基于嵌入式Linux的数字存储示波器的设计与软件实现
|
摘要
示波器在工程测量中有着广泛的应用,是工程技术人员在科研工作中最常用的电子测量仪器之一。数字存储示波器(DSO)更是以其特有的优势,成为近年来发展最快的电子测量仪器之一。
随着现代测量对电子仪器精度、速度、智能化等各方面要求的提高,传统的基于单片机的测量仪器由于很难完成操作系统的嵌入、文件的管理、各种接口的集成、大容量存储器的扩展等功能,在许多领域的应用受到限制。针对这些问题,本文通过对传统DSO技术方案以及本项目具体功能和指标的分析,提出了ARM+FPGA+嵌入式Linux架构的技术方案。本系统采用Samsung公司的ARM9微处理器S3C2410作为控制核心,其强大的控制性能和灵活的接口技术可以大大简化系统的控制和编程。采用Xilinx公司的性价比较高的FPGA芯片XC3S500E,实现了数据的高速采集和处理。
为了在嵌入式Linux操作系统中实现对硬件设备的操作,需要开发对应的设备驱动程序。根据系统要求,研究开发了三种设备驱动程序:GPIO设备驱动程序、SPI设备驱动程序以及FPGA设备驱动程序。实践证明这些驱动程序都能稳定的工作。
同时,本文还开发了嵌入式Linux的下位机应用程序,这些应用程序都是在Qt/Embedded环境下开发的。应用程序的作用是通过调用设备驱动程序来控制系统硬件的工作以及实现良好的人机交互功能。经测试应用程序很好地完成了示波器波形的实时显示、控制以及实时响应键盘操作等功能。
As one of the most common equipments the engineers use in research and development, the oscilloscope has been widely used in project measurements. The Digital Storage Oscilloscope(DSO)has become one of the most fast-developed equipments because of its proper characteristics.
With the enhancing requirements on speed, precision and intelligence in modern measurement, traditional measuring instruments based on single chip system is very difficult to finish the operating system embedding, the management of files, integration of different interface, huge size memory enlargement and so on. In the past days, it is limited in many fields. In order to solve these problems, we present the scheme of ARM+FPGA+Embedded Linux according to the schemes of traditional DSOs and requirement details of this project. We choose the microprocessor S3C2410 with ARM9 core produced by Sumsung Corporation as control core. The ARM microprocessor makes the control simple as well as the programming because of its strong control ability and flexible connectors. We choose the cost-effective FPGA chip XC3S500E of Xilinx Corporation to achieve the function of fast acquisition and processing.
In order to control the hardware in embedded linux, we need to develop linux device drivers. According to the system requirements, we develop three types of device drivers: GPIO device driver, SPI device driver and FPGA device driver. The test proves that these device drivers work steadily.
At the same time, we develop the embedded Linux application procedures in the development environment of Qt/Embedded. The role of the applications procedures is to control the hardware of the system and achieve good interactive of human-machine. The test shows that the application proceduress complete tasks well such as real-time display, control of the waveform and response of keyboard events .
随着现代测量对电子仪器精度、速度、智能化等各方面要求的提高,传统的基于单片机的测量仪器由于很难完成操作系统的嵌入、文件的管理、各种接口的集成、大容量存储器的扩展等功能,在许多领域的应用受到限制。针对这些问题,本文通过对传统DSO技术方案以及本项目具体功能和指标的分析,提出了ARM+FPGA+嵌入式Linux架构的技术方案。本系统采用Samsung公司的ARM9微处理器S3C2410作为控制核心,其强大的控制性能和灵活的接口技术可以大大简化系统的控制和编程。采用Xilinx公司的性价比较高的FPGA芯片XC3S500E,实现了数据的高速采集和处理。
为了在嵌入式Linux操作系统中实现对硬件设备的操作,需要开发对应的设备驱动程序。根据系统要求,研究开发了三种设备驱动程序:GPIO设备驱动程序、SPI设备驱动程序以及FPGA设备驱动程序。实践证明这些驱动程序都能稳定的工作。
同时,本文还开发了嵌入式Linux的下位机应用程序,这些应用程序都是在Qt/Embedded环境下开发的。应用程序的作用是通过调用设备驱动程序来控制系统硬件的工作以及实现良好的人机交互功能。经测试应用程序很好地完成了示波器波形的实时显示、控制以及实时响应键盘操作等功能。
As one of the most common equipments the engineers use in research and development, the oscilloscope has been widely used in project measurements. The Digital Storage Oscilloscope(DSO)has become one of the most fast-developed equipments because of its proper characteristics.
With the enhancing requirements on speed, precision and intelligence in modern measurement, traditional measuring instruments based on single chip system is very difficult to finish the operating system embedding, the management of files, integration of different interface, huge size memory enlargement and so on. In the past days, it is limited in many fields. In order to solve these problems, we present the scheme of ARM+FPGA+Embedded Linux according to the schemes of traditional DSOs and requirement details of this project. We choose the microprocessor S3C2410 with ARM9 core produced by Sumsung Corporation as control core. The ARM microprocessor makes the control simple as well as the programming because of its strong control ability and flexible connectors. We choose the cost-effective FPGA chip XC3S500E of Xilinx Corporation to achieve the function of fast acquisition and processing.
In order to control the hardware in embedded linux, we need to develop linux device drivers. According to the system requirements, we develop three types of device drivers: GPIO device driver, SPI device driver and FPGA device driver. The test proves that these device drivers work steadily.
At the same time, we develop the embedded Linux application procedures in the development environment of Qt/Embedded. The role of the applications procedures is to control the hardware of the system and achieve good interactive of human-machine. The test shows that the application proceduress complete tasks well such as real-time display, control of the waveform and response of keyboard events .
引文
[1] Yoshida .3-in-1 oscilloscope combines DMM/DSO functions[J]. T. Source JEE (Journal of Electronic Engineering), v 28, 1995.
[2] Hwee Tou Ng, Huey Ting Ang, Wee Meng Soon. DSO at TREC-8: a hybrid algorithm for the routing task[J]. Information Technology, Eighth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8) (NIST SP 500-246), 2000.
[3] Anon. DPO meets increased bandwidth demands. Electronic Product Design[J], v 22, n 7, July, 2001.
[4] Allan, Roger. DPOs Employ Intuitive Learning To Raise Productivity Bar[J]. Electroni Design, v 52, n 6, Mar 15, 2004.
[5] Chen Xiaomin,Shi Wenjun,Sheng Wen. Application of multithreading in virtual digital storage oscilloscope development. Control、Automation、Robotics and Vision Conference,IEEE Sensors Journal,2004,Volume 1,Page(s):504 - 508.
[6] Guo Shize,Zhang Yiqun, Sun Shenghe. The dynamic calibration of digital stora oscilloscopes in noise environments. Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings, IEEE, 2001, Vol 12,Page(s):520 - 522.
[7] Pan Guangbin. Research on the Optimizing Design of FPGA. ISTM, 2003.
[8] Ben Cohen. VHDL coding styles and methodologies[M]. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.
[9] Samsung Electronics Co.Ltd. S3C2410 32-Bit Risc Microprocessor User's Manual 1.2. 2003.
[10] Zhang YiLei. TFT-LCD driver of S3C2410 with ARM CPU core. Changchun Inst of Opt, Fine Mech& Phys, Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, v 20,n 1,Feb.2005, Page(s):61-66.
[11] Jin Wei, Chen Changling. Comparison of frequency measurement between time-domain and frequency-domain in DSO. Communications, Circuits and Systems Proceedings 2005 International Conference, Volume 2, May. 2005, Page(s):286 - 288 .
[12] Chen Xiaomin, Shi Wenjun, Sheng Wen. Application of multithreading in virtual digital storage oscilloscope development. Control、Automation、Robotics and Vision Conference,IEEE Sensors Journal, 2004.
[13] Brad Brannon. Aperture Uncertainty and ADC System Performance. Analog Device,Inc,2004.
[14] Brad Brannon. Sampled Systems and Effects of Clock Phase Noise and Jitter. Analog Device,Inc,2004.
[15] Kim Goldblatt. The 3.3V Configuration of Spartan-3FPGAs. Xilinx, Inc, 2005.
[16] Stephanie Tapp. Configuration Quick Start Guidelines. Xilinx, Inc, 2003.
[17] Mo Guan, Guangjie Han, Hai Zhao. The Embedded Internet Technology Based on RealTime Kernel for non-PC Devices. Sensing and Control,2004,11(1):343-344.
[18] Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati. Understanding the Linux Kernel. New York: O'Reilly, 2001.
[19] Alessandro Rubini, Jonathan Corbet. Linux Device Drivers, Second Edition. New York: O’Reilly, 2004.
[20] Richard M, SW lman. Using and Porting the GNU Compiler Collection For GCC Version 2.95. New York: the Free Software Foundation, 1998.
[21] Karim Yaghmour. Building Embedded Linux Systems. New York: O'Reilly, 2003.
[22] Klaus Wehrle, Frank Pahlke, Hartmut Ritter. The Linux Networking Architecture, Design and Implementation of Network Protocols in the Linux Kernel. New York: Prentice Hall, 2004.
[23] Robert Love. Linux Kernel Development, Second Edition. Indianapolis: Novell Press, 2005.
[24] Brad A Myers, Hudson, Pausch. Past、Present and Future of User Interaction. 2000, 7(1):3-28.
[25] Jasmin Blanchette, Mark Summerfield. C++ Gui Programming with Qt 3. New Jersey : Pearson Education, 2004.
[26]王刚.基于双CPU的数字存储示波器的设计与实现[C].南京:东南大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[27]赵存瑜. DSO程控功能的实现及其研究[C].成都:电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[28]俞露.基于ARM的嵌入式系统硬件设计[C].杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[29]李书鹏.基于ARM的仿生康复手嵌入式系统的硬件设计[C].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[30]邓颖,陈光禹.高速数字存储示波器的数字滤波器设计与实现[J].仪表技术, 2004, 16(6):16~19.
[31]夏永君.基于DSP的便携式数字测试设备设计[C].南京:南京航空航天大学硕士学位文, 2004.
[32]朱耀东,经亚枝.基于FPGA的LCD&VGA控制器设计[J].电子技术应用,2002, 10(12): 33~37.
[33]杜春雷. ARM体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[34]胥静.嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005.1.
[35]陈赜,秦贵和,徐华中等. ARM9嵌入式技术及Linux高级实践教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005.6.
[36]袁继敏. 60MHz数字存储示波器性能样机的研究与试制[C].成都:电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[37]郭献宏.数字示波器波形显示处理技术[J].测试技术与自动化, 2004, 16(7): 45-48.
[38]赵琪. 100MHz数字存储示波器软件设计-参数测量和人机交互功能的实现[C].成都:电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[39]段涛.基于ARM9和嵌入式Linux智能手机开发平台的研究[C].武汉:武汉理工大学硕士学位论文, 2007.
[40]易斌.基于Linux操作系统的数据采集模块的设计与实现[C].湖南:湖南大学硕士学位论文, 2007.
[41]刘珂君.嵌入式Linux及其设备驱动实现技术的研究[C].北京:北京邮电大学硕士学位论文, 2006.
[42]王丽洁.嵌入式Linux的图形界面技术研究与实现[C].长沙:国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文, 2006.
[43]张永.基于ARM9的嵌入式Linux开发平台构建与应用[C].天津:天津师范大学硕士学位论文, 2006.
[44]孙茂阳.基于嵌入式系统的驱动程序及图形显示技术研究[C].长沙:国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文, 2004.
[45]徐英惠,马忠梅,王磊等. ARM9嵌入式系统设计-基于S3C2410与Linux[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2007.9.
[46]林晓飞,刘彬,张辉.基于ARM嵌入式Linux应用开发与实例教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2007.7.
[47]乾正光,王田苗,魏洪兴. XScale PXA270在Linux下的FPGA设备驱动[J].现代电子技术, 2007, 17(6): 16-19.
[48]周剑波.基于FPGA和嵌入式Linux的网络视频采集处理系统研究[C].北京:北京科技大学硕士学位论文, 2007.
[49]华清远见嵌入式培训中心.嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解-基于ARM[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2006.9.
[50]孙琼.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2006.7.
[2] Hwee Tou Ng, Huey Ting Ang, Wee Meng Soon. DSO at TREC-8: a hybrid algorithm for the routing task[J]. Information Technology, Eighth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8) (NIST SP 500-246), 2000.
[3] Anon. DPO meets increased bandwidth demands. Electronic Product Design[J], v 22, n 7, July, 2001.
[4] Allan, Roger. DPOs Employ Intuitive Learning To Raise Productivity Bar[J]. Electroni Design, v 52, n 6, Mar 15, 2004.
[5] Chen Xiaomin,Shi Wenjun,Sheng Wen. Application of multithreading in virtual digital storage oscilloscope development. Control、Automation、Robotics and Vision Conference,IEEE Sensors Journal,2004,Volume 1,Page(s):504 - 508.
[6] Guo Shize,Zhang Yiqun, Sun Shenghe. The dynamic calibration of digital stora oscilloscopes in noise environments. Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings, IEEE, 2001, Vol 12,Page(s):520 - 522.
[7] Pan Guangbin. Research on the Optimizing Design of FPGA. ISTM, 2003.
[8] Ben Cohen. VHDL coding styles and methodologies[M]. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.
[9] Samsung Electronics Co.Ltd. S3C2410 32-Bit Risc Microprocessor User's Manual 1.2. 2003.
[10] Zhang YiLei. TFT-LCD driver of S3C2410 with ARM CPU core. Changchun Inst of Opt, Fine Mech& Phys, Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, v 20,n 1,Feb.2005, Page(s):61-66.
[11] Jin Wei, Chen Changling. Comparison of frequency measurement between time-domain and frequency-domain in DSO. Communications, Circuits and Systems Proceedings 2005 International Conference, Volume 2, May. 2005, Page(s):286 - 288 .
[12] Chen Xiaomin, Shi Wenjun, Sheng Wen. Application of multithreading in virtual digital storage oscilloscope development. Control、Automation、Robotics and Vision Conference,IEEE Sensors Journal, 2004.
[13] Brad Brannon. Aperture Uncertainty and ADC System Performance. Analog Device,Inc,2004.
[14] Brad Brannon. Sampled Systems and Effects of Clock Phase Noise and Jitter. Analog Device,Inc,2004.
[15] Kim Goldblatt. The 3.3V Configuration of Spartan-3FPGAs. Xilinx, Inc, 2005.
[16] Stephanie Tapp. Configuration Quick Start Guidelines. Xilinx, Inc, 2003.
[17] Mo Guan, Guangjie Han, Hai Zhao. The Embedded Internet Technology Based on RealTime Kernel for non-PC Devices. Sensing and Control,2004,11(1):343-344.
[18] Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati. Understanding the Linux Kernel. New York: O'Reilly, 2001.
[19] Alessandro Rubini, Jonathan Corbet. Linux Device Drivers, Second Edition. New York: O’Reilly, 2004.
[20] Richard M, SW lman. Using and Porting the GNU Compiler Collection For GCC Version 2.95. New York: the Free Software Foundation, 1998.
[21] Karim Yaghmour. Building Embedded Linux Systems. New York: O'Reilly, 2003.
[22] Klaus Wehrle, Frank Pahlke, Hartmut Ritter. The Linux Networking Architecture, Design and Implementation of Network Protocols in the Linux Kernel. New York: Prentice Hall, 2004.
[23] Robert Love. Linux Kernel Development, Second Edition. Indianapolis: Novell Press, 2005.
[24] Brad A Myers, Hudson, Pausch. Past、Present and Future of User Interaction. 2000, 7(1):3-28.
[25] Jasmin Blanchette, Mark Summerfield. C++ Gui Programming with Qt 3. New Jersey : Pearson Education, 2004.
[26]王刚.基于双CPU的数字存储示波器的设计与实现[C].南京:东南大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[27]赵存瑜. DSO程控功能的实现及其研究[C].成都:电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[28]俞露.基于ARM的嵌入式系统硬件设计[C].杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[29]李书鹏.基于ARM的仿生康复手嵌入式系统的硬件设计[C].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[30]邓颖,陈光禹.高速数字存储示波器的数字滤波器设计与实现[J].仪表技术, 2004, 16(6):16~19.
[31]夏永君.基于DSP的便携式数字测试设备设计[C].南京:南京航空航天大学硕士学位文, 2004.
[32]朱耀东,经亚枝.基于FPGA的LCD&VGA控制器设计[J].电子技术应用,2002, 10(12): 33~37.
[33]杜春雷. ARM体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[34]胥静.嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005.1.
[35]陈赜,秦贵和,徐华中等. ARM9嵌入式技术及Linux高级实践教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005.6.
[36]袁继敏. 60MHz数字存储示波器性能样机的研究与试制[C].成都:电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[37]郭献宏.数字示波器波形显示处理技术[J].测试技术与自动化, 2004, 16(7): 45-48.
[38]赵琪. 100MHz数字存储示波器软件设计-参数测量和人机交互功能的实现[C].成都:电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[39]段涛.基于ARM9和嵌入式Linux智能手机开发平台的研究[C].武汉:武汉理工大学硕士学位论文, 2007.
[40]易斌.基于Linux操作系统的数据采集模块的设计与实现[C].湖南:湖南大学硕士学位论文, 2007.
[41]刘珂君.嵌入式Linux及其设备驱动实现技术的研究[C].北京:北京邮电大学硕士学位论文, 2006.
[42]王丽洁.嵌入式Linux的图形界面技术研究与实现[C].长沙:国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文, 2006.
[43]张永.基于ARM9的嵌入式Linux开发平台构建与应用[C].天津:天津师范大学硕士学位论文, 2006.
[44]孙茂阳.基于嵌入式系统的驱动程序及图形显示技术研究[C].长沙:国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文, 2004.
[45]徐英惠,马忠梅,王磊等. ARM9嵌入式系统设计-基于S3C2410与Linux[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2007.9.
[46]林晓飞,刘彬,张辉.基于ARM嵌入式Linux应用开发与实例教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2007.7.
[47]乾正光,王田苗,魏洪兴. XScale PXA270在Linux下的FPGA设备驱动[J].现代电子技术, 2007, 17(6): 16-19.
[48]周剑波.基于FPGA和嵌入式Linux的网络视频采集处理系统研究[C].北京:北京科技大学硕士学位论文, 2007.
[49]华清远见嵌入式培训中心.嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解-基于ARM[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2006.9.
[50]孙琼.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2006.7.