棕色棉纤维色素积累及遗传规律的研究
摘要
棕色棉与白色棉相比,存在纤维色泽不稳定,易分解,色素沉积不规律等不足。因此,了解棕色素化学本质、合成机理及色素的遗传规律,是棕色棉育种的重要基础。本实验以棕色棉不同时期的棉铃和成熟纤维为研究对象,分析棕色素在棉纤维发育过程中的积累动态以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶和抗氧化酶的活性变化;同时,定量测定纤维色素含量分析棕色棉色素的遗传规律,旨在明确色素合成途径,为选择合适的育种方法提供一定的理论依据。主要研究结果如下:
(1)中棕ANL-1的色素在纤维各部位的分布特性反映了棕色素在棉纤维上积累与分布规律。纤维各部位棕色素含量大小依次是:近种皮端0mm~5mm处>较远种皮端10mm~15mm>较近种皮端5mm~10mm处>远种皮端15mm~20mm处。棕色棉纤维近种皮端的色素含量普遍高于纤维的较近、较远和远种皮端部位,进一步证明棕色素是由种皮向纤维运输和扩散。
(2)纤维伸长期(花后0天~25天),棕色棉和白色棉种皮颜色无明显变化;次生壁沉积期(花后25天~45天),种皮颜色显著加深。棉铃发育期棕色棉纤维色泽随着时间变化而逐渐变深,次生壁沉积后期(花后35天~45天),棕色棉纤维颜色加深明显。
(3)棉铃发育期,深棕ANL-1和泗棉3号种皮中有表没食子儿茶素、儿茶素、表儿茶素,纤维中有没食子儿茶素和儿茶素。缩合单宁、总酚、总黄酮、儿茶素等色素合成前体的总体变化表明:纤维伸长期(花后0天~25天),棕色棉种皮与纤维中色素前体不断合成与积累,并在次生壁沉积期(花后25天~45天)被逐渐消耗,形成棕色素在纤维中的沉积。
(4)苯丙氨酸解氨酶和过氧化物酶对棕色棉纤维色泽具有一定的影响。棕色棉种皮与纤维中苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性分别在花后35天~42天和花后21天~28天上升,与棕色素前体合成有关。在纤维发育的次生壁沉积后期(花后35天~45天),过氧化物酶可能通过对色素前体酚类物质氧化的保护抑制,参与并影响棕色素的合成。多酚氧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶及过氧化氢酶对棕色棉色泽影响不大。
(5)深棕ANL-1与泗棉3号杂交F2代纤维色素的遗传分离比例符合1:2:1,广义遗传率为73%。棕色棉纤维色泽的遗传方式仍属于单基因控制不完全显性遗传。绒长、单铃重、衣分是棕色棉纤维色素遗传过程中三个重要性状。控制绒长的基因与色素基因可能是位于同一染色体上的非等位基因,纤维色素和绒长存在不完全连锁遗传。
Compared with the white cotton, brown colored cotton has the disadvantage of distability, decomposition and irregulation of pigment accumulation. Therefore, studies on chemical nature, synthesis mechanism and inheritance law of the pigment in brown colored cotton are important basis for brown colored cotton breeding. Cotton bolls from different development stages and mature fiber of brown colored cotton were used as materials in the experiment, and the pigment accumulation also with the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase and antioxidases during the development were analyzed, and inheritance law of the pigment was studied by quantitative determination of the pigment, so as to clear the synthesis path of the pigment, and provide therotical basis for proper breeding methods of brown colored cotton. The main results were as follows:
(1) The distribution of the pigment in each part of the fiber of middle-brown ANL-1 revealed the the accumulation and distribution law of the pigment in the fiber of brown colored cotton, and the content of the pigment in each part of the fiber was: the proximal part to the seed capsule(0mm~5mm)>the remote part from the seed capsule(10mm~15mm)>the part close to the seed capsule(5mm~10mm)>the end part of the fiber(15mm~20mm). The content of the pigment in the proximal part to the seed capsule was higher than other parts of the fiber, which can provide the basis for the conclusion that the pigment transported and diffused from the seed capsule to the fiber.
(2) The color of the seed capsule of brown colored cotton and white cotton had no apparent changes during the period of the fiber elongation(0~25DPA), and the color of the seed capsule darkened apparently during the secondary cell wall thickening period(25~45DPA).The color of the fiber of brown colored cotton darkened along with the time during the development, which darkened obviously during the secondary cell wall thickening period(35~45DPA).
(3) The HPLC qualitative determination results showed that: Catechin monomers in the seed capsule of dark-brown ANL-1 and simiansanhao during the development were epigallocatechin, and epicatechin, and catechin monomers in the fiber of dark-brown ANL-1 and simiansanhao during the development were gallocatechin and catechin. The general change of the content of flavonoids, condensed tannin, all phenol and catechin during the development revealed that: During the period of the fiber elongation (0~25DPA), the precursor of pigment synthesized and accumulated both in the seed capsule and the fiber, and exhausted during the secondary cell wall thickening period(25~45DPA).
(4) Phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase had some influence on the color of the brown colore cotton. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase both in the seed capsule and the fiber of brown colored cotton increased during the 35~42DPA and 21~28DPA, which related to the synthesis of the pigment precursor. During the secondary cell wall thickening period(35~45DPA), peroxidase might participate in the synthesis of the pigment through inhibition of the oxidation of phenols. The influence of polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalyse on the color of brown colored cotton were small.
(5) The proportion of genetic separation of the pigment in filial generation 2 crossed by dark-brown ANL-1 and simiansanhao was 1:2:1, and the heritability in broad sense was 73℅. The genetic approach of the color of brown colored cotton fiber was incomplete dominant inheritance. The length of fiber, single boll weight and lint percentage were three important traits in the inheritance of the pigment of brown colored cotton fiber. The trait of fiber length locus and the trait of color locus might be non-allelic located in the same chromosome, which were incomplete genetic linkage.
(1)中棕ANL-1的色素在纤维各部位的分布特性反映了棕色素在棉纤维上积累与分布规律。纤维各部位棕色素含量大小依次是:近种皮端0mm~5mm处>较远种皮端10mm~15mm>较近种皮端5mm~10mm处>远种皮端15mm~20mm处。棕色棉纤维近种皮端的色素含量普遍高于纤维的较近、较远和远种皮端部位,进一步证明棕色素是由种皮向纤维运输和扩散。
(2)纤维伸长期(花后0天~25天),棕色棉和白色棉种皮颜色无明显变化;次生壁沉积期(花后25天~45天),种皮颜色显著加深。棉铃发育期棕色棉纤维色泽随着时间变化而逐渐变深,次生壁沉积后期(花后35天~45天),棕色棉纤维颜色加深明显。
(3)棉铃发育期,深棕ANL-1和泗棉3号种皮中有表没食子儿茶素、儿茶素、表儿茶素,纤维中有没食子儿茶素和儿茶素。缩合单宁、总酚、总黄酮、儿茶素等色素合成前体的总体变化表明:纤维伸长期(花后0天~25天),棕色棉种皮与纤维中色素前体不断合成与积累,并在次生壁沉积期(花后25天~45天)被逐渐消耗,形成棕色素在纤维中的沉积。
(4)苯丙氨酸解氨酶和过氧化物酶对棕色棉纤维色泽具有一定的影响。棕色棉种皮与纤维中苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性分别在花后35天~42天和花后21天~28天上升,与棕色素前体合成有关。在纤维发育的次生壁沉积后期(花后35天~45天),过氧化物酶可能通过对色素前体酚类物质氧化的保护抑制,参与并影响棕色素的合成。多酚氧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶及过氧化氢酶对棕色棉色泽影响不大。
(5)深棕ANL-1与泗棉3号杂交F2代纤维色素的遗传分离比例符合1:2:1,广义遗传率为73%。棕色棉纤维色泽的遗传方式仍属于单基因控制不完全显性遗传。绒长、单铃重、衣分是棕色棉纤维色素遗传过程中三个重要性状。控制绒长的基因与色素基因可能是位于同一染色体上的非等位基因,纤维色素和绒长存在不完全连锁遗传。
Compared with the white cotton, brown colored cotton has the disadvantage of distability, decomposition and irregulation of pigment accumulation. Therefore, studies on chemical nature, synthesis mechanism and inheritance law of the pigment in brown colored cotton are important basis for brown colored cotton breeding. Cotton bolls from different development stages and mature fiber of brown colored cotton were used as materials in the experiment, and the pigment accumulation also with the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase and antioxidases during the development were analyzed, and inheritance law of the pigment was studied by quantitative determination of the pigment, so as to clear the synthesis path of the pigment, and provide therotical basis for proper breeding methods of brown colored cotton. The main results were as follows:
(1) The distribution of the pigment in each part of the fiber of middle-brown ANL-1 revealed the the accumulation and distribution law of the pigment in the fiber of brown colored cotton, and the content of the pigment in each part of the fiber was: the proximal part to the seed capsule(0mm~5mm)>the remote part from the seed capsule(10mm~15mm)>the part close to the seed capsule(5mm~10mm)>the end part of the fiber(15mm~20mm). The content of the pigment in the proximal part to the seed capsule was higher than other parts of the fiber, which can provide the basis for the conclusion that the pigment transported and diffused from the seed capsule to the fiber.
(2) The color of the seed capsule of brown colored cotton and white cotton had no apparent changes during the period of the fiber elongation(0~25DPA), and the color of the seed capsule darkened apparently during the secondary cell wall thickening period(25~45DPA).The color of the fiber of brown colored cotton darkened along with the time during the development, which darkened obviously during the secondary cell wall thickening period(35~45DPA).
(3) The HPLC qualitative determination results showed that: Catechin monomers in the seed capsule of dark-brown ANL-1 and simiansanhao during the development were epigallocatechin, and epicatechin, and catechin monomers in the fiber of dark-brown ANL-1 and simiansanhao during the development were gallocatechin and catechin. The general change of the content of flavonoids, condensed tannin, all phenol and catechin during the development revealed that: During the period of the fiber elongation (0~25DPA), the precursor of pigment synthesized and accumulated both in the seed capsule and the fiber, and exhausted during the secondary cell wall thickening period(25~45DPA).
(4) Phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase had some influence on the color of the brown colore cotton. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase both in the seed capsule and the fiber of brown colored cotton increased during the 35~42DPA and 21~28DPA, which related to the synthesis of the pigment precursor. During the secondary cell wall thickening period(35~45DPA), peroxidase might participate in the synthesis of the pigment through inhibition of the oxidation of phenols. The influence of polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalyse on the color of brown colored cotton were small.
(5) The proportion of genetic separation of the pigment in filial generation 2 crossed by dark-brown ANL-1 and simiansanhao was 1:2:1, and the heritability in broad sense was 73℅. The genetic approach of the color of brown colored cotton fiber was incomplete dominant inheritance. The length of fiber, single boll weight and lint percentage were three important traits in the inheritance of the pigment of brown colored cotton fiber. The trait of fiber length locus and the trait of color locus might be non-allelic located in the same chromosome, which were incomplete genetic linkage.
引文
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