中国旅游服务贸易竞争力的国际比较研究
|
摘要
世界旅游服务贸易在发展,中国的旅游服务贸易也在发展。学界对中国旅游服务贸易发展现实的认识不尽相同,有的甚至大相径庭。因此,认清中国旅游服务贸易的发展现实就有着十分重要的意义。本研究从竞争力的角度出发,对中国的旅游服务贸易进行认识。本研究选用了国际市场占有率指标、竞争优势指数、显示性比较优势指数、显示性竞争优势指数等4个经济分析工具/模型,通过国际比较研究,分析中国旅游服务贸易竞争力在国际上的地位,以期为学者们做进一步的相关研究提供些许较有说服力的基础性研究成果。为达到此目的,本研究从查阅相关文献开始,在了解了大量背景知识的基础上,对海量数据进行筛选,缩小研究范围,确定具体的比较研究对象——10年时间序列上的15个国家或地区经济体,然后分别利用国际市场占有率指标、竞争优势指数、显示性比较优势指数、显示性竞争优势指数等对其进行分析,进而对4个经济分析工具/模型的研究结果进行综合比较研究,结果表明中国的旅游服务贸易有一定的竞争力,但与其占有的国际市场份额并不完全匹配,需要进一步提升。研究最后提出了相关的几点建议。
Trade in services by travel develops in the world, as well as in China. Researchers have various opinions, some of which are quite different, on the development of China’s trade in services by travel. For this reason, it is very important to get to know the fact of the development of China’s trade in services by travel. This study is at an aspect of competitive power on China’s trade in services by travel. IMS, CI, CA and RCA, as well as comparison analysis, are used for analyzing the competitive power of China’s trade in services by travel, in order to give some persuasive information to support further studies by the researchers. With a lot of background knowledge through searching and reading a great number of papers with regard to this subject, numerous statistics are solved. Then 15 economies are chosen in time series of 10 years. And IMS, CI, CA and RCA are used for analyzing. Then for a further study, a comprehensive comparison analysis is taken with the results using the 4 economic analyzing tools/modules. The result of the analysis is that China has certain competitive power of trade in services by travel, but the competitive power doesn’t compare with the international market share that China gets, and China’s competitive power of trade in services by travel needs to be enhanced. Finally, the paper proposes some related suggestions in order to enhance China’s competitive power of trade in services by travel.
Trade in services by travel develops in the world, as well as in China. Researchers have various opinions, some of which are quite different, on the development of China’s trade in services by travel. For this reason, it is very important to get to know the fact of the development of China’s trade in services by travel. This study is at an aspect of competitive power on China’s trade in services by travel. IMS, CI, CA and RCA, as well as comparison analysis, are used for analyzing the competitive power of China’s trade in services by travel, in order to give some persuasive information to support further studies by the researchers. With a lot of background knowledge through searching and reading a great number of papers with regard to this subject, numerous statistics are solved. Then 15 economies are chosen in time series of 10 years. And IMS, CI, CA and RCA are used for analyzing. Then for a further study, a comprehensive comparison analysis is taken with the results using the 4 economic analyzing tools/modules. The result of the analysis is that China has certain competitive power of trade in services by travel, but the competitive power doesn’t compare with the international market share that China gets, and China’s competitive power of trade in services by travel needs to be enhanced. Finally, the paper proposes some related suggestions in order to enhance China’s competitive power of trade in services by travel.
引文
[1]戴学锋,巫宁.中国出境旅游高速增长的负面影响探悉[J].旅游学刊,2006,21,(2):41-45.
[2]张凌云,杨晨.从创汇优先到平衡收支:我国出境旅游发展战略的再认识——兼与戴学锋先生商榷[J].旅游学刊,2007,22(6):20-24.
[3]杨军.中国出境旅游“双高”格局与政策取向辨析——兼与戴学锋、巫宁同志商榷[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(6):65-68.
[4]马波,寇敏.中国出境旅游发展及其影响的初步研究[J].旅游学刊,2006,(7):24-28.
[5]赵书华、李辉.全球旅游服务贸易9强的国际竞争力的定量分析[J].世界经济,2005,(8):59-63.
[6]董小麟,庞小霞.我国旅游服务贸易竞争力的国际比较[J].国际贸易问题,2007,(3):78-83.
[7]杨森林.“乌拉圭回合”与发展中国家的旅游服务贸易[J].财经理论与实践,1993,(6):55-57.
[8]程南洋,杨红强,聂影.中国服务贸易出口结构变动的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2006,(8):115-120.
[9]赵景峰,陈策.中国服务贸易:总量和结构分析[J].世界经济,2006,(8):31-36.
[10]孙文博,汪婷.中国服务贸易及服务业的结构缺陷分析[J].宁波大学学报(人文科学版),2003,16(2):117-120.
[11] B. Hindley, A.Smith. Comparative Advantage and Trade in Services. The World Economy, 1984,7(4): 369-389.
[12] A. Deardorf. Comparative Advantage and International Trade and Investment in Services. In: Trade and Investment in services: Canada/US Perspectives. Toronto: Ontario Economic Council, 1985: 39-71.
[13] A. Sapir. Trade in Service: Policy Issues for the Eighties. Columbia Journal of World Bank, 1982: 79.
[14] A. Sapir. Trade in investment-related technological services. World Development, 1986: 605-622.
[15] R. J. Langhammer. North-South trade in services: some empirical evidence. In: H. Giersch(ed). Tbingen: Services in World Economics Growth, 1989: 211-322.
[16] B. Hoekman, G. Karsenty. Economic development and international transaction in service. Development policy review, 1992, (10): 211-236.
[17] A. Spair. North-South in Trade Services. The World Economy, 1985, 8(1): 27-42.
[18] D. F. Burgess. Service as Intermediate Goods: the Issue of Trade Liberalization in the Political Economy of International Trade. Basil Blackwell, 1990: 122-139.
[19] B. Hoekman, C. A. Primao. Protection and trade in services: a survey. Open EconomicReview, 1997, 8(3):285-308.
[20] Rubalcaba, Luis, Gago, David. Relationship between Services and Competitiveness: the Case of Spanish Trade. Service Industries Journa1, 2001, 21(1): 34-61.
[21] Hardwick, Philip, Dou, Wen. The Competitiveness of EU Insurance Industries. Service Industries Journal, 1998, 18(1): 39-53.
[22] Windrum, Paul, Tomlinson, Mark. Knowledge-intensive Service and International Competitiveness: A Four Country Comparison. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 1999, 11(3): 391-408.
[23] Anton Meyer, Richard Chase, Aleda Roth, Chins Voss, Klaus-Ulrich Sperl, Lany Menor, Kate Blackmon. Service Competitiveness-An International Benchmarking Comparison of Service Practice and Performance in Germany, UK and USA. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 1999, 10(4): 369-379.
[24] Hassan salah s.: determinant of market competitiveness in an environmentally sustainable development, journal of travel research, 2000, 38.
[25] Littlejohn David and Watson Sandra: developing graduate managers for hospitality and tourism, international journal of contemporary hospitality management, 2004, 16(7).
[26] Dwyer Larry, Forsyth Peter and Rao Prasada: destination price competitiveness: exchange rate changes versus domestic inflation, journal of travel research, 2002, 40(3).
[27] Yooshik Yoon: Development of a Structural Model for Tourism Destination Competitiveness from Stakeholders' Perspectives, Blackburg, Virginia, Usa, 2002.
[28] Huybers twan and Bennett jeff: inter-firm cooperation at nature-based tourism destinations, journal of socio-economics, 2003, 32(5).
[29]梁琦.加速发展我国的国际旅游服务贸易[J]国际贸易问题,1997,(11).
[30]张汉林、樊莹.景美更须服务好一一服务贸易总协定与中国旅游服务贸易发展[J].国际贸易,1997,(2).
[31]林海英.关于加速发展我国国际旅游服务贸易的研究[J].河南教育学院学报.2000,(3).
[32]刘华.GATS与我国旅游服务贸易的进一步自由化[J].国际经贸探索,2001,(3).
[33]田喜洲.入世背景下的中国国际旅游服务贸易[J].旅游时空,2003,(3).
[34]刘维瑛,宋涛.关于我国旅游服务贸易竞争力的思考[J].山西经济管理学院学报,2005,(3).
[35]李彦勇,郭昌欣.我国国际旅游服务贸易竞争力的国际比较[J].云南财经学学报,2006,21(2):31-33.
[36]高静,梁昭.我国国际旅游服务贸易的竞争力分析[J].国际贸易,2006,(9).
[37]汪尧田,周汉民.关税和贸易总协定[M].北京:中国对外贸易出版社,1992.
[38]薛荣久,国际贸易[M].四川:四川人民出版社,1993.
[39]陈宪,国际服务贸易[M].上海:立信会计出版社,1995.
[40]杨圣明,服务贸易——中国与世界[M].北京:民主与建设出版社,1999.
[41]张红茹.我国国际旅游服务贸易竞争力研究[D].西安:西北大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[42]李璐.我国旅游服务贸易竞争力研究[D].长沙:湖南大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[43] Markusen. International Productivity and Competitiveness, edited by Bert G. Hickman, New York. Oxford, 1992: 8.
[44] Abbas, How to Manage for International Competitiveness, International Business Press, New York, 1992: 130.
[45] Balassa B. Trade Liberation and Revealed Comparative Advantage, The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 1976, 33: 92-123.
[46] Peterson J. and Barras R., Measuring International Competitiveness in Services, Service Industries Journal, 1987, 7: 131-142.
[47] Peterson J, Export Share and Revealed Comparative Advantage: A Study of International Travel, Applied Economics, 1988, 20: 351-365.
[48] Vollrath, Thomas L. and De Huu Vo. Investigating the Nature of World Agricultural Competitiveness, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Technical Bulletin No.1974(December), 1988.
[49]査贵勇.中韩日服务贸易国际竞争力比较研究[D].上海:华东师范大学博士学位论文,2007.
[50]王岩.浅析中国旅游贸易的发展[D].长春:吉林大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[51]庞小霞.我国旅游服务贸易竞争力研究[D].广州:广东外语外贸大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[52]万绪才,李刚,张安.区域旅游业国际竞争力定量评价理论与实践研究.经济地理,2001,15(3):355-358.
[53]钟梨.中国旅游服务贸易竞争力分析和对策研究[D].南京:江苏大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[2]张凌云,杨晨.从创汇优先到平衡收支:我国出境旅游发展战略的再认识——兼与戴学锋先生商榷[J].旅游学刊,2007,22(6):20-24.
[3]杨军.中国出境旅游“双高”格局与政策取向辨析——兼与戴学锋、巫宁同志商榷[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(6):65-68.
[4]马波,寇敏.中国出境旅游发展及其影响的初步研究[J].旅游学刊,2006,(7):24-28.
[5]赵书华、李辉.全球旅游服务贸易9强的国际竞争力的定量分析[J].世界经济,2005,(8):59-63.
[6]董小麟,庞小霞.我国旅游服务贸易竞争力的国际比较[J].国际贸易问题,2007,(3):78-83.
[7]杨森林.“乌拉圭回合”与发展中国家的旅游服务贸易[J].财经理论与实践,1993,(6):55-57.
[8]程南洋,杨红强,聂影.中国服务贸易出口结构变动的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2006,(8):115-120.
[9]赵景峰,陈策.中国服务贸易:总量和结构分析[J].世界经济,2006,(8):31-36.
[10]孙文博,汪婷.中国服务贸易及服务业的结构缺陷分析[J].宁波大学学报(人文科学版),2003,16(2):117-120.
[11] B. Hindley, A.Smith. Comparative Advantage and Trade in Services. The World Economy, 1984,7(4): 369-389.
[12] A. Deardorf. Comparative Advantage and International Trade and Investment in Services. In: Trade and Investment in services: Canada/US Perspectives. Toronto: Ontario Economic Council, 1985: 39-71.
[13] A. Sapir. Trade in Service: Policy Issues for the Eighties. Columbia Journal of World Bank, 1982: 79.
[14] A. Sapir. Trade in investment-related technological services. World Development, 1986: 605-622.
[15] R. J. Langhammer. North-South trade in services: some empirical evidence. In: H. Giersch(ed). Tbingen: Services in World Economics Growth, 1989: 211-322.
[16] B. Hoekman, G. Karsenty. Economic development and international transaction in service. Development policy review, 1992, (10): 211-236.
[17] A. Spair. North-South in Trade Services. The World Economy, 1985, 8(1): 27-42.
[18] D. F. Burgess. Service as Intermediate Goods: the Issue of Trade Liberalization in the Political Economy of International Trade. Basil Blackwell, 1990: 122-139.
[19] B. Hoekman, C. A. Primao. Protection and trade in services: a survey. Open EconomicReview, 1997, 8(3):285-308.
[20] Rubalcaba, Luis, Gago, David. Relationship between Services and Competitiveness: the Case of Spanish Trade. Service Industries Journa1, 2001, 21(1): 34-61.
[21] Hardwick, Philip, Dou, Wen. The Competitiveness of EU Insurance Industries. Service Industries Journal, 1998, 18(1): 39-53.
[22] Windrum, Paul, Tomlinson, Mark. Knowledge-intensive Service and International Competitiveness: A Four Country Comparison. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 1999, 11(3): 391-408.
[23] Anton Meyer, Richard Chase, Aleda Roth, Chins Voss, Klaus-Ulrich Sperl, Lany Menor, Kate Blackmon. Service Competitiveness-An International Benchmarking Comparison of Service Practice and Performance in Germany, UK and USA. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 1999, 10(4): 369-379.
[24] Hassan salah s.: determinant of market competitiveness in an environmentally sustainable development, journal of travel research, 2000, 38.
[25] Littlejohn David and Watson Sandra: developing graduate managers for hospitality and tourism, international journal of contemporary hospitality management, 2004, 16(7).
[26] Dwyer Larry, Forsyth Peter and Rao Prasada: destination price competitiveness: exchange rate changes versus domestic inflation, journal of travel research, 2002, 40(3).
[27] Yooshik Yoon: Development of a Structural Model for Tourism Destination Competitiveness from Stakeholders' Perspectives, Blackburg, Virginia, Usa, 2002.
[28] Huybers twan and Bennett jeff: inter-firm cooperation at nature-based tourism destinations, journal of socio-economics, 2003, 32(5).
[29]梁琦.加速发展我国的国际旅游服务贸易[J]国际贸易问题,1997,(11).
[30]张汉林、樊莹.景美更须服务好一一服务贸易总协定与中国旅游服务贸易发展[J].国际贸易,1997,(2).
[31]林海英.关于加速发展我国国际旅游服务贸易的研究[J].河南教育学院学报.2000,(3).
[32]刘华.GATS与我国旅游服务贸易的进一步自由化[J].国际经贸探索,2001,(3).
[33]田喜洲.入世背景下的中国国际旅游服务贸易[J].旅游时空,2003,(3).
[34]刘维瑛,宋涛.关于我国旅游服务贸易竞争力的思考[J].山西经济管理学院学报,2005,(3).
[35]李彦勇,郭昌欣.我国国际旅游服务贸易竞争力的国际比较[J].云南财经学学报,2006,21(2):31-33.
[36]高静,梁昭.我国国际旅游服务贸易的竞争力分析[J].国际贸易,2006,(9).
[37]汪尧田,周汉民.关税和贸易总协定[M].北京:中国对外贸易出版社,1992.
[38]薛荣久,国际贸易[M].四川:四川人民出版社,1993.
[39]陈宪,国际服务贸易[M].上海:立信会计出版社,1995.
[40]杨圣明,服务贸易——中国与世界[M].北京:民主与建设出版社,1999.
[41]张红茹.我国国际旅游服务贸易竞争力研究[D].西安:西北大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[42]李璐.我国旅游服务贸易竞争力研究[D].长沙:湖南大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[43] Markusen. International Productivity and Competitiveness, edited by Bert G. Hickman, New York. Oxford, 1992: 8.
[44] Abbas, How to Manage for International Competitiveness, International Business Press, New York, 1992: 130.
[45] Balassa B. Trade Liberation and Revealed Comparative Advantage, The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 1976, 33: 92-123.
[46] Peterson J. and Barras R., Measuring International Competitiveness in Services, Service Industries Journal, 1987, 7: 131-142.
[47] Peterson J, Export Share and Revealed Comparative Advantage: A Study of International Travel, Applied Economics, 1988, 20: 351-365.
[48] Vollrath, Thomas L. and De Huu Vo. Investigating the Nature of World Agricultural Competitiveness, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Technical Bulletin No.1974(December), 1988.
[49]査贵勇.中韩日服务贸易国际竞争力比较研究[D].上海:华东师范大学博士学位论文,2007.
[50]王岩.浅析中国旅游贸易的发展[D].长春:吉林大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[51]庞小霞.我国旅游服务贸易竞争力研究[D].广州:广东外语外贸大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[52]万绪才,李刚,张安.区域旅游业国际竞争力定量评价理论与实践研究.经济地理,2001,15(3):355-358.
[53]钟梨.中国旅游服务贸易竞争力分析和对策研究[D].南京:江苏大学硕士学位论文,2007.