自平衡电子电力变压器试验系统的研制
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摘要
自平衡电子电力变压器(Auto-balancing Electronic Power Transformer,A-EPT)是一种具有自平衡能力的电子电力变压器,它通过电力电子变换实现电力系统中的电压变换和能量传递。与传统的电力变压器相比,其突出优点是可以灵活调整输入电流、输出电压以及输入功率因数。与一般电子电力变压器(Electronic Power Transformer,EPT)相比,它可以在原副方任何一侧发生电压或电流不平衡时,能够保持另一侧电压电流平衡。EPT应用于电力系统后将会改善电力电能质量,提高系统的稳定性,还可以整合各种交直流分布式电源,实现灵活的输电方式。因此EPT的研究对于建设绿色电网,数字电网具有重要的意义。
本文主要研究的是自平衡电子电力变压器试验系统的研制。首先概括了EPT的发展及现状,分析了几种具有代表性的EPT实现方案,然后分析了A-EPT的基本结构及工作原理,并研究了本试验系统所采用的控制策略。在此基础上,设计了本试验系统的硬件结构,包括主电路结构以及控制电路结构,对电路元件参数的选择进行了理论计算。最后介绍了为本试验系统所编写的基于TI公司的DSP2812控制程序流程。试验结果表明,本A-EPT试验系统不仅具有普通EPT的功能,还具有当负载不平衡时能保持输入侧电流平衡的能力。
论文最后,提出了一种线电压级联的多电平变换器结构,详述了其工作原理,并通过Matlab仿真,验证了这种变换器具有提升电压等级、提高等效开关频率的功能,能直接应用于三相系统。最后通过一个3模块级联的线电压逆变试验验证了这种结构的可行性。
Auto-balanceing Electronic Power Transformer (A-EPT) is a type of Electronic Power Transformer (EPT) with the ability of Auto-balancing, which aims at the voltage regulation and power transmission of power net. Compared with the traditiational transformer, one of its significant advantage is that the current of the primary side, the voltage of the second side and the power factor can be flexibly controlled, and with the normal Electronic Power Transformer, it has the ability of keeping system auto-balancing: whatever the primary side or the second side is not balance, it can keep another side balance. EPT can not only promote the power quality, immprove the system stability, but also conform a variety of distributed power resources, achieving flexible power transmission. So, the researches on EPT (A-EPT) are significant for the Green & Ditial Grid construction.
In this paper, the main point is the research on A-EPT experimental system. First, the paper summarys the development and current state and some representative structure of EPT, then presents the basic theory and topology of A-EPT, and also the control strategy of the experimental system in this paper. Basing on the former contents, the hardware of system is proposed in detail, including the main circuit and the control circuit topology, the parmater of component elements is caculated in theory either. Then the software running in DSP2812 is shown in program flow. The experimental results show that, the A-EPT tester system not only has the ability of EPT, but also the ability of auto-balancing.
Based on the theory of cells cascaded multilevel converter, the structure of a three phase line voltage cascaded multilevel converter and its control strategy are proposed in the end of this paper. Simulation results show that such topological structure can increase the output voltage class and decrease the THD. Such cascaded structure can be used as either dc-to-ac converter or ac-to-dc inverter directly in three-phase system without transformers. Experimental results of dc-ac of 3-module demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed converter topology.
本文主要研究的是自平衡电子电力变压器试验系统的研制。首先概括了EPT的发展及现状,分析了几种具有代表性的EPT实现方案,然后分析了A-EPT的基本结构及工作原理,并研究了本试验系统所采用的控制策略。在此基础上,设计了本试验系统的硬件结构,包括主电路结构以及控制电路结构,对电路元件参数的选择进行了理论计算。最后介绍了为本试验系统所编写的基于TI公司的DSP2812控制程序流程。试验结果表明,本A-EPT试验系统不仅具有普通EPT的功能,还具有当负载不平衡时能保持输入侧电流平衡的能力。
论文最后,提出了一种线电压级联的多电平变换器结构,详述了其工作原理,并通过Matlab仿真,验证了这种变换器具有提升电压等级、提高等效开关频率的功能,能直接应用于三相系统。最后通过一个3模块级联的线电压逆变试验验证了这种结构的可行性。
Auto-balanceing Electronic Power Transformer (A-EPT) is a type of Electronic Power Transformer (EPT) with the ability of Auto-balancing, which aims at the voltage regulation and power transmission of power net. Compared with the traditiational transformer, one of its significant advantage is that the current of the primary side, the voltage of the second side and the power factor can be flexibly controlled, and with the normal Electronic Power Transformer, it has the ability of keeping system auto-balancing: whatever the primary side or the second side is not balance, it can keep another side balance. EPT can not only promote the power quality, immprove the system stability, but also conform a variety of distributed power resources, achieving flexible power transmission. So, the researches on EPT (A-EPT) are significant for the Green & Ditial Grid construction.
In this paper, the main point is the research on A-EPT experimental system. First, the paper summarys the development and current state and some representative structure of EPT, then presents the basic theory and topology of A-EPT, and also the control strategy of the experimental system in this paper. Basing on the former contents, the hardware of system is proposed in detail, including the main circuit and the control circuit topology, the parmater of component elements is caculated in theory either. Then the software running in DSP2812 is shown in program flow. The experimental results show that, the A-EPT tester system not only has the ability of EPT, but also the ability of auto-balancing.
Based on the theory of cells cascaded multilevel converter, the structure of a three phase line voltage cascaded multilevel converter and its control strategy are proposed in the end of this paper. Simulation results show that such topological structure can increase the output voltage class and decrease the THD. Such cascaded structure can be used as either dc-to-ac converter or ac-to-dc inverter directly in three-phase system without transformers. Experimental results of dc-ac of 3-module demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed converter topology.
引文
[1]蒋平,赵剑锋,唐国庆.电能质量问题及其治理方法[J].江苏电机工程,2003,22(1):16-19.
[2]陈寿孙.电力电子技术与电网谐波污染.电子科技导报,1995 ,12(6):23-25.
[3]陈建业,赵广.电力电子技术在配电网中的应用.国际电力,2001,01(6):28-32.
[4]朱成章.世界能源的未来[J].中国电力,2003,9.
[5]丁明,王敏.分布式发电技术[J].电力系统自动化设备,2004,24(7):31-37.
[6] EPRI Report.Proof of the principle of the solid-state transformer the AC/AC switch mode regulator [R] EPRI TR-105067,Research Project 8001-13,Final Report,August 1995.
[7] Nikola Tesla.System of electrical distribution [P].US Patent #381970,1888.
[8]毛承雄,范澍,王丹,方华亮,黄贻煜.电力电子变压器的理论及其应用(Ⅰ).高电压技术,2003,29(10): 4~6.
[9]毛承雄,范澍,陆继明,黄贻煜.电力电子变压器的理论及其应用(Ⅱ).高电压技术,2003,29(12):1~3.
[10]赵剑峰.输出电压恒定的电力电子变压器仿真.电力系统自动化,2003,0327 (18):30 ~ 33.
[11] Brooks J L.Solid state transformer concept development[R].Naval Material Command,Civil Engineering laboratory,naval Construction Battalion Ctr.,Port Hueneme,CA,1980.
[12] Harada K,Anan F,Yamasaki K,et al.Intelligent Transformer.Conf.Rec.of IEEE PESC,1996,1337-1341.
[13] K. Harada, H. Sakamoto, and M. Syoyama. Phase-controlled DC-AC converter with high-frequency switching. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 1988, 3(4): 406- 411.
[14] K. Harada, F. Anan, K. Yamasaki, M. Jinno, Y. kawata, T. Nakashima, K. Mutata, and H. Sakamoto. Intelligent transformer. in Conf. Rec. of IEEE PESC, 1996,1337-1341.
[15] M. Kang, P.N. Enjeti and I.J. Pitel. Analysis and design of electronic transformers for electric power distribution system. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 1999, 14(6):1133~1141.
[16] M. Kang. Analysis and design of electronic transformers for electric power distribution and utility interface of power electronic systems. TEXAS A&M University, 2000.
[17] Manjrekar M D, kieferndorf R, Venkataramanan G, Power Electronic Transformers for Utility Applications. Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE-IAS Annual Meeting 2000, 4: 2496-2502.
[18] E.R. Ronan, S.D. Sudhoff, S.F. Glover, D.L. Galloway. Application of power electronics to the distribution transformer. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2000. APEC 2000. Fifteenth Annual IEEE, 2000, Vol.2: 861~867.
[19] E.R. Ronan. Application of power electronics to the distribution transformer. University of Missouri– Rolla, 2000.
[20] W. McMurray.Power converter circuits having a high-frequency ling [P].U.S. Patent 3517300,June 23,1970.
[21] Fan shu, Mao Chengxiong, Lu Jiming, Chen Luonan. Stability control strategy of power system based on PET, The 4th International Conference on Power Transmission & distribution technology, 2003, Changsha, China, Conference Proceedings, 564-569.
[22]王丹,毛承雄,陆继明.电子电力变压器的并联运行[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(16):66-72.
[23]成建鹏,毛承雄,范澍,王丹.电子电力变压器原理和仿真研究[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(12):23-27.
[24]王丹,毛承雄,陆继明,范澍.基于电子电力变压器的电能质量调节方法[J].高电压技术,2005,31(8):63-67.
[25]崔艳艳,毛承雄,陆继明,王丹.基于电子电力变压器的配电网电压无功综合优化控制[J].继电器,2006,34(6):24-30.
[26]王丹,毛承雄,陆继明,范澍,曹解围.配电系统电子电力变压器不对称仿真[J].中国电力,2005,38(11):21-27.
[27]曹解围,毛承雄,陆继明,王丹.配电系统电子电力变压器的IGBT缓冲电路设计[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2005,17(6):71-75.
[28] Zbugbuew Wolanski, Boon Teck Ooi. Conceptual study of a Shunt Power Quality Compensator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1996, (11): 1059-1064.
[29] Brumsickle W E, Schneider R S, Luckjiff G A, Divan D M, Mc Granaghan, M F, Dynamic Sag Correctors: Cost-Effective Industrial Power Line Conditioning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Jan/Feb, 2001, (371): 212-217.
[30]潘诗峰,赵剑锋.电力电子变压器及其发展综述[J].江苏电机工程,2003,22(6):52-55.
[31]林海雪.电力系统的三相不平衡[M].北京,中国电力出版社,1998.
[32]曹解围.电子电力变压器及其在输电系统中的应用[D].武汉,华中科技大学,2005.
[33]黄贻煜.电子电力变压器研究[D].武汉,华中科技大学,2004.
[34]王丹.配电系统电子电力变压器[D].武汉,华中科技大学,2006.
[35]吴洪洋,何湘宁.级联多电平变换器PWM控制方法的仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(8):42-46.
[36]方华亮.配电系统电力电子变压器的研究[D].武汉,华中科技大学,2003.
[37] Huh, D.Y, Sung, H. Comparative study of electronic transformers using resonant and nonresonant switching converters. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1992. PESC 92 Record., 23rd Annual IEEE, 29 Jun-3 Jul 1992: 1433-1440.
[38]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京,机械工业出版社,2002:154-186.
[39] Ooi B T, Salmon J C, Dixon J W, Kulkarni A B. A three phase controlled current PWM converter with leading power factor. IEEE Trans Ind Appl, 1987, IA23:78-84.
[40]张加胜.滞环控制交流器的开关频率研究.电工电能新技术,1998(1):54-57.
[41] Wu R, Dewan S B, Slemon G B. A PWM AC-to-DC converter with fixed switching frequency. IEEE Trans Ind Appl, 1990, 8:30-36.
[42]张卫宁.TMS320C28x系列DSP的CPU外设(上)(下)[M].清华大学出版社,2004.
[43] Ti. TMS320C28x System Control and Interrupts Peripheral ReferenceGuide[G].2002
[44]王毅,李和明,石新春,等.多电平PWM逆变电路谐波分析与输出滤波器设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(10):78-83.
[45]赵振波,李和明.单位功率因数PWM整流器双闭环PI调节器设计[J].电工技术杂志,2003,第5期.
[46]李锡雄,陈婉儿.脉冲调制技术[M].武汉,华中理工大学出版社,1996.
[47] Bakari Mwinyiwiwa, Zbingniew Wolanski, Boon Tech ooi. Microprocessor implemented SPWM for multiconverters with phase-shift triangle carriers. Porceedings of IEEE-IAS 1997 Annual Meering, 1542-1549.
[48]吴洪洋,何湘宁.级联多电平变换器PWM控制方法的仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(8):42-46.
[49]薄保中,刘卫国,罗兵.单元串联多电平逆变器PWM方法比较研究[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(2):84-87.
[50]常东旭.轻型直流输电控制技术及其实现[D].武汉,华中科技大学,2006.
[2]陈寿孙.电力电子技术与电网谐波污染.电子科技导报,1995 ,12(6):23-25.
[3]陈建业,赵广.电力电子技术在配电网中的应用.国际电力,2001,01(6):28-32.
[4]朱成章.世界能源的未来[J].中国电力,2003,9.
[5]丁明,王敏.分布式发电技术[J].电力系统自动化设备,2004,24(7):31-37.
[6] EPRI Report.Proof of the principle of the solid-state transformer the AC/AC switch mode regulator [R] EPRI TR-105067,Research Project 8001-13,Final Report,August 1995.
[7] Nikola Tesla.System of electrical distribution [P].US Patent #381970,1888.
[8]毛承雄,范澍,王丹,方华亮,黄贻煜.电力电子变压器的理论及其应用(Ⅰ).高电压技术,2003,29(10): 4~6.
[9]毛承雄,范澍,陆继明,黄贻煜.电力电子变压器的理论及其应用(Ⅱ).高电压技术,2003,29(12):1~3.
[10]赵剑峰.输出电压恒定的电力电子变压器仿真.电力系统自动化,2003,0327 (18):30 ~ 33.
[11] Brooks J L.Solid state transformer concept development[R].Naval Material Command,Civil Engineering laboratory,naval Construction Battalion Ctr.,Port Hueneme,CA,1980.
[12] Harada K,Anan F,Yamasaki K,et al.Intelligent Transformer.Conf.Rec.of IEEE PESC,1996,1337-1341.
[13] K. Harada, H. Sakamoto, and M. Syoyama. Phase-controlled DC-AC converter with high-frequency switching. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 1988, 3(4): 406- 411.
[14] K. Harada, F. Anan, K. Yamasaki, M. Jinno, Y. kawata, T. Nakashima, K. Mutata, and H. Sakamoto. Intelligent transformer. in Conf. Rec. of IEEE PESC, 1996,1337-1341.
[15] M. Kang, P.N. Enjeti and I.J. Pitel. Analysis and design of electronic transformers for electric power distribution system. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 1999, 14(6):1133~1141.
[16] M. Kang. Analysis and design of electronic transformers for electric power distribution and utility interface of power electronic systems. TEXAS A&M University, 2000.
[17] Manjrekar M D, kieferndorf R, Venkataramanan G, Power Electronic Transformers for Utility Applications. Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE-IAS Annual Meeting 2000, 4: 2496-2502.
[18] E.R. Ronan, S.D. Sudhoff, S.F. Glover, D.L. Galloway. Application of power electronics to the distribution transformer. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2000. APEC 2000. Fifteenth Annual IEEE, 2000, Vol.2: 861~867.
[19] E.R. Ronan. Application of power electronics to the distribution transformer. University of Missouri– Rolla, 2000.
[20] W. McMurray.Power converter circuits having a high-frequency ling [P].U.S. Patent 3517300,June 23,1970.
[21] Fan shu, Mao Chengxiong, Lu Jiming, Chen Luonan. Stability control strategy of power system based on PET, The 4th International Conference on Power Transmission & distribution technology, 2003, Changsha, China, Conference Proceedings, 564-569.
[22]王丹,毛承雄,陆继明.电子电力变压器的并联运行[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(16):66-72.
[23]成建鹏,毛承雄,范澍,王丹.电子电力变压器原理和仿真研究[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(12):23-27.
[24]王丹,毛承雄,陆继明,范澍.基于电子电力变压器的电能质量调节方法[J].高电压技术,2005,31(8):63-67.
[25]崔艳艳,毛承雄,陆继明,王丹.基于电子电力变压器的配电网电压无功综合优化控制[J].继电器,2006,34(6):24-30.
[26]王丹,毛承雄,陆继明,范澍,曹解围.配电系统电子电力变压器不对称仿真[J].中国电力,2005,38(11):21-27.
[27]曹解围,毛承雄,陆继明,王丹.配电系统电子电力变压器的IGBT缓冲电路设计[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2005,17(6):71-75.
[28] Zbugbuew Wolanski, Boon Teck Ooi. Conceptual study of a Shunt Power Quality Compensator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1996, (11): 1059-1064.
[29] Brumsickle W E, Schneider R S, Luckjiff G A, Divan D M, Mc Granaghan, M F, Dynamic Sag Correctors: Cost-Effective Industrial Power Line Conditioning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Jan/Feb, 2001, (371): 212-217.
[30]潘诗峰,赵剑锋.电力电子变压器及其发展综述[J].江苏电机工程,2003,22(6):52-55.
[31]林海雪.电力系统的三相不平衡[M].北京,中国电力出版社,1998.
[32]曹解围.电子电力变压器及其在输电系统中的应用[D].武汉,华中科技大学,2005.
[33]黄贻煜.电子电力变压器研究[D].武汉,华中科技大学,2004.
[34]王丹.配电系统电子电力变压器[D].武汉,华中科技大学,2006.
[35]吴洪洋,何湘宁.级联多电平变换器PWM控制方法的仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(8):42-46.
[36]方华亮.配电系统电力电子变压器的研究[D].武汉,华中科技大学,2003.
[37] Huh, D.Y, Sung, H. Comparative study of electronic transformers using resonant and nonresonant switching converters. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1992. PESC 92 Record., 23rd Annual IEEE, 29 Jun-3 Jul 1992: 1433-1440.
[38]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京,机械工业出版社,2002:154-186.
[39] Ooi B T, Salmon J C, Dixon J W, Kulkarni A B. A three phase controlled current PWM converter with leading power factor. IEEE Trans Ind Appl, 1987, IA23:78-84.
[40]张加胜.滞环控制交流器的开关频率研究.电工电能新技术,1998(1):54-57.
[41] Wu R, Dewan S B, Slemon G B. A PWM AC-to-DC converter with fixed switching frequency. IEEE Trans Ind Appl, 1990, 8:30-36.
[42]张卫宁.TMS320C28x系列DSP的CPU外设(上)(下)[M].清华大学出版社,2004.
[43] Ti. TMS320C28x System Control and Interrupts Peripheral ReferenceGuide[G].2002
[44]王毅,李和明,石新春,等.多电平PWM逆变电路谐波分析与输出滤波器设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(10):78-83.
[45]赵振波,李和明.单位功率因数PWM整流器双闭环PI调节器设计[J].电工技术杂志,2003,第5期.
[46]李锡雄,陈婉儿.脉冲调制技术[M].武汉,华中理工大学出版社,1996.
[47] Bakari Mwinyiwiwa, Zbingniew Wolanski, Boon Tech ooi. Microprocessor implemented SPWM for multiconverters with phase-shift triangle carriers. Porceedings of IEEE-IAS 1997 Annual Meering, 1542-1549.
[48]吴洪洋,何湘宁.级联多电平变换器PWM控制方法的仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(8):42-46.
[49]薄保中,刘卫国,罗兵.单元串联多电平逆变器PWM方法比较研究[J].电力自动化设备,2004,24(2):84-87.
[50]常东旭.轻型直流输电控制技术及其实现[D].武汉,华中科技大学,2006.