the context of university and industry collaboration. And then, we discuss how does the Absorption capacity affecting the middle process of university and industry collaboration in detail.
We found the appropriate proxy variables to establish an empirical model and related hypothesis in order to open the black box of how does the absorptive capacity affects the performance of university and industry collaboration.
Finally, we organize a large-scale survey to collect data and use the tools of structural equation modeling (SEM) and moderate variable test to do the empirical study. The results show that: first, the University and industry collaboration performance was affected by efficiency of processes within this collaboration. Second, the absorptive capacity of the sub-dimensions: potential absorptive capacity and realized capacity will affect the University and industry collaboration performance through these processes(Resource complementarity, formalize, information exchange and sticky knowledge transfer). Third, these effect will be moderated by market uncertainty and techonology complexity.
Our study explore the theory and practice to enrich research in this relatively new area of university and industry collaboration. And doing a systematic literature review of its motivation, model, performance, risk and factors affecting on performance about university and industry collaboration to summary a relatively complete overview for follow-up study. We broke static perspective of research on the performance of university and industry collaboration, introducing a dynamic perspective to study the whole process of university and industry collaboration.
We also make a theoretical innovation to the sub-division of absorption capacity in creative. stating the two-dimensional sub-dimensions standard of absorption capacity, and use it to explain the current academic disputes in reasonable.
Finally, we did a theoretical explorer on the specific role of these abstract absorption capacity sub-dimensions. and analysising the how does the absorptive capacity affect the whole process of university and industry collaboration. The main conclusions can be a reference for future research about the absorptive capacity in the context of university and industry collaboration.
企业和高校是社会创新系统的两大源泉,这两大创新资源在很多地方存在着互补之处。校企合作则是上述两大机构以共同的发展目标为基础,按照一定的机制或规则进行结合,形成某种合作研发关系,其目的是建立熊彼特所言及的新的生产函数,创造某种未知的需求和价值,最终形成某个企业或产业中的企业的核心竞争力的过程。当前中国企业的自主创新能力偏弱,在这个时候引入高校创新资源可以有效的起到推动企业自身创新能力发展的作用。因此在这个背景下,校企合作作为一种重要的外部合作形式引起了实践界和理论界的广泛关注。
本文选择企业的吸收能力做为校企合作绩效影响因素的突破口,首先进行相关理论文献综述和深度访谈研究,重点分析了企业吸收能力在校企合作情境下的具体表现形式,并详细讨论了吸收能力影响校企合作绩效的中间过程环节,并找到相应的替代变量建立了实证模型和相关假设,其目的旨在打开吸收能力如何影响校企合作绩效的黑箱过程。然后进行了组织层面的大规模问卷调查收集经验数据并利用结构方程模型(SEM)和调节变量检验方法对理论模型予以了实证研究。
研究结果表明:第一,校企合作绩效受到合作过程环节效率的影响。第二,吸收能力的子维度:潜在吸收能力和实际吸收能力会通过校企合作的中间过程环节(资源互补性、合作正式化、信息交换和粘滞知识转移)影响校企合作绩效。第三,吸收能力的这些影响作用会受到市场不确定性和技术复杂度的调节作用。
本研究对校企合作这一较新的研究领域进行了理论和实践探索,丰富了该领域的研究成果,并且对校企合作进行了系统的文献综述,对其动机、模式、绩效、风险和绩效的影响因素进行了系统的总结,为后续的研究展示了一个相对比较完整的校企合作概貌。同时打破了以往有关校企合作绩效的静态研究思路,引入动态视角对校企合作过程进行深入研究并创造性的将吸收能力的子维度划分标准进行了理论创新,提出时间-空间二维划分标准,并以此合理的解释了目前学术界的争议问题。最后对吸收能力各子维度这些抽象概念在校企合作情景下的具体表现形式进行了理论探索,并详细分析和实证了吸收能力各子维度在校企合作的各个阶段中的具体作用过程。本文的主要研究结论可以为校企合作中企业吸收能力的后续研究提供一定的借鉴与参考。
Chinese economic aggregate has surpassed Japan to become the world's second in 2010. But Chinese industrial innovation has been the problem of low efficiency for a long time. With the continuous development of Chinese economy, China's manufacturing industry is facing increasing labor costs, the competitive advantage is gradually being weakened. the market for technology strategy is gradually failure.
How to get rid of the control of multinational companies in core technology and intellectual property strategy for the formation of the enormous pressure of Chinese manufacturing, and how to find the basis of long-term sustainable competitive advantage outside of the labor cost advantage has become a focus concern of increasing number of policy makers, industry professionals and researchers.
Industry and universities are the two major sources of social innovation system. These two innovative resources are complementarities in many places. University and industry collaboration is the two institutions based on a common development goals, according to certain rules or mechanism , forming a collaborative R&D relationship. The purpose is to establish the new production function talk about by Schumpeter, creating a demand for and value of the unknown species, and ultimately formatting the enterprise's core competitiveness
China's current independent innovation capability of enterprises is weak. At this time to introduce innovative resources of universities could effectively promote their innovation and capacity development. Therefore, in this context, university and industry collaboration as an important form of external collaboration caused widespread concern in the practice and theoretical community.
We choose the absorptive capacity of enterprises as a breakthrough to research university and industry collaboration performance. Firstly we did the literature review and depth interviews, and analyzed absorptive capacity in the context of university and industry collaboration. And then, we discuss how does the Absorption capacity affecting the middle process of university and industry collaboration in detail.
We found the appropriate proxy variables to establish an empirical model and related hypothesis in order to open the black box of how does the absorptive capacity affects the performance of university and industry collaboration.
Finally, we organize a large-scale survey to collect data and use the tools of structural equation modeling (SEM) and moderate variable test to do the empirical study. The results show that: first, the University and industry collaboration performance was affected by efficiency of processes within this collaboration. Second, the absorptive capacity of the sub-dimensions: potential absorptive capacity and realized capacity will affect the University and industry collaboration performance through these processes(Resource complementarity, formalize, information exchange and sticky knowledge transfer). Third, these effect will be moderated by market uncertainty and techonology complexity.
Our study explore the theory and practice to enrich research in this relatively new area of university and industry collaboration. And doing a systematic literature review of its motivation, model, performance, risk and factors affecting on performance about university and industry collaboration to summary a relatively complete overview for follow-up study. We broke static perspective of research on the performance of university and industry collaboration, introducing a dynamic perspective to study the whole process of university and industry collaboration.
We also make a theoretical innovation to the sub-division of absorption capacity in creative. stating the two-dimensional sub-dimensions standard of absorption capacity, and use it to explain the current academic disputes in reasonable.
Finally, we did a theoretical explorer on the specific role of these abstract absorption capacity sub-dimensions. and analysising the how does the absorptive capacity affect the whole process of university and industry collaboration. The main conclusions can be a reference for future research about the absorptive capacity in the context of university and industry collaboration.
引文
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