IEEE802.16e节能类型I的休眠策略研究及性能分析
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摘要
IEEE802.16e是下一代移动无线宽带城域网的最新标准,支持用户节点以车辆速度移动。为了提高移动终端的能量效率,IEEE802.16e提出三种休眠模式,其中,节能类型I用于尽力而为BE业务及非实时可变速率NRT-VR业务。本文对节能类型I进行休眠策略研究及性能分析。
首先,基于节能类型I的基本休眠策略,分别考虑无后效业务与自相似业务,建立休假长度指数变化的Geom/G/1及Geomξ/G/1排队模型,给出能量节省率,能量消耗率,系统切换率和数据帧平均响应时间等性能指标的表达式。结合数值例子与系统仿真,定量分析休眠窗口大小对系统性能的影响。
其次,综合考虑能量节省率,能量消耗率,系统切换率和数据帧平均响应时间等系统性能指标,构造成本函数,给出休眠窗口的优化设置方案。基于休眠状态与唤醒状态之间的切换过程,给出休眠策略的启动阈值。
然后,在基本的节能类型I中,提出一种休眠延迟策略。平行于基本休眠策略,建立带有休假延迟且休假长度指数变化的Geom/G/1及Geomξ/G/1排队模型,并给出相关性能指标的表达式。通过数值例子与系统仿真,定量分析休眠延迟定时器对系统性能的影响,并验证休眠延迟策略有效性。
最后,针对带有休眠延迟的节能类型I,考虑能量节省率和数据帧平均响应时间的折衷问题,构造成本函数,给出休眠延迟定时器大小的优化设置方案。
IEEE802.16e is one of the latest standards for the next generation wireless broadband metropolitan network, in which user nodes can move at vehicle speed. In order to improve the energy efficiency for the mobile station, IEEE802.16e offers three kinds of sleep mode. Power saving class I is used for the best effect and the no real time variable rate services. We study the policy and performance analysis for power saving class I in this paper.
Firstly, based on the operation mechanism of the elementary power saving class I, take into account the memoryless traffic and the self-similar traffic respectively, a Geom/G/1 and a Geomξ/G/1 multiple queueing models with exponential vacation are built. The expressions of the power saving ratio, the power consuming ratio, the system handover ratio and the average response time are presented. With the numerical results and simulation experiments, the influence of the sleep window length on the system performance measures is demonstrated.
Secondly, considering both the power saving ratio and the average response time, a cost model is developed to determine the optimum length of the sleep window. Based on the handover process between the sleep state and the awake state, an optimal threshold for starting the sleep mode is given.
Thirdly, a strategy called sleep-delay is provided on the elementary power saving class I. A Geom/G/1 and a Geomξ/G/1 multiple queueing models with exponential vacation and sleep-delay are built to describe the working principle of the power saving class I with sleep-delay. Correspondingly, the expressions of the system performance measures are presented. The dependency relationships of system performance measures on the sleep-delay timer length are discussed by numerical results and simulation experiments, and the validity of sleep-delay strategy is verified.
Finally, considering the tradeoff between the energy saving ratio and the average response time for the power saving class I with sleep-delay, a cost model is developed to give the optimal sleep-delay timer length.
首先,基于节能类型I的基本休眠策略,分别考虑无后效业务与自相似业务,建立休假长度指数变化的Geom/G/1及Geomξ/G/1排队模型,给出能量节省率,能量消耗率,系统切换率和数据帧平均响应时间等性能指标的表达式。结合数值例子与系统仿真,定量分析休眠窗口大小对系统性能的影响。
其次,综合考虑能量节省率,能量消耗率,系统切换率和数据帧平均响应时间等系统性能指标,构造成本函数,给出休眠窗口的优化设置方案。基于休眠状态与唤醒状态之间的切换过程,给出休眠策略的启动阈值。
然后,在基本的节能类型I中,提出一种休眠延迟策略。平行于基本休眠策略,建立带有休假延迟且休假长度指数变化的Geom/G/1及Geomξ/G/1排队模型,并给出相关性能指标的表达式。通过数值例子与系统仿真,定量分析休眠延迟定时器对系统性能的影响,并验证休眠延迟策略有效性。
最后,针对带有休眠延迟的节能类型I,考虑能量节省率和数据帧平均响应时间的折衷问题,构造成本函数,给出休眠延迟定时器大小的优化设置方案。
IEEE802.16e is one of the latest standards for the next generation wireless broadband metropolitan network, in which user nodes can move at vehicle speed. In order to improve the energy efficiency for the mobile station, IEEE802.16e offers three kinds of sleep mode. Power saving class I is used for the best effect and the no real time variable rate services. We study the policy and performance analysis for power saving class I in this paper.
Firstly, based on the operation mechanism of the elementary power saving class I, take into account the memoryless traffic and the self-similar traffic respectively, a Geom/G/1 and a Geomξ/G/1 multiple queueing models with exponential vacation are built. The expressions of the power saving ratio, the power consuming ratio, the system handover ratio and the average response time are presented. With the numerical results and simulation experiments, the influence of the sleep window length on the system performance measures is demonstrated.
Secondly, considering both the power saving ratio and the average response time, a cost model is developed to determine the optimum length of the sleep window. Based on the handover process between the sleep state and the awake state, an optimal threshold for starting the sleep mode is given.
Thirdly, a strategy called sleep-delay is provided on the elementary power saving class I. A Geom/G/1 and a Geomξ/G/1 multiple queueing models with exponential vacation and sleep-delay are built to describe the working principle of the power saving class I with sleep-delay. Correspondingly, the expressions of the system performance measures are presented. The dependency relationships of system performance measures on the sleep-delay timer length are discussed by numerical results and simulation experiments, and the validity of sleep-delay strategy is verified.
Finally, considering the tradeoff between the energy saving ratio and the average response time for the power saving class I with sleep-delay, a cost model is developed to give the optimal sleep-delay timer length.
引文
1田韬,张新城,周晓津. WiMAX 16e无线网络技术与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2009: 209-218
2 IEEE Std 802.16e– 2005. Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment 2: Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands. IEEE Computer Society and the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, 2006: 228-234
3张鹏飞,黄生叶,赵海琳.宽带综合业务网络中尽力而为业务性能研究.计算机工程, 2007, 33(9): 126-130
4 M. Peha, Jon. Dynamic Pricing and Congestion Control for Best-effort ATM Services. Computer Networks.2000,32:333-345
5 M. Ahmed, B. Raouf. Performance Analysis of Cell Discarding Techniques for Best Effort Video Communication over ATM Networks. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. 1998,29(17-18):2021-2037
6 S. Mani, L. Lundy. QoS and Bandwidth Management in Broadband Cable Access Network. Computer Networks.2003,43:59-73
7 T. Jari, L. Pekka, L. Tarmo. Assessment of Objective Voice Quality Over Best-effort Networks. Computer Communications.2005,28:582-588
8黄生叶,熊勤平,蒋红艳.一种适用于多速率VBR业务系统的呼叫接纳控制策略.湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 35(10): 75-79
9田宁红,周敏,龙昭华.一种改进的无线局域网对尽力而为服务的应用.计算机工程与应用, 2006, 31: 120-122
10 Y. Levy, U. Yechiali. Utilization of Idle Time in an M//G/1 Queueing System. Management Science. 1975, 22 :202-211
11 Z. Ma. N. Tian, L. Chen. A Geom/G/1 Gate Service System with Multiple Adaptive Vacations. Int. J. of Inf. and Manag. Sci., 2007, 18(3): 209-211
12 Z. Liu, J. Wu. An MAP/G/1 G-queues with Preemptive Resume and Multiple Vacations. Applied Mathematical Modeling, 2009, 33: 1739-1748
13 H. Takagi. Queue Analysis Volume 3: Discrete-Time Systems. Amsterdam: North Holland.1993:1-88
14 H. Takagi. Queue Analysis Volume 1: Vacation and Priority Systems. Amsterdam: North Holland. 1991: 1-203
15刘爱艳,田乃硕,郭明明.工作休假的Geo/Geo/1排队.工程数学学报, 2008, 25(6): 1059-1064
16 Y. Fei, J. Chang, D. Rong, Y. Jian. Grid Resource Management Policies for Load-balancing and Energy-saving by Vacation Queuing Theory. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 2009, 35(2): 966-979
17马占友,徐秀丽,田乃硕.多重休假的带启动-关闭期的Geom/G/1排队.运筹与管理, 2004, 13(5): 21-25
18冯建英,吴云江.带关闭期的随机N-策略的M/G/1排队系统.工程数学学报, 2009, 26(3): 466-474
19刘亚贞,田乃硕,修春.多重休假的带启动期和关闭期的GeomX/G/1排队.长春大学学报, 2009, 19(4): 42-44
20唐应辉,黄蜀娟,云曦.离散时间多重休假的GeomX/G/1排队系统的队长分布.电子学报, 2009, 7: 1407-1411
21申利民,金顺福,田乃硕.部分服务台同步N-策略多重休假的M/M/c排队.工程数学学报, 2004, 21(2): 238-244
22 Y. Xiao. Energy Saving Mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN. IEEE Communications Letters, 2005,9(7): 595-597
23 Y. Xiao. Performance Analysis of an Energy Saving Mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN. IEEE CCNC,2006,1:406-410
24 Z. Sixian, W. Kuochen, T. Shiao. Enhanced Sleep Mode Operations for Energy Saving in IEEE 802.16e. Emerging Directions in Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, 2007, 4809: 261-272
25 E. Hwang, K. Kim, J. Son. An Enhancement of Power Saving Class of Type I in theIEEE 802.16e. QTNA, 2007: 325-338
26 B. Lee, H. Lee. Cumulative-TIM Method for the Sleep Mode in IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN. ICOIN, 2006, 3961: 502-511
27 K. Turck, S. Vuyst, D. Fiems. An Analytic Model of IEEE 802.16e Sleep Mode Operation with Correlated Traffic, NEW2AN, 2007: 109-120
28黄福贵,益晓新,吴客军. 802.16e自适应侦听间隔节能模式.中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 45: 10-13
29曹永绍,张春业,徐文静. IEEE 802.16e MAC层能量控制机制的研究.电气电子教学学报, 2007, 29(3): 58-61
30刘利,李津生,洪佩琳. IEEE 802.16e休眠模式算法的研究和改进.计算机学报, 2007, 30(1): 146-152
31董国军,戴居丰. IEEE 802.16e的休眠模式性能评估与优化.计算机工程, 2007, 33(19): 10-12
32曲宏伟,张春业,赵莉. IEEE 802.16e的睡眠模式的改进算法.计算机工程与应用, 2009, 45(4): 134-136
33曲宏伟,张春业,张燕.基于IEEE 802.16e的睡眠模式的改进机制.计算机应用, 2008, 28(8): 1959-1980
34薛建彬,袁占亭.增强的IEEE 802.16e节能机制.计算机工程与设计, 2008, 29(24): 6193-6196
35薛建彬,袁占亭.一种新颖的IEEE 802.16e休眠机制.兰州理工大学学报, 2008, 34(2): 91-95
36薛建彬,朱延峰,袁占亭.一种适配数据速率的IEEE 802.16e休眠机制算法.吉林大学学报(工学版), 2009, 32(9): 519-524
37 Z. Niu, Y. Zhu, V. Benetis. A Phase-Type Based Markov Chain Model for IEEE 802.16e Sleep Mode and Its Performance Analysis. ITC, 2007: 791-802
38 X. Junfeng, Z. Shihong, R. Biao. An Enhanced Energy Saving Scheme in Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems. WASA, 2006, LNCS 4138: 81-92
39顾俊杰,杨宇航.基于IEEE802.16e休眠模式的研究.信息技术, 2009(7): 159-162
40唐朝伟,傅明怡,邵艳清. IEEE802.16e的新型节能机制分析与仿真.重庆大学学报, 2009, 32(1): 100-104
41 H. Kobyyashi, G. Konbeim. Queue Models for Computer Communications System Analysis. IEEE Transactions Communications, 1977, C(25): 2-29
42田乃硕.休假随机服务系统.北京:北京大学出版社, 2001: 300-366
43田乃硕,徐秀丽,马占友.离散时间排队论.北京:科学出版社, 2008: 100-102
44 S. Jin, W. Yue. Performance Analysis for a System of Connection Oriented Internet Service with a Release Delay. IEICE Transactions on Communications, 2007, E90-B(11): 3084-3094
45 W. Leland, M. Taqqu, W. Willinger. On the Self-similar Nature of Ethernet Traffic(extended version). IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1994, 2(1): 1-15
46 V. Paxson, S. Floyd. Wide-Area Traffic: the Failure of Poisson Modeling. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1995, 3(3): 226-244
47 E. Mark, Crovella, A. Bestavros. Self-Similarity in World Web Traffic. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1997, 5(6): 835-846
48 M. Garret, W. Willinger. Analysis Modeling and Generation of Self-similar VBR Video Traffic. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication, 1994, 24(4): 269-280
49金顺福,霍占强.交换虚通道性能分析.北京:电子工业出版社, 2007: 117-126
50徐明伟,仝爱军.基于自相似模型的网络性能测试.计算机工程与设计, 2002, 38(5): 56-59
51吴援明,宁正容,梁恩志.网络自相似业务模型进展.通信学报, 2004, 25(3): 97-104
52马维旻,李忠诚,王俊峰.基于仿真的宽带网络流量特征分析.系统仿真学报, 2004, 16(4): 681-684
2 IEEE Std 802.16e– 2005. Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment 2: Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands. IEEE Computer Society and the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, 2006: 228-234
3张鹏飞,黄生叶,赵海琳.宽带综合业务网络中尽力而为业务性能研究.计算机工程, 2007, 33(9): 126-130
4 M. Peha, Jon. Dynamic Pricing and Congestion Control for Best-effort ATM Services. Computer Networks.2000,32:333-345
5 M. Ahmed, B. Raouf. Performance Analysis of Cell Discarding Techniques for Best Effort Video Communication over ATM Networks. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. 1998,29(17-18):2021-2037
6 S. Mani, L. Lundy. QoS and Bandwidth Management in Broadband Cable Access Network. Computer Networks.2003,43:59-73
7 T. Jari, L. Pekka, L. Tarmo. Assessment of Objective Voice Quality Over Best-effort Networks. Computer Communications.2005,28:582-588
8黄生叶,熊勤平,蒋红艳.一种适用于多速率VBR业务系统的呼叫接纳控制策略.湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 35(10): 75-79
9田宁红,周敏,龙昭华.一种改进的无线局域网对尽力而为服务的应用.计算机工程与应用, 2006, 31: 120-122
10 Y. Levy, U. Yechiali. Utilization of Idle Time in an M//G/1 Queueing System. Management Science. 1975, 22 :202-211
11 Z. Ma. N. Tian, L. Chen. A Geom/G/1 Gate Service System with Multiple Adaptive Vacations. Int. J. of Inf. and Manag. Sci., 2007, 18(3): 209-211
12 Z. Liu, J. Wu. An MAP/G/1 G-queues with Preemptive Resume and Multiple Vacations. Applied Mathematical Modeling, 2009, 33: 1739-1748
13 H. Takagi. Queue Analysis Volume 3: Discrete-Time Systems. Amsterdam: North Holland.1993:1-88
14 H. Takagi. Queue Analysis Volume 1: Vacation and Priority Systems. Amsterdam: North Holland. 1991: 1-203
15刘爱艳,田乃硕,郭明明.工作休假的Geo/Geo/1排队.工程数学学报, 2008, 25(6): 1059-1064
16 Y. Fei, J. Chang, D. Rong, Y. Jian. Grid Resource Management Policies for Load-balancing and Energy-saving by Vacation Queuing Theory. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 2009, 35(2): 966-979
17马占友,徐秀丽,田乃硕.多重休假的带启动-关闭期的Geom/G/1排队.运筹与管理, 2004, 13(5): 21-25
18冯建英,吴云江.带关闭期的随机N-策略的M/G/1排队系统.工程数学学报, 2009, 26(3): 466-474
19刘亚贞,田乃硕,修春.多重休假的带启动期和关闭期的GeomX/G/1排队.长春大学学报, 2009, 19(4): 42-44
20唐应辉,黄蜀娟,云曦.离散时间多重休假的GeomX/G/1排队系统的队长分布.电子学报, 2009, 7: 1407-1411
21申利民,金顺福,田乃硕.部分服务台同步N-策略多重休假的M/M/c排队.工程数学学报, 2004, 21(2): 238-244
22 Y. Xiao. Energy Saving Mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN. IEEE Communications Letters, 2005,9(7): 595-597
23 Y. Xiao. Performance Analysis of an Energy Saving Mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN. IEEE CCNC,2006,1:406-410
24 Z. Sixian, W. Kuochen, T. Shiao. Enhanced Sleep Mode Operations for Energy Saving in IEEE 802.16e. Emerging Directions in Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, 2007, 4809: 261-272
25 E. Hwang, K. Kim, J. Son. An Enhancement of Power Saving Class of Type I in theIEEE 802.16e. QTNA, 2007: 325-338
26 B. Lee, H. Lee. Cumulative-TIM Method for the Sleep Mode in IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN. ICOIN, 2006, 3961: 502-511
27 K. Turck, S. Vuyst, D. Fiems. An Analytic Model of IEEE 802.16e Sleep Mode Operation with Correlated Traffic, NEW2AN, 2007: 109-120
28黄福贵,益晓新,吴客军. 802.16e自适应侦听间隔节能模式.中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 45: 10-13
29曹永绍,张春业,徐文静. IEEE 802.16e MAC层能量控制机制的研究.电气电子教学学报, 2007, 29(3): 58-61
30刘利,李津生,洪佩琳. IEEE 802.16e休眠模式算法的研究和改进.计算机学报, 2007, 30(1): 146-152
31董国军,戴居丰. IEEE 802.16e的休眠模式性能评估与优化.计算机工程, 2007, 33(19): 10-12
32曲宏伟,张春业,赵莉. IEEE 802.16e的睡眠模式的改进算法.计算机工程与应用, 2009, 45(4): 134-136
33曲宏伟,张春业,张燕.基于IEEE 802.16e的睡眠模式的改进机制.计算机应用, 2008, 28(8): 1959-1980
34薛建彬,袁占亭.增强的IEEE 802.16e节能机制.计算机工程与设计, 2008, 29(24): 6193-6196
35薛建彬,袁占亭.一种新颖的IEEE 802.16e休眠机制.兰州理工大学学报, 2008, 34(2): 91-95
36薛建彬,朱延峰,袁占亭.一种适配数据速率的IEEE 802.16e休眠机制算法.吉林大学学报(工学版), 2009, 32(9): 519-524
37 Z. Niu, Y. Zhu, V. Benetis. A Phase-Type Based Markov Chain Model for IEEE 802.16e Sleep Mode and Its Performance Analysis. ITC, 2007: 791-802
38 X. Junfeng, Z. Shihong, R. Biao. An Enhanced Energy Saving Scheme in Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems. WASA, 2006, LNCS 4138: 81-92
39顾俊杰,杨宇航.基于IEEE802.16e休眠模式的研究.信息技术, 2009(7): 159-162
40唐朝伟,傅明怡,邵艳清. IEEE802.16e的新型节能机制分析与仿真.重庆大学学报, 2009, 32(1): 100-104
41 H. Kobyyashi, G. Konbeim. Queue Models for Computer Communications System Analysis. IEEE Transactions Communications, 1977, C(25): 2-29
42田乃硕.休假随机服务系统.北京:北京大学出版社, 2001: 300-366
43田乃硕,徐秀丽,马占友.离散时间排队论.北京:科学出版社, 2008: 100-102
44 S. Jin, W. Yue. Performance Analysis for a System of Connection Oriented Internet Service with a Release Delay. IEICE Transactions on Communications, 2007, E90-B(11): 3084-3094
45 W. Leland, M. Taqqu, W. Willinger. On the Self-similar Nature of Ethernet Traffic(extended version). IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1994, 2(1): 1-15
46 V. Paxson, S. Floyd. Wide-Area Traffic: the Failure of Poisson Modeling. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1995, 3(3): 226-244
47 E. Mark, Crovella, A. Bestavros. Self-Similarity in World Web Traffic. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1997, 5(6): 835-846
48 M. Garret, W. Willinger. Analysis Modeling and Generation of Self-similar VBR Video Traffic. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication, 1994, 24(4): 269-280
49金顺福,霍占强.交换虚通道性能分析.北京:电子工业出版社, 2007: 117-126
50徐明伟,仝爱军.基于自相似模型的网络性能测试.计算机工程与设计, 2002, 38(5): 56-59
51吴援明,宁正容,梁恩志.网络自相似业务模型进展.通信学报, 2004, 25(3): 97-104
52马维旻,李忠诚,王俊峰.基于仿真的宽带网络流量特征分析.系统仿真学报, 2004, 16(4): 681-684
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