宽带无线城域网中的接入控制技术研究
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摘要
随着技术、社会的发展以及Internet的普及,人们对语音、视频、数据等业务的需求不断增加。无线网络能够使人们“随时随地”接入网络的要求得到满足。
IEEE802.16做为一种具有竞争力的宽带无线城域网接入技术,实现了标准全球统一的目标。IEEE802.16MAC层协议对QoS保障机制进行较为完善的定义,制定了完备的信令体系、基于QoS的业务调度类型、带宽请求与分配机制等。研究实现IEEE802.16QoS保障的无线资源管理算法具有重要的意义。
接入控制是QoS保障中的重要一环,它的主要任务是根据一定的策略对是否允许接入新到业务进行判决。新业务的加入有可能导致网络中原有业务的QoS性能有所下降;但是,网络需要容纳尽可能多的业务。接入控制用来在这对矛盾中找到一个平衡点,使网络中业务的QoS得到保证,同时使带宽利用率保持在较高的水平。
论文在对IEEE802.16体系结构以及无线网络中的接入控制技术介绍的基础上,针对QoS实现机制中的接入控制技术开展了研究,主要内容如下:
1、对MAC层QoS机制做了较为详细的分析,完善其QoS实现架构,给出了一种方案。对方案中主要模块的功能进行了定义,并描述了架构中信令、数据交互时BS和SS端所进行的操作。
2、研究了一种基于门限策略的接入控制算法。为了保证切换过程中通话的连续性和实时业务的高QoS要求,算法定义了业务之间的优先级,根据优先级设置了5个门限。这些门限控制系统资源不同占用情况下允许接入不同优先级的业务。同时,为增加系统的接入连接数和带宽利用率,利用ERTPS、RTPS和NRTPS业务具有适应性带宽的特点,算法还引入了一种带宽借用的机制。仿真结果表明,这种设置门限的方式保证了高优先级业务的接入成功率,但牺牲掉了低优先级业务的部分性能。
3、考虑到IEEE802.16网络中业务具有不同的速率要求,改进了一种基于权值的动态接入控制算法。将测量单位时间内业务的平均到达率与平均传输速率乘积的比做为权值,为每类业务分配带宽。仿真结果表明,相比于原算法中只采用业务到达率的比为权值来分配带宽的方式,改进的权值取值方式能够比较准确的反映各类业务的实际带宽需求,改善系统在阻塞率、掉线率以及带宽利用率方面的性能。
With the development of technology and society, as well as the popularity of Internet, requirements of sounds,video and data are increasing. Wireless communication satisfy people’s desires of accessing network wherever and whenever. As a competive technology of Broadband Wireless Metropolitan Area Network, IEEE802.16 provides a uniform worldwide standard for Broadband Wireless Access. IEEE802.16 MAC layer protocol defines comprehensive QoS guaranteeing mechanism, including complete signaling system, scheduling service types and bandwidth request/allocation, and so on.The research on wireless resource management algorithms for IEEE802.16 is of great significance.
Call admission control is very important for QoS guaranteeing. Its main task is to determine whether allow a new service flow or not according certain policy. The entry of new one may decrease current online services’QoS performance. However, network has to absorb businesses as many as possible. Call admission control can be used to find the trade-off to ensure the Qos of existent services, meanwhile maintain the bandwidth utilization at a high level.
Based on the introduction of IEEE802.16 system and call admission control technology, this thesis is specially about call admission control of Qos realization. The main contents are as follows:
1. The QoS mechanism of MAC layer was analyed in detail. A proposal was posed in order to perfect the QoS realization architecture. The main functional modules of this architecture were defined. The operations of SS and BS were described when signaling or data were exchanging between them.
2. Call admission control algorithm based on a threshold strategy was studied. In order to maintain conversation in handoff process and ensure higher QoS requests for real time services, this algorithm defined priorities among services. Five thresholds were set according to above-mentioned priorities. Different priority services were admitted under different bandwidth usage circumstances, which was controlled by these thresholds. A bandwidth borrowing mechanism was adopted by taking advantage of the adaptive bandwidth traits of ERTPS、RTPS and NRTPS in order to maximize the number of connections and bandwidth utilization.The simulation results showed that the method of setting thresholds guaranteed high-priority services better access ratio at the cost of low-priority services’access ratio.
3. Considering the various rates of services in IEEE802.16 network, this thesis improved a weight-based dynamic call admission control algorithm. The product of average arrival rate and transfer rate in measurement unit time were used as weight to distribute bandwidth for different services. The simulation results showed that, comparing with the old method which used average arrival rate as weight to allocate bandwidth only, the improved method could reflect the bandwidth requirement of each service more exactly. In this way, it improved the blocking probability, dropping probability and bandwidth utilization of system.
IEEE802.16做为一种具有竞争力的宽带无线城域网接入技术,实现了标准全球统一的目标。IEEE802.16MAC层协议对QoS保障机制进行较为完善的定义,制定了完备的信令体系、基于QoS的业务调度类型、带宽请求与分配机制等。研究实现IEEE802.16QoS保障的无线资源管理算法具有重要的意义。
接入控制是QoS保障中的重要一环,它的主要任务是根据一定的策略对是否允许接入新到业务进行判决。新业务的加入有可能导致网络中原有业务的QoS性能有所下降;但是,网络需要容纳尽可能多的业务。接入控制用来在这对矛盾中找到一个平衡点,使网络中业务的QoS得到保证,同时使带宽利用率保持在较高的水平。
论文在对IEEE802.16体系结构以及无线网络中的接入控制技术介绍的基础上,针对QoS实现机制中的接入控制技术开展了研究,主要内容如下:
1、对MAC层QoS机制做了较为详细的分析,完善其QoS实现架构,给出了一种方案。对方案中主要模块的功能进行了定义,并描述了架构中信令、数据交互时BS和SS端所进行的操作。
2、研究了一种基于门限策略的接入控制算法。为了保证切换过程中通话的连续性和实时业务的高QoS要求,算法定义了业务之间的优先级,根据优先级设置了5个门限。这些门限控制系统资源不同占用情况下允许接入不同优先级的业务。同时,为增加系统的接入连接数和带宽利用率,利用ERTPS、RTPS和NRTPS业务具有适应性带宽的特点,算法还引入了一种带宽借用的机制。仿真结果表明,这种设置门限的方式保证了高优先级业务的接入成功率,但牺牲掉了低优先级业务的部分性能。
3、考虑到IEEE802.16网络中业务具有不同的速率要求,改进了一种基于权值的动态接入控制算法。将测量单位时间内业务的平均到达率与平均传输速率乘积的比做为权值,为每类业务分配带宽。仿真结果表明,相比于原算法中只采用业务到达率的比为权值来分配带宽的方式,改进的权值取值方式能够比较准确的反映各类业务的实际带宽需求,改善系统在阻塞率、掉线率以及带宽利用率方面的性能。
With the development of technology and society, as well as the popularity of Internet, requirements of sounds,video and data are increasing. Wireless communication satisfy people’s desires of accessing network wherever and whenever. As a competive technology of Broadband Wireless Metropolitan Area Network, IEEE802.16 provides a uniform worldwide standard for Broadband Wireless Access. IEEE802.16 MAC layer protocol defines comprehensive QoS guaranteeing mechanism, including complete signaling system, scheduling service types and bandwidth request/allocation, and so on.The research on wireless resource management algorithms for IEEE802.16 is of great significance.
Call admission control is very important for QoS guaranteeing. Its main task is to determine whether allow a new service flow or not according certain policy. The entry of new one may decrease current online services’QoS performance. However, network has to absorb businesses as many as possible. Call admission control can be used to find the trade-off to ensure the Qos of existent services, meanwhile maintain the bandwidth utilization at a high level.
Based on the introduction of IEEE802.16 system and call admission control technology, this thesis is specially about call admission control of Qos realization. The main contents are as follows:
1. The QoS mechanism of MAC layer was analyed in detail. A proposal was posed in order to perfect the QoS realization architecture. The main functional modules of this architecture were defined. The operations of SS and BS were described when signaling or data were exchanging between them.
2. Call admission control algorithm based on a threshold strategy was studied. In order to maintain conversation in handoff process and ensure higher QoS requests for real time services, this algorithm defined priorities among services. Five thresholds were set according to above-mentioned priorities. Different priority services were admitted under different bandwidth usage circumstances, which was controlled by these thresholds. A bandwidth borrowing mechanism was adopted by taking advantage of the adaptive bandwidth traits of ERTPS、RTPS and NRTPS in order to maximize the number of connections and bandwidth utilization.The simulation results showed that the method of setting thresholds guaranteed high-priority services better access ratio at the cost of low-priority services’access ratio.
3. Considering the various rates of services in IEEE802.16 network, this thesis improved a weight-based dynamic call admission control algorithm. The product of average arrival rate and transfer rate in measurement unit time were used as weight to distribute bandwidth for different services. The simulation results showed that, comparing with the old method which used average arrival rate as weight to allocate bandwidth only, the improved method could reflect the bandwidth requirement of each service more exactly. In this way, it improved the blocking probability, dropping probability and bandwidth utilization of system.
引文
[1]彭木根,王文博.下一代宽带无线通信系统OFDM&WiMAX[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[2]张金文.802_16宽带无线城域网技术[M].电子工业出版社,2006.
[3]崔岩.WiMAX无线宽带接入技术及组网方案[J].通信管理与技术,2006年第5期.
[4]董晓鲁,党梅梅,沈嘉等.WiMAX技术、标准与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[5]高泽华,赵国安,宁帆等.宽带无线城域网-WiMAX技术与应用[M],人民邮电出版社,2008.
[6] IEEE Std 802.16d-2004,IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks-Part 16:Air Interface for FixedBroadband Wireless Access Systems, October 2004.
[7] IEEE Std 802.16e-2005,IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16:Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment 2:Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands and Corrigendum 1, February 2006.
[8]田韬,张新程,周晓津等.WiMAX 16e无线网络技术与应用[M].人民邮电出版社,2009.
[9]王莹,张平.无线资源管理[M].北京邮电大学出版社,2005.
[10]彭木根,王文博.WiMAX系统架构以及无线资源管理机制[J].数据通信,2005年第5期.
[11]曾春亮,张宁,王旭莹等.WiMAX/802.16原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[12] MOHAMED HOSSAM AHMED . CALL ADMISSION CONTROL IN WIRELESS NETWORKS:A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY[J].Communications Surveys & Tutorials,2005.
[13] M Naghshineh,AS Acampora.Qos Provisioning In Micro-cellular Networks Supporting Multimedia Traffic[J].In Proc of the IEEE INFOCOM,1995.
[14] Jon M. Peha , Peha , Arak Sutivong . Admission Control Algorithms for Celluler Systems[J].ACM/Baltzer Wireless Networks,1999.
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[16] KIM Y W,KIM D K,KIM J H.Radio resource management in multiple-chip-rate DS/CDMA systems supporting multielass services[J].IEEE Trans on Vehicular Tech,2001,50(3):723-736.
[17]张雪.线移动网中呼叫接纳控制模型分析[J].通信学报,2005.
[18] LENG C W,ZHUANG W H.Novel system modeling in call admission control for wireless personal communications[J].Global Telecommunications Conference,2000.GLOBECOM '00.IEEEVolume 1,27 Nov.-1 Dec. 2000 Page(s):177-181 vol.1.
[19] WIESELTHIER J E,EPHREMIDES A.Fixed and movable-boundary channel-access schemes for integrated voiee/data wireless networks [J].IEEE Trans on Commun,1995,43(1):64-74.
[20] MA M,GUNAWAN E.Performance of CDMA-based MAC protocol for integrated voice/data wireless networks[J].Electronics Letters,2000,36(17):1491-1492.
[21] FANG Y G,ZHANG Y C.Call admission control schemes and performance analysis in wireless mobile networks[J].Vehicular Technology,IEEE Transactions on,2002,51(2):371-382.
[22] D.Hong and S.Rappaport.Traffic Model and Performance Analysis for Cellular Mobile Radio Telephone System with Prioritized and Nonprioritized Handoff Procedures[J] . IEEE Trans.Vehic.Tech.,35,no3,Aug.1986.
[23] LI B,LIN C,CHANSON S.Analysis of a hybrid cutoff priority scheme for multiple classes of traffic in multimedia wireless networks[J].Wireless Networks,1998,4(4):279-290.
[24] RAMJEE R,NAGARAJAN R,TOWSLEY D.On optimal call admission contro1 in cellular networks[J].Fifteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer Societies.Networking the Next Generation,1996.
[25] KULAVARATHARASAH M D,AGHVAMI A H.Teletraffic performance evaluation of micro-cellular personal communication networks(PCN's)with prioritized handoff procedures[J].IEEE Trans on Vehicular Technology,1999,48(1):137-152.
[26] CUI W,SHEN X M.User momvement tendency prediction and call admission control for cellular networks[J].IEEE ICC 2000.New Orleans,USA,2000:670-674.
[27] ACAMPORA A,NAGHSHINEH M.Control and quality-of-service provisioning in high-speed microcellular networks[J].IEEE Personal Comm,1994,1(2):36-43.
[28] XHAFA A , TONGUZ O K . A new queuing scheme for handoffs in 3G wireless networks[C].Vehicular Technology Conference,IEEE VTS54th.2001:738-742.
[29] BERALDI R, MARANO S, PALUMBO E. Analysis of new priority queuing strategies for handofF and originating calls in mobile cellular radio systems[J].Wireless Communication System Symposium,1995,11:63-69.
[30] WEIL,MAKKI K,PISSINOU N.Waiting time of handoff calls for the wireless mobile networks with dependent calls arrival processes and impatient calls[C] . Wireless Communications and Networking Conference,2000:845-849.
[31] SEMEIA A . Wireless network performance analysis for adaptive bandwidth resource allocations[J].Stevens Fnstitute of Technology,2003.
[32] Fen Hou,Pin-Han Ho,Xuemin Shen.Performance Analysis of a Reservation Based ConnectionAdmission Scheme in 802.16 Networks[J].In Proc of the IEEE GLOBECOM,2006.
[33] I-Shyan Hwang,Bor-Jiunn Hwang,K.Robert Lai.Adaptive QoS-aware Resource Management in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks[J] . 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications-Workshops,2008.
[34] Kalikivayi Suresh,Iti Saha misra,Kalpana saha.Bandwidth and Delay Guaranteed Call Admission Control Scheme for QOS Provisioning in IEEE802.16e Mobile WiMAX[J].Global Telecommunications Conference,2008.
[35]贺媛,王力行,曾烈光.无线城域网802.16系统的接纳控制算法[J].清华大学学报,2007年第10期
[36] Jiangfeng Chen,Wenhua Jiao,Qian Guo.Providing Integrated QoS Control for IEEE802.16 Broadband Wireless Access System[J].IEEE 62nd Vehicular Technology Conference,2005.
[37] Haitang Wang,Wei Li and P.Agrawal.Dynamic Admission Control and QoS for 802.16 Wireless MAN[J].Wireless Telecommunications Symposium,2005.
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[2]张金文.802_16宽带无线城域网技术[M].电子工业出版社,2006.
[3]崔岩.WiMAX无线宽带接入技术及组网方案[J].通信管理与技术,2006年第5期.
[4]董晓鲁,党梅梅,沈嘉等.WiMAX技术、标准与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[5]高泽华,赵国安,宁帆等.宽带无线城域网-WiMAX技术与应用[M],人民邮电出版社,2008.
[6] IEEE Std 802.16d-2004,IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks-Part 16:Air Interface for FixedBroadband Wireless Access Systems, October 2004.
[7] IEEE Std 802.16e-2005,IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16:Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment 2:Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands and Corrigendum 1, February 2006.
[8]田韬,张新程,周晓津等.WiMAX 16e无线网络技术与应用[M].人民邮电出版社,2009.
[9]王莹,张平.无线资源管理[M].北京邮电大学出版社,2005.
[10]彭木根,王文博.WiMAX系统架构以及无线资源管理机制[J].数据通信,2005年第5期.
[11]曾春亮,张宁,王旭莹等.WiMAX/802.16原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[12] MOHAMED HOSSAM AHMED . CALL ADMISSION CONTROL IN WIRELESS NETWORKS:A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY[J].Communications Surveys & Tutorials,2005.
[13] M Naghshineh,AS Acampora.Qos Provisioning In Micro-cellular Networks Supporting Multimedia Traffic[J].In Proc of the IEEE INFOCOM,1995.
[14] Jon M. Peha , Peha , Arak Sutivong . Admission Control Algorithms for Celluler Systems[J].ACM/Baltzer Wireless Networks,1999.
[15]龚文斌,甘仲民.无线移动通信系统仲的呼叫接入控制[J].通信学报,2003.8.
[16] KIM Y W,KIM D K,KIM J H.Radio resource management in multiple-chip-rate DS/CDMA systems supporting multielass services[J].IEEE Trans on Vehicular Tech,2001,50(3):723-736.
[17]张雪.线移动网中呼叫接纳控制模型分析[J].通信学报,2005.
[18] LENG C W,ZHUANG W H.Novel system modeling in call admission control for wireless personal communications[J].Global Telecommunications Conference,2000.GLOBECOM '00.IEEEVolume 1,27 Nov.-1 Dec. 2000 Page(s):177-181 vol.1.
[19] WIESELTHIER J E,EPHREMIDES A.Fixed and movable-boundary channel-access schemes for integrated voiee/data wireless networks [J].IEEE Trans on Commun,1995,43(1):64-74.
[20] MA M,GUNAWAN E.Performance of CDMA-based MAC protocol for integrated voice/data wireless networks[J].Electronics Letters,2000,36(17):1491-1492.
[21] FANG Y G,ZHANG Y C.Call admission control schemes and performance analysis in wireless mobile networks[J].Vehicular Technology,IEEE Transactions on,2002,51(2):371-382.
[22] D.Hong and S.Rappaport.Traffic Model and Performance Analysis for Cellular Mobile Radio Telephone System with Prioritized and Nonprioritized Handoff Procedures[J] . IEEE Trans.Vehic.Tech.,35,no3,Aug.1986.
[23] LI B,LIN C,CHANSON S.Analysis of a hybrid cutoff priority scheme for multiple classes of traffic in multimedia wireless networks[J].Wireless Networks,1998,4(4):279-290.
[24] RAMJEE R,NAGARAJAN R,TOWSLEY D.On optimal call admission contro1 in cellular networks[J].Fifteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer Societies.Networking the Next Generation,1996.
[25] KULAVARATHARASAH M D,AGHVAMI A H.Teletraffic performance evaluation of micro-cellular personal communication networks(PCN's)with prioritized handoff procedures[J].IEEE Trans on Vehicular Technology,1999,48(1):137-152.
[26] CUI W,SHEN X M.User momvement tendency prediction and call admission control for cellular networks[J].IEEE ICC 2000.New Orleans,USA,2000:670-674.
[27] ACAMPORA A,NAGHSHINEH M.Control and quality-of-service provisioning in high-speed microcellular networks[J].IEEE Personal Comm,1994,1(2):36-43.
[28] XHAFA A , TONGUZ O K . A new queuing scheme for handoffs in 3G wireless networks[C].Vehicular Technology Conference,IEEE VTS54th.2001:738-742.
[29] BERALDI R, MARANO S, PALUMBO E. Analysis of new priority queuing strategies for handofF and originating calls in mobile cellular radio systems[J].Wireless Communication System Symposium,1995,11:63-69.
[30] WEIL,MAKKI K,PISSINOU N.Waiting time of handoff calls for the wireless mobile networks with dependent calls arrival processes and impatient calls[C] . Wireless Communications and Networking Conference,2000:845-849.
[31] SEMEIA A . Wireless network performance analysis for adaptive bandwidth resource allocations[J].Stevens Fnstitute of Technology,2003.
[32] Fen Hou,Pin-Han Ho,Xuemin Shen.Performance Analysis of a Reservation Based ConnectionAdmission Scheme in 802.16 Networks[J].In Proc of the IEEE GLOBECOM,2006.
[33] I-Shyan Hwang,Bor-Jiunn Hwang,K.Robert Lai.Adaptive QoS-aware Resource Management in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks[J] . 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications-Workshops,2008.
[34] Kalikivayi Suresh,Iti Saha misra,Kalpana saha.Bandwidth and Delay Guaranteed Call Admission Control Scheme for QOS Provisioning in IEEE802.16e Mobile WiMAX[J].Global Telecommunications Conference,2008.
[35]贺媛,王力行,曾烈光.无线城域网802.16系统的接纳控制算法[J].清华大学学报,2007年第10期
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