日粮中添加延胡索酸对奶牛生产性能及甲烷产量的影响
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摘要
本试验以研究了延胡索酸其对泌乳中后期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、消化代谢、血液生化指标及甲烷产量的影响。通过延胡索酸的不同添加量对奶牛的影响,确定延胡索酸的适宜添加量。试验共分为两部分:
第一部分延胡索酸对奶牛生产性能、消化代谢和血液指标的影响
试验选择20头泌乳中后期健康无疾病高产荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成4组,每组5头,试验前各组奶牛日均产奶量、胎次、泌乳天数、体重差异不显著(P<0.05)。采用单因素随机区组试验设计,其中A为对照组(仅饲喂基础日粮);B、C、D组为试验组,在基础日粮的基础上分别为40g/d,80g/d和120g/d的延胡索酸,试验期为45d。
研究结果表明:(1)日粮中添加延胡索酸对奶牛干物质采食量和饲料转化率(奶料比)有提高的趋势(P>0.05);(2)日粮中添加延胡索酸不同程度提高了泌乳中后期奶牛的产奶量和4%FCM产量,其中,40g/d组、80g/d组、120g/d组奶牛的产奶量分别比对照组提高3.49%(P>0.05) ,3.70%(P>0.05)和4.23%(P>0.05);40g/d组、80g/d组和120g/d组的4%FCM产量分别比对照组提高4.62%(P>0.05),4.51%(P>0.05)和4.62%(P>0.05);(3)添加不同浓度的延胡索酸在不同程度上提高了日粮中养分的表观消化率(P>0.05),酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率较对照组分别提高1.17%(P>0.05),1.62%(P>0.05)和2.45%(P>0.05),粗蛋白的表观消化率较对照组分别提高1.68%(P>0.05),1.07%(P>0.05)和1.90%(P>0.05);(4)延胡索酸的添加对乳脂率、乳脂量、乳蛋白率、乳糖、乳尿素氮、非脂固形物量均有所提高(P>0.05),其中,乳蛋白量较对照组分别提高3.17%(P>0.05),4.76%(P>0.05)和6.35%(P<0.05),乳糖量较对照组(0.89kg/d)分别提高4.49%(P>0.05),5.62%(P<0.05)和6.74%(P<0.05);(5)日粮中添加不同浓度的延胡索酸对奶牛的血液指标都有不同程度的影响。其中日粮添加40g/d、80 g/d或120 g/d延胡索酸使奶牛血清中的乳酸含量较对照组分别降低0.13mmol/L(P<0.05) ,0.13mmol/L(P<0.05),0.11mmol/L(P<0.05)。延胡索酸的添加使奶牛的血清葡萄糖和尿素氮的浓度下降,其中血糖浓度分别降低了0.22mmol/L(P>0.05)、0.25mmol/L(P>0.05)、0.29mmol/L(P>0.05) ;尿素氮的浓度分别降低了0.15mmol/L(P>0.05)、0.01mmol/L(P>0.05)、0.14mmol/L(P>0.05)。但对奶牛血液中的甘油三酯、总胆固醇、乳酸脱氢酶等的浓度无显著影响(P>0.05)。(6)日粮中添加40g/d、80g/d和120g/d延胡索酸均提高了经济效益,分别提高1.92元/头·日、1.93元/头·日、1.51元/头·日。
第二部分日粮添加延胡索酸对奶牛甲烷产量的影响
试验选择4头生长发育正常,体重(650±50kg/头)相同或相似、食欲良好、体况良好,健康无病的处于干奶期的中国荷斯坦奶牛,采用4×4重复拉丁方设计。日粮处理包括:A组为对照组(仅饲喂基础日粮),B组、C组和D组为试验组,分别在基础日粮基础上添加40g/d,80g/d或120g/d延胡索酸。试验分四期,每期15d。
试验结果表明,日粮中添加延胡索酸降低了奶牛瘤胃中甲烷的产量,其中,试验组较对照组分别降低了6.51%(P<0.01),12.44%(P<0.01)和7.36%(P<0.01)。
综合评定试验结果认为,奶牛日粮中添加延胡索酸,可以提高奶牛的干物质采食量及营养物质的表观消化率,提高生产性能,改善奶品质,同时降低了甲烷产量。
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of fumaric acid on the performance, metabolic parameters, blood index and methane emission and the optimal dose of Holstein cows during mid and late lactatation period. This dissertation included the following two sections:
Section one: The effect of dietary fumaric acid supplement on performance,digestive and metabolism parameters and blood index of dairy cows.
Single factor randomized block experimental design was adopted. Twenty multiparous healthly Chinese Holstein cows in mid and late lactatation period with similar milk yield and parturition date were selected and assigned randomly into 4 groups each with 5 replicates. The fumaric acid contents in the experimental ration were dividedly 0g/d, 40 g/d, 80 g/d or 120 g/d of the concentrate. The experiment lasted 45 days.
The results indicated that: (1) Dry matter intake (DMI) and the feed efficiency (4%FCM/DMI) were unaffected by diet (P>0.05);(2) The milk yields (fumaric acid supplement at 40g/d, 80g/d or 120g/d, separately) were respectively higher 3.49%(P>0.05), 3.70%(P>0.05), 4.23%(P>0.05) than that of the control group; FCM yield was separately increased 4.62%(P>0.05), 4.51%(P>0.05), 4.62%(P>0.05) than the control diet, but no significant difference appeared among the treatment groups(P>0.05); (3) The apparent digestibility of nutrients tended to be higher with fumaric acid supplement(P>0.05), but no significant difference was found among the treatment groups (P>0.05); (4) The percentages of milk fat, protein, lactose, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and the yield of non-fat solid tended to increase by diet (P>0.05).The yield of protein were increased 3.17%(P>0.05), 4.76%(P>0.05) or 6.35%(P<0.05), and the yield of lactose were increased 4.49%(P>0.05), 5.62%(P<0.05), 6.74%(P<0.05) for cows with fumaric acid supplement than the control group; (5) Fumaric acid supplement separately decreased the content of serum LD, sugar(GLU), urea nitrogen(BUN). Comparing with the control group, the serum LD content was seperatelly decreased 0.13mmol/L(P<0.05), 0.13 mmol/L(P<0.05), 0.11mmol/L(P<0.05); the serum sugar content was seperatelly decreased 0.22mmol/L(P>0.05),0.25mmol/L(P>0.05), 0.29mmol/L(P>0.05) ; The serum urea nitrogen content was decreased 0.15mmol/L(P>0.05), 0.01mmol/L(P>0.05), or 0.14mmol/L(P>0.05).But the contents of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(CHO) and lactic dehydrogenase(LDH-L) in serum were not influenced (P>0.05).(6) The income of feeding a cow was separately increased 1.92 RMB/d, 1.93RMB/d or 1.51RMB/d with fumaric acid supplement at the dose of 40g/d, 80g/d or 120g/d.
Section two: The effect of different levels fumaric acid supplement on methane emission of dairy cows.
Four primiparous healthly Holstein Dry cow were selected in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design, and were assigned randomly into 4 groups. Fumaric acid contents in the experimental ration were dividedly 0g/d, 40 g/d, 80 g/d or 120 g/d of the concentrate. There were four 15-d periods. The results indicated that methane emission (fumaric acid supplement at 40g/d, 80g/d or 120g/d, separately) were separately decreased 6.51%(P<0.01), 12.44%(P<0.01), 7.36%(P<0.01)than the control group.
Therefore, supplementing fumaric acid in diet could increase DMI, apparent digestibility, performance and milk quality, while reduce methane emission.
第一部分延胡索酸对奶牛生产性能、消化代谢和血液指标的影响
试验选择20头泌乳中后期健康无疾病高产荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成4组,每组5头,试验前各组奶牛日均产奶量、胎次、泌乳天数、体重差异不显著(P<0.05)。采用单因素随机区组试验设计,其中A为对照组(仅饲喂基础日粮);B、C、D组为试验组,在基础日粮的基础上分别为40g/d,80g/d和120g/d的延胡索酸,试验期为45d。
研究结果表明:(1)日粮中添加延胡索酸对奶牛干物质采食量和饲料转化率(奶料比)有提高的趋势(P>0.05);(2)日粮中添加延胡索酸不同程度提高了泌乳中后期奶牛的产奶量和4%FCM产量,其中,40g/d组、80g/d组、120g/d组奶牛的产奶量分别比对照组提高3.49%(P>0.05) ,3.70%(P>0.05)和4.23%(P>0.05);40g/d组、80g/d组和120g/d组的4%FCM产量分别比对照组提高4.62%(P>0.05),4.51%(P>0.05)和4.62%(P>0.05);(3)添加不同浓度的延胡索酸在不同程度上提高了日粮中养分的表观消化率(P>0.05),酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率较对照组分别提高1.17%(P>0.05),1.62%(P>0.05)和2.45%(P>0.05),粗蛋白的表观消化率较对照组分别提高1.68%(P>0.05),1.07%(P>0.05)和1.90%(P>0.05);(4)延胡索酸的添加对乳脂率、乳脂量、乳蛋白率、乳糖、乳尿素氮、非脂固形物量均有所提高(P>0.05),其中,乳蛋白量较对照组分别提高3.17%(P>0.05),4.76%(P>0.05)和6.35%(P<0.05),乳糖量较对照组(0.89kg/d)分别提高4.49%(P>0.05),5.62%(P<0.05)和6.74%(P<0.05);(5)日粮中添加不同浓度的延胡索酸对奶牛的血液指标都有不同程度的影响。其中日粮添加40g/d、80 g/d或120 g/d延胡索酸使奶牛血清中的乳酸含量较对照组分别降低0.13mmol/L(P<0.05) ,0.13mmol/L(P<0.05),0.11mmol/L(P<0.05)。延胡索酸的添加使奶牛的血清葡萄糖和尿素氮的浓度下降,其中血糖浓度分别降低了0.22mmol/L(P>0.05)、0.25mmol/L(P>0.05)、0.29mmol/L(P>0.05) ;尿素氮的浓度分别降低了0.15mmol/L(P>0.05)、0.01mmol/L(P>0.05)、0.14mmol/L(P>0.05)。但对奶牛血液中的甘油三酯、总胆固醇、乳酸脱氢酶等的浓度无显著影响(P>0.05)。(6)日粮中添加40g/d、80g/d和120g/d延胡索酸均提高了经济效益,分别提高1.92元/头·日、1.93元/头·日、1.51元/头·日。
第二部分日粮添加延胡索酸对奶牛甲烷产量的影响
试验选择4头生长发育正常,体重(650±50kg/头)相同或相似、食欲良好、体况良好,健康无病的处于干奶期的中国荷斯坦奶牛,采用4×4重复拉丁方设计。日粮处理包括:A组为对照组(仅饲喂基础日粮),B组、C组和D组为试验组,分别在基础日粮基础上添加40g/d,80g/d或120g/d延胡索酸。试验分四期,每期15d。
试验结果表明,日粮中添加延胡索酸降低了奶牛瘤胃中甲烷的产量,其中,试验组较对照组分别降低了6.51%(P<0.01),12.44%(P<0.01)和7.36%(P<0.01)。
综合评定试验结果认为,奶牛日粮中添加延胡索酸,可以提高奶牛的干物质采食量及营养物质的表观消化率,提高生产性能,改善奶品质,同时降低了甲烷产量。
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of fumaric acid on the performance, metabolic parameters, blood index and methane emission and the optimal dose of Holstein cows during mid and late lactatation period. This dissertation included the following two sections:
Section one: The effect of dietary fumaric acid supplement on performance,digestive and metabolism parameters and blood index of dairy cows.
Single factor randomized block experimental design was adopted. Twenty multiparous healthly Chinese Holstein cows in mid and late lactatation period with similar milk yield and parturition date were selected and assigned randomly into 4 groups each with 5 replicates. The fumaric acid contents in the experimental ration were dividedly 0g/d, 40 g/d, 80 g/d or 120 g/d of the concentrate. The experiment lasted 45 days.
The results indicated that: (1) Dry matter intake (DMI) and the feed efficiency (4%FCM/DMI) were unaffected by diet (P>0.05);(2) The milk yields (fumaric acid supplement at 40g/d, 80g/d or 120g/d, separately) were respectively higher 3.49%(P>0.05), 3.70%(P>0.05), 4.23%(P>0.05) than that of the control group; FCM yield was separately increased 4.62%(P>0.05), 4.51%(P>0.05), 4.62%(P>0.05) than the control diet, but no significant difference appeared among the treatment groups(P>0.05); (3) The apparent digestibility of nutrients tended to be higher with fumaric acid supplement(P>0.05), but no significant difference was found among the treatment groups (P>0.05); (4) The percentages of milk fat, protein, lactose, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and the yield of non-fat solid tended to increase by diet (P>0.05).The yield of protein were increased 3.17%(P>0.05), 4.76%(P>0.05) or 6.35%(P<0.05), and the yield of lactose were increased 4.49%(P>0.05), 5.62%(P<0.05), 6.74%(P<0.05) for cows with fumaric acid supplement than the control group; (5) Fumaric acid supplement separately decreased the content of serum LD, sugar(GLU), urea nitrogen(BUN). Comparing with the control group, the serum LD content was seperatelly decreased 0.13mmol/L(P<0.05), 0.13 mmol/L(P<0.05), 0.11mmol/L(P<0.05); the serum sugar content was seperatelly decreased 0.22mmol/L(P>0.05),0.25mmol/L(P>0.05), 0.29mmol/L(P>0.05) ; The serum urea nitrogen content was decreased 0.15mmol/L(P>0.05), 0.01mmol/L(P>0.05), or 0.14mmol/L(P>0.05).But the contents of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(CHO) and lactic dehydrogenase(LDH-L) in serum were not influenced (P>0.05).(6) The income of feeding a cow was separately increased 1.92 RMB/d, 1.93RMB/d or 1.51RMB/d with fumaric acid supplement at the dose of 40g/d, 80g/d or 120g/d.
Section two: The effect of different levels fumaric acid supplement on methane emission of dairy cows.
Four primiparous healthly Holstein Dry cow were selected in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design, and were assigned randomly into 4 groups. Fumaric acid contents in the experimental ration were dividedly 0g/d, 40 g/d, 80 g/d or 120 g/d of the concentrate. There were four 15-d periods. The results indicated that methane emission (fumaric acid supplement at 40g/d, 80g/d or 120g/d, separately) were separately decreased 6.51%(P<0.01), 12.44%(P<0.01), 7.36%(P<0.01)than the control group.
Therefore, supplementing fumaric acid in diet could increase DMI, apparent digestibility, performance and milk quality, while reduce methane emission.
引文
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