缓蚀剂插层类水滑石/氧化物材料用于镁合金防腐研究
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摘要
镁及其合金具有密度低、比强度高和硬度高等优良的物理及机械性能,可以作为一些轻量化工程应用的理想结构材料。但镁合金耐蚀性较低,使其应用受到限制。一种可用于镁合金腐蚀防护的策略是使用有机涂层。有机涂层以服务周期长、工艺简单、性能稳定等独有优势被广泛使用。底漆层(Primer)作为有机涂层的一种,是腐蚀抑制颜料的储存器,起到极其重要的防腐作用;这些腐蚀抑制颜料在与电解液接触时会释放缓蚀剂实现对缺陷涂层和基体的防腐蚀保护。传统上使用的、也是最有效的铬酸盐颜料是严重的致癌物。寻找环境友好、无毒、可以与铬酸盐防腐性能相匹配的颜料一直是广大科学研究者努力的方向。
本文以提高镁合金材料的耐腐蚀性能为主要目的,选用具有优异的离子可交换性能的片状水滑石作为防腐颜料在AZ31镁合金、Mg-Li合金表面涂敷环氧底漆。鉴于钼酸盐(MoO_4~(2-))和十钒酸盐([V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-))优越的缓蚀性,分别将MoO_4~(2-)和[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-)作为层间阴离子合成了Mg/Al-MoO_4~(2-)、Zn/Al-M1O_4~(2-)、Zn/Al-[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-)系列缓蚀剂插层类水滑石材料。通过ICP和UV-vis等方法测试所合成的类水滑石材料的吸附和离子可交换性,即吸附强腐蚀性氯离子,释放缓蚀性阴离子。通过动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)评价了水滑石的腐蚀抑制作用及水滑石/环氧涂层的耐腐蚀性能;并深入探讨了Mg/Al-MoO_4~(2-)、Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)、Zn/Al-[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-)的防腐机理。结果表明这些类水滑石首先与强腐蚀性Cl~-发生离子交换释放缓蚀剂,以及对Cl~-吸附的行为使其可以为镁合金提供腐蚀抑制作用。
针对纳米ZnO所具有的许多独特性能,如抗菌、耐老化、屏蔽紫外线、易于颜料分散稳定及提高涂层的致密性等特征,其已广泛应用于涂料中。本论文在合成MoO_4~(2-)插层类水滑石的基础上,探索了在锌铝水滑石中原位生成纳米级ZnO粒子的反应条件,及其对涂层防护性能的改善。
全文主要包括以下几个方面内容:
(1)首先对比研究了钼酸盐在酸性与碱性条件下,分别以[Mo_7O_(24)]~(6-)和MoO_4~(2-)存在时对镁合金腐蚀抑制的效果,采用EDS分析了合金表面各元素的含量,发现MoO_4~(2-)对镁合金有更好的腐蚀抑制效果。采用共沉淀一步反应法,将MoO_4~(2-)插入镁铝水滑石层间,探讨了其离子交换性和吸附动力学特征。针对其释放MoO_4~(2-)和吸附Cl~-的性能,通过动电位极化曲线、EIS研究了对镁合金的有效防腐蚀保护,结果表明:以20%比例添加于环氧涂层时防腐蚀性能最佳;随纳米水滑石添加量的增加,涂层的抗渗性能下降。
(2)设计合成了同时具有MoO_4~(2-)和Zn~(2+)双组份缓蚀剂的MoO_4~(2-)插层锌铝水滑石,通过ICP、EDS、UV-vis、XRD、N_2吸附-脱附等温线等检测手段探讨其离子可交换性,通过动电位极化曲线和EIS考察了MoO_4~(2-)与Zn~(2+)组合作为双组份混合型缓蚀剂对镁合金的腐蚀抑制作用,并深入探讨了MoO_4~(2-)与Zn~(2+)组合对镁合金的防腐机理,结果一致表明:同时具有MoO_4~(2-)和Zn~(2+)双组份缓蚀剂的Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)样品对镁合金的防腐效果优于Mg/Al-MoO_4~(2-)样品。
(3)采用共沉淀一步反应法,在酸性条件下将缓蚀性[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-)插入锌铝水滑石层间,TEM照片显示合成的片状Zn/Al-[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-)具有更小的粒径尺寸。ICP、EDS、UV-vis、XRD、N_2吸附-脱附等温线等检测结果表明此材料具有吸附和离子可交换性;电化学试验结果显示此材料对镁合金具有良好的腐蚀防护性能,其实现防腐的机理为通过离子交换和吸附减少Cl~-渗透到达涂层/基底界面的数量,以及交换出来的钒酸盐吸附在合金表面共同作用的结果。
(4)在合成Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)基础上,通过控制Zn~(2+)与Al~(3+)的比例,反应温度和pH值,在Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)中原位生成纳米ZnO。对合成的ZnO/Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征,XRD和TEM测试结果显示样品具有完整的水滑石层状结构,原位生成的ZnO晶粒生长良好,结晶度高。通过动电位极化曲线、EIS、盐雾试验、涂层吸水试验,对比研究了此复合材料与纳米ZnO,Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)及SrCrO_4作为环氧涂层体系防腐颜料的防护性能,结果表明:纳米ZnO的存在,使ZnO/Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)/环氧涂层的耐腐蚀性、抗介质渗透和活性修复能力明显优于其他涂层,具有比SrCrO_4更长效的防护性能,为开发环境友好的新型双功能防腐颜料提供了参考依据。
Magnesium and its alloys have the advantages of low density and high strength/weight ratio and other good physical and mechanical characteristics,can be used as ideal structural materials in the light-weight engineering applications. However,the applications of magnesium alloy were limited due to their susceptible corrosion.One strategy to achieve corrosion protection is through use of a organic coating system.Due to long service life,simple technics,steady performance and other acceptable performance,organic coatings have been currently applied in corrosion resistance.A primer layer is an organic coating and it supplements corrosion protection by serving as a reservoir for corrosion inhibiting pigments.These pigment on contact with an aqueous electrolyte release inhibitor that provide active corrosion protection to defects in the coating and substrate.Conventionally chromate pigments hold the best anticorrosion efficiency and have been used widely,but they are carcinogenic.Great efforts have been made to obtain non-toxic anticorrosive pigments.Moreover,it is needed to develop the environment-friendly pigment that would provide at least the same or better corrosion inhibiting properties than chromate.
In order to enhance corrosion resistance of these Mg-based materials, protective coatings were prepared on AZ31 Mg alloy and Mg-Li alloy surface by coated epoxy primer containing sheet hydyotalcites as anticorrosion pigment with excellent ion-exchange capabilities.In view of the excellent anticorrosion performance of molybdate and vanadates,the intercalation of MoO_4~(2-) and [V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-) into the interlayer of hydrotalcites were designed,and a series of inhibitor intercalated hydrotalcite-like compounds including Mg/Al-MoO_4~(2-)、Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)、Zn/Al-[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-) were synthesized.The properties of the release of inhibitor and the ion-exchangeability with chloride ion were observed and analyzed using EDS,ICP and UV-vis.Corrosion resistance of hydrotalcites and anticorrosion performance of hydrotalcites/epoxy coatings were evaluated by polarization curves and EIS;.and the anticorrosion mechanism of these hydrotalcite materials were also presented in this dissertation.The result was demonstrated that these hydrotalcite-like compounds firstly produced released inhibitor by exchanging with aggressive Cl~- and adsorbed Cl~- which can provide appreciable corrosion resistance to Mg alloys during experiment.
Nano-ZnO hold many particular performance,such as antibacterial,antiaging, shielded ultraviolet radiation,dispersion steadily and improving compactness of coating,ect,and for this reason it has been widely used in the paint industry as pigment.Based on the synthesized inhibitor intercalated hydrotalcite-like compounds,the preparation methods about in-situ created nano ZnO among Zn,Al hyrotalcite were studied in this paper.the protection performance of coating was also inverstigated.
Several contributions should be mentioned in the follows:
Experimental section 1.Firstly,the contrastive research of the[Mo_7O_(24)]~(6-) and MoO_4~(2-) efficiency of corrosion resistance were investigated using EDS to analyze the content of each element of the surface of Mg alloy.It is found that the efficiency of corrosion resistance of MoO_4~(2-) are better than that of[Mo_7O_(24)]~(6-). Then,MoO_4~(2-) intercalated Mg/Al hydrotalcite were synthesized via one-step co-precipitation method.The ion-exchangeable and adsorptive kinetics of Mg/Al-MoO_4~(2-) hydrotalcite were studied.Concerning with the properties of the releasing MoO_4~(2-) and adsorbing Cl~-,the effective anticorrosion protection of hydrotalcites were evaluated by polarization curves and EIS.The results show that the best corrosion resitance is achieved when Mg/Al- MoO_4~(2-) powers are added into epoxy with 20%mass ratio;the penetrability of coating decreased as the content of the hydrotalcite increased.
Experimental section 2.MoO_4~(2-) intercalated Zn/Al hydrotalcite were prepared which embodied double inhibitor of MoO_4~(2-) and Zn~(2+).The ion-exchangeability were studied using ICP、EDS、UV-vis、XRD and N_2 adsorption-desorption isotherm,and the function of corrosion resistance to the combination of the MoO_4~(2-) and Zn~(2+) as the double mixed inhibitor were reviewed using polarization curves and EIS.The mechanism of corrosion protection of MoO_4~(2-) and Zn~(2+) was discussed.The results indicate conformably that Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-) hold better resistance performance than that Mg/Al-MoO_4~(2-),which can improve corrosion resistance of Mg alloy due to embody MoO_4~(2-) and Zn~(2+) inhibitor.
Experimental section 3.The intercalation of[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-) into Zn/Al hydrotalcite interlayer were synthesized via one-step co-precipitation method at acidic reaction condition.TEM images show that the sheet Zn/Al-[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-) has less particle size compared with Mg/Al-MoO_4~(2-) and Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-) hydrotalcites. The ion-exchange and adsorption properties of Zn/Al-[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-) were well characterized by ICP、EDS、UV-vis、XRD and N_2 adsorption-sdesorption isotherm. The excellent corrosion resistance performance of Zn/Al-[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-) were revealed by electrochemical test.The mechanism of corrosion protection was proposed to be that the Cl~- ions intercalated the hydrotalcite interlayer and the released vanadate deposited on the alloy surface.
Experimental section 4.Based on the synthesized Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-),nano ZnO were prepared by in-situ created among Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-).The preparation conditions were controled with the ratio between Zn~(2+)and Al~(3+),reactive temperature and pH values in this paper.This work presents the comparative corrosion protection performance of the coating containing ZnO/Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-) with the coatings containing nano ZnO,HT-MoO_4~(2-) or SrCrO_4 using polarization curves,EIS,salt spray test and uptake.Results indicate that the existence of the nano ZnO make the coating containing ZnO/Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-) possess of higher corrosion resistant,barrier and active healing property.Additionally,the coating containing ZnO/Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-) have longer anticorrosion protection than that of SrCrO_4.That provided the references for developing the environment-friendly and new type pigments.
本文以提高镁合金材料的耐腐蚀性能为主要目的,选用具有优异的离子可交换性能的片状水滑石作为防腐颜料在AZ31镁合金、Mg-Li合金表面涂敷环氧底漆。鉴于钼酸盐(MoO_4~(2-))和十钒酸盐([V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-))优越的缓蚀性,分别将MoO_4~(2-)和[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-)作为层间阴离子合成了Mg/Al-MoO_4~(2-)、Zn/Al-M1O_4~(2-)、Zn/Al-[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-)系列缓蚀剂插层类水滑石材料。通过ICP和UV-vis等方法测试所合成的类水滑石材料的吸附和离子可交换性,即吸附强腐蚀性氯离子,释放缓蚀性阴离子。通过动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)评价了水滑石的腐蚀抑制作用及水滑石/环氧涂层的耐腐蚀性能;并深入探讨了Mg/Al-MoO_4~(2-)、Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)、Zn/Al-[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-)的防腐机理。结果表明这些类水滑石首先与强腐蚀性Cl~-发生离子交换释放缓蚀剂,以及对Cl~-吸附的行为使其可以为镁合金提供腐蚀抑制作用。
针对纳米ZnO所具有的许多独特性能,如抗菌、耐老化、屏蔽紫外线、易于颜料分散稳定及提高涂层的致密性等特征,其已广泛应用于涂料中。本论文在合成MoO_4~(2-)插层类水滑石的基础上,探索了在锌铝水滑石中原位生成纳米级ZnO粒子的反应条件,及其对涂层防护性能的改善。
全文主要包括以下几个方面内容:
(1)首先对比研究了钼酸盐在酸性与碱性条件下,分别以[Mo_7O_(24)]~(6-)和MoO_4~(2-)存在时对镁合金腐蚀抑制的效果,采用EDS分析了合金表面各元素的含量,发现MoO_4~(2-)对镁合金有更好的腐蚀抑制效果。采用共沉淀一步反应法,将MoO_4~(2-)插入镁铝水滑石层间,探讨了其离子交换性和吸附动力学特征。针对其释放MoO_4~(2-)和吸附Cl~-的性能,通过动电位极化曲线、EIS研究了对镁合金的有效防腐蚀保护,结果表明:以20%比例添加于环氧涂层时防腐蚀性能最佳;随纳米水滑石添加量的增加,涂层的抗渗性能下降。
(2)设计合成了同时具有MoO_4~(2-)和Zn~(2+)双组份缓蚀剂的MoO_4~(2-)插层锌铝水滑石,通过ICP、EDS、UV-vis、XRD、N_2吸附-脱附等温线等检测手段探讨其离子可交换性,通过动电位极化曲线和EIS考察了MoO_4~(2-)与Zn~(2+)组合作为双组份混合型缓蚀剂对镁合金的腐蚀抑制作用,并深入探讨了MoO_4~(2-)与Zn~(2+)组合对镁合金的防腐机理,结果一致表明:同时具有MoO_4~(2-)和Zn~(2+)双组份缓蚀剂的Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)样品对镁合金的防腐效果优于Mg/Al-MoO_4~(2-)样品。
(3)采用共沉淀一步反应法,在酸性条件下将缓蚀性[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-)插入锌铝水滑石层间,TEM照片显示合成的片状Zn/Al-[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-)具有更小的粒径尺寸。ICP、EDS、UV-vis、XRD、N_2吸附-脱附等温线等检测结果表明此材料具有吸附和离子可交换性;电化学试验结果显示此材料对镁合金具有良好的腐蚀防护性能,其实现防腐的机理为通过离子交换和吸附减少Cl~-渗透到达涂层/基底界面的数量,以及交换出来的钒酸盐吸附在合金表面共同作用的结果。
(4)在合成Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)基础上,通过控制Zn~(2+)与Al~(3+)的比例,反应温度和pH值,在Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)中原位生成纳米ZnO。对合成的ZnO/Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征,XRD和TEM测试结果显示样品具有完整的水滑石层状结构,原位生成的ZnO晶粒生长良好,结晶度高。通过动电位极化曲线、EIS、盐雾试验、涂层吸水试验,对比研究了此复合材料与纳米ZnO,Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)及SrCrO_4作为环氧涂层体系防腐颜料的防护性能,结果表明:纳米ZnO的存在,使ZnO/Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)/环氧涂层的耐腐蚀性、抗介质渗透和活性修复能力明显优于其他涂层,具有比SrCrO_4更长效的防护性能,为开发环境友好的新型双功能防腐颜料提供了参考依据。
Magnesium and its alloys have the advantages of low density and high strength/weight ratio and other good physical and mechanical characteristics,can be used as ideal structural materials in the light-weight engineering applications. However,the applications of magnesium alloy were limited due to their susceptible corrosion.One strategy to achieve corrosion protection is through use of a organic coating system.Due to long service life,simple technics,steady performance and other acceptable performance,organic coatings have been currently applied in corrosion resistance.A primer layer is an organic coating and it supplements corrosion protection by serving as a reservoir for corrosion inhibiting pigments.These pigment on contact with an aqueous electrolyte release inhibitor that provide active corrosion protection to defects in the coating and substrate.Conventionally chromate pigments hold the best anticorrosion efficiency and have been used widely,but they are carcinogenic.Great efforts have been made to obtain non-toxic anticorrosive pigments.Moreover,it is needed to develop the environment-friendly pigment that would provide at least the same or better corrosion inhibiting properties than chromate.
In order to enhance corrosion resistance of these Mg-based materials, protective coatings were prepared on AZ31 Mg alloy and Mg-Li alloy surface by coated epoxy primer containing sheet hydyotalcites as anticorrosion pigment with excellent ion-exchange capabilities.In view of the excellent anticorrosion performance of molybdate and vanadates,the intercalation of MoO_4~(2-) and [V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-) into the interlayer of hydrotalcites were designed,and a series of inhibitor intercalated hydrotalcite-like compounds including Mg/Al-MoO_4~(2-)、Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-)、Zn/Al-[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-) were synthesized.The properties of the release of inhibitor and the ion-exchangeability with chloride ion were observed and analyzed using EDS,ICP and UV-vis.Corrosion resistance of hydrotalcites and anticorrosion performance of hydrotalcites/epoxy coatings were evaluated by polarization curves and EIS;.and the anticorrosion mechanism of these hydrotalcite materials were also presented in this dissertation.The result was demonstrated that these hydrotalcite-like compounds firstly produced released inhibitor by exchanging with aggressive Cl~- and adsorbed Cl~- which can provide appreciable corrosion resistance to Mg alloys during experiment.
Nano-ZnO hold many particular performance,such as antibacterial,antiaging, shielded ultraviolet radiation,dispersion steadily and improving compactness of coating,ect,and for this reason it has been widely used in the paint industry as pigment.Based on the synthesized inhibitor intercalated hydrotalcite-like compounds,the preparation methods about in-situ created nano ZnO among Zn,Al hyrotalcite were studied in this paper.the protection performance of coating was also inverstigated.
Several contributions should be mentioned in the follows:
Experimental section 1.Firstly,the contrastive research of the[Mo_7O_(24)]~(6-) and MoO_4~(2-) efficiency of corrosion resistance were investigated using EDS to analyze the content of each element of the surface of Mg alloy.It is found that the efficiency of corrosion resistance of MoO_4~(2-) are better than that of[Mo_7O_(24)]~(6-). Then,MoO_4~(2-) intercalated Mg/Al hydrotalcite were synthesized via one-step co-precipitation method.The ion-exchangeable and adsorptive kinetics of Mg/Al-MoO_4~(2-) hydrotalcite were studied.Concerning with the properties of the releasing MoO_4~(2-) and adsorbing Cl~-,the effective anticorrosion protection of hydrotalcites were evaluated by polarization curves and EIS.The results show that the best corrosion resitance is achieved when Mg/Al- MoO_4~(2-) powers are added into epoxy with 20%mass ratio;the penetrability of coating decreased as the content of the hydrotalcite increased.
Experimental section 2.MoO_4~(2-) intercalated Zn/Al hydrotalcite were prepared which embodied double inhibitor of MoO_4~(2-) and Zn~(2+).The ion-exchangeability were studied using ICP、EDS、UV-vis、XRD and N_2 adsorption-desorption isotherm,and the function of corrosion resistance to the combination of the MoO_4~(2-) and Zn~(2+) as the double mixed inhibitor were reviewed using polarization curves and EIS.The mechanism of corrosion protection of MoO_4~(2-) and Zn~(2+) was discussed.The results indicate conformably that Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-) hold better resistance performance than that Mg/Al-MoO_4~(2-),which can improve corrosion resistance of Mg alloy due to embody MoO_4~(2-) and Zn~(2+) inhibitor.
Experimental section 3.The intercalation of[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-) into Zn/Al hydrotalcite interlayer were synthesized via one-step co-precipitation method at acidic reaction condition.TEM images show that the sheet Zn/Al-[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-) has less particle size compared with Mg/Al-MoO_4~(2-) and Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-) hydrotalcites. The ion-exchange and adsorption properties of Zn/Al-[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-) were well characterized by ICP、EDS、UV-vis、XRD and N_2 adsorption-sdesorption isotherm. The excellent corrosion resistance performance of Zn/Al-[V_(10)O_(28)]~(6-) were revealed by electrochemical test.The mechanism of corrosion protection was proposed to be that the Cl~- ions intercalated the hydrotalcite interlayer and the released vanadate deposited on the alloy surface.
Experimental section 4.Based on the synthesized Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-),nano ZnO were prepared by in-situ created among Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-).The preparation conditions were controled with the ratio between Zn~(2+)and Al~(3+),reactive temperature and pH values in this paper.This work presents the comparative corrosion protection performance of the coating containing ZnO/Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-) with the coatings containing nano ZnO,HT-MoO_4~(2-) or SrCrO_4 using polarization curves,EIS,salt spray test and uptake.Results indicate that the existence of the nano ZnO make the coating containing ZnO/Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-) possess of higher corrosion resistant,barrier and active healing property.Additionally,the coating containing ZnO/Zn/Al-MoO_4~(2-) have longer anticorrosion protection than that of SrCrO_4.That provided the references for developing the environment-friendly and new type pigments.
引文
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