液相微萃取在中药呋喃香豆素成分分析及药物蛋白结合参数测定中的应用
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摘要
目的以4种呋喃香豆素化合物为萃取对象,探讨中空纤维液相微萃取(HFLPME)和分散液相微萃取(DLLME)两种样品前处理方法的萃取机理；并与高效液相色谱(HPLC)结合对两种萃取方式进行可行性比较。
方法对HFLPME和DLLME实验条件包括中空纤维种类、萃取溶剂、溶剂体积、萃取时间、搅拌速度等进行优化,比较二者的萃取效果和萃取时间、净化、准确度和可操控性等。
结果在优化的实验条件下,用HFLPME/HPLC和DLLME/HPLC对4种呋喃香豆素化合物(补骨脂素、氧化前胡素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素)进行测定。富集倍数分别在12.2-18.5倍和11.6-21.6倍,检测限分别在1.2-5.0μg/L和1.0-3.0μg/L,RSD均小于6.2%。两种方法对4种呋喃香豆素化合物的萃取效果没有显著的不同。
结论两种萃取方式的富集倍数、准确度和精密度均好,对弱极性化合物有良好的萃取效率等。两种萃取方式的不同在于HFLPME容易操作,比较稳定；DLLME耗时较短,无需专门的萃取材料；与HFLPME相比,DLLME萃取时间极短,适用于实验室中批处理样品；而HFLPME由于中空纤维的化学结构对化合物的选择性,使HFLPME对复杂基质样品的净化能力强；测定补骨脂素和氧化前胡素的线性范围较DLLME宽,而异欧前胡素的线性范围较之窄；HFLPME和DLLME分析中药中4种化合物的平均回收率分别在90.8%-106.5%和97.2.1%-106.1%；两种萃取方法获得较高的富集倍数,检测出了中药白芷及其制剂中微量成分补骨脂素。
目的建立中空纤维液相微萃取(HFLPME)-高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定中药中4种呋喃香豆素类化合物(补骨脂素、氧化前胡素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素)在牛血清白蛋白(BSA)中的总浓度及游离药物浓度的测定方法,分别计算出了4种成分与BSA的结合率,并利用Klotz方程计算出各自的结合参数。
方法利用中空纤维液相微萃取装置,分别取作为供相的样品溶液(蛋白溶液与空白溶液)于2 mL的玻璃管中,将注满接受相(正庚醇)的中空纤维管放置于样品溶液中,在转速1800rpm下萃取60min,收集接受相,高效液相色谱仪分析。
结果利用中空纤维液相微萃取法直接测定4种药物的蛋白结合率,结果表明两种或以上药物与蛋白作用时,相互之间的蛋白结合率没有影响。补骨脂素、氧化前胡素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素与蛋白的结合率分别为58%-62%,18%-21%,27%-33%和40%-48%,结果表明补骨脂素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素三者的蛋白结合率均较高,而氧化前胡素的蛋白结合率较低。4种药物成分与BSA的结合常数分别为1801、212、937.3、4025M-1,结合位点数分别为1.2、1.6、0.6和0.3。
结论本方法可以作为测定游离药物浓度,研究药物与蛋白结合的一种简单、快速、有效的方法。
Objective:Four kind of furocoumarin compounds have been selected as extraction object to explaining the extracted mechanism of hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HFLPME) and dispersive liquid liquid microextraction (DLLME). Two sample preparation methods, in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been critically compared for analytical performance in this paper.
Method:The experimental conditions including hollow fiber, extraction solvent, solvent volume, extraction time, stirring rate in both mocroextraction techniques have been examined, and comparison through extraction efficiency, extraction time, purity, accuracy and operation were carried out.
Results:Under the optimal experimental conditions, two methods have been developed to determine four furocoumarin compounds. No obvious difference was observed except extraction time. The enrichment factors ranged from 12.2 to 18.5 and 11.6 to 21.6 folds for HFLPME and DLLME, respectively, and the limits of detection for four compounds (psoralen, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin, isoimperatorin) by HFLPME/HPLC and DLLME/HPLC were ranged from 1.2 to 5.0 ng.L-1 and 1.0 to 3.0 ng.L-1, respectively. RSD<6.2%.
Conclusion:Both methods were found to be simple, highly accuracy and precision, applied to extract weak polarit compounds. Compared with DLLME, HFLPME was easier to operate and more stable. While DLLME was much shorter time required to reach extraction equilibrium and no more special materials required. DLLME technique was less extraction time, and suitable for batches of samples pretreatment simultaneousl. HFLPME was stronger purification for multiplicity material by the selectivity of chemical structure properties of HF. For analysis of four compounds, the linear ranges of psoralen and oxypeucedanin were wider for HFLPME, but isoimperatorin was narrower than DLLME. The average recovery of 90.8%-106.5%and 97.2.1%-106.1%were obtained for HFLPME and DLLME, respectively. Because of both methods were higher extraction effficiency, psoralen as trace constitute in traditional Chinese medicine Radix angelicae dahurica was detected.
Objectives:Four furocoumarin drugs were investigated as a model system:psoralen, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin and isoimperatorin. A hollow fiber liquid-liquid phase microextraction (HFLLPME) method, in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was applied to measure the free drug concentration in protein solution. A Klotz plot was employed for characterizing drug binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA).
Methods:In the microextraction setup, the donor phase (protein or blank) was placed in a 2 mL vial into which was immersed the hollow fiber with the acceptor phase (n-heptitol) situated in the lumen. The microextraction was optimized for 60 min with 1800 rpm stirring. The analytes were extracted by LPME system and analyzed by HPLC.
Results:The percents of drug-protein binding of four furocoumarin compounds were determined directly by hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction. The results suggested that the percent of drug-protein binding did not completely dependent on the total concentrations of drug and protein. The four furocoumarin drugs did not compete for binding sites of protein, and the percent of binding for each drug could be determined simultaneously by HFLLPME. The percents of binding for psoralen, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin and isoimperatorin to protein were 58%-62%,18%-21%,27%-33%and 40%-48%, respectively. The parameters of binding were estimated by Klotz linear regression analyses. The numbers of binding sites for psoralen, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin and isoimperatorin were 1.2,1.6,0.6 and 0.3, respectively. The binding constants were 1801,212,937.3 and 4025 M-1, respectively.
Conclusion:This developed method presents a new, simple, improved and effective way for the determination of free drug concentration in protein solution, and it extends to the determination of drug-protein binding parameters, as well.
方法对HFLPME和DLLME实验条件包括中空纤维种类、萃取溶剂、溶剂体积、萃取时间、搅拌速度等进行优化,比较二者的萃取效果和萃取时间、净化、准确度和可操控性等。
结果在优化的实验条件下,用HFLPME/HPLC和DLLME/HPLC对4种呋喃香豆素化合物(补骨脂素、氧化前胡素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素)进行测定。富集倍数分别在12.2-18.5倍和11.6-21.6倍,检测限分别在1.2-5.0μg/L和1.0-3.0μg/L,RSD均小于6.2%。两种方法对4种呋喃香豆素化合物的萃取效果没有显著的不同。
结论两种萃取方式的富集倍数、准确度和精密度均好,对弱极性化合物有良好的萃取效率等。两种萃取方式的不同在于HFLPME容易操作,比较稳定；DLLME耗时较短,无需专门的萃取材料；与HFLPME相比,DLLME萃取时间极短,适用于实验室中批处理样品；而HFLPME由于中空纤维的化学结构对化合物的选择性,使HFLPME对复杂基质样品的净化能力强；测定补骨脂素和氧化前胡素的线性范围较DLLME宽,而异欧前胡素的线性范围较之窄；HFLPME和DLLME分析中药中4种化合物的平均回收率分别在90.8%-106.5%和97.2.1%-106.1%；两种萃取方法获得较高的富集倍数,检测出了中药白芷及其制剂中微量成分补骨脂素。
目的建立中空纤维液相微萃取(HFLPME)-高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定中药中4种呋喃香豆素类化合物(补骨脂素、氧化前胡素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素)在牛血清白蛋白(BSA)中的总浓度及游离药物浓度的测定方法,分别计算出了4种成分与BSA的结合率,并利用Klotz方程计算出各自的结合参数。
方法利用中空纤维液相微萃取装置,分别取作为供相的样品溶液(蛋白溶液与空白溶液)于2 mL的玻璃管中,将注满接受相(正庚醇)的中空纤维管放置于样品溶液中,在转速1800rpm下萃取60min,收集接受相,高效液相色谱仪分析。
结果利用中空纤维液相微萃取法直接测定4种药物的蛋白结合率,结果表明两种或以上药物与蛋白作用时,相互之间的蛋白结合率没有影响。补骨脂素、氧化前胡素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素与蛋白的结合率分别为58%-62%,18%-21%,27%-33%和40%-48%,结果表明补骨脂素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素三者的蛋白结合率均较高,而氧化前胡素的蛋白结合率较低。4种药物成分与BSA的结合常数分别为1801、212、937.3、4025M-1,结合位点数分别为1.2、1.6、0.6和0.3。
结论本方法可以作为测定游离药物浓度,研究药物与蛋白结合的一种简单、快速、有效的方法。
Objective:Four kind of furocoumarin compounds have been selected as extraction object to explaining the extracted mechanism of hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HFLPME) and dispersive liquid liquid microextraction (DLLME). Two sample preparation methods, in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been critically compared for analytical performance in this paper.
Method:The experimental conditions including hollow fiber, extraction solvent, solvent volume, extraction time, stirring rate in both mocroextraction techniques have been examined, and comparison through extraction efficiency, extraction time, purity, accuracy and operation were carried out.
Results:Under the optimal experimental conditions, two methods have been developed to determine four furocoumarin compounds. No obvious difference was observed except extraction time. The enrichment factors ranged from 12.2 to 18.5 and 11.6 to 21.6 folds for HFLPME and DLLME, respectively, and the limits of detection for four compounds (psoralen, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin, isoimperatorin) by HFLPME/HPLC and DLLME/HPLC were ranged from 1.2 to 5.0 ng.L-1 and 1.0 to 3.0 ng.L-1, respectively. RSD<6.2%.
Conclusion:Both methods were found to be simple, highly accuracy and precision, applied to extract weak polarit compounds. Compared with DLLME, HFLPME was easier to operate and more stable. While DLLME was much shorter time required to reach extraction equilibrium and no more special materials required. DLLME technique was less extraction time, and suitable for batches of samples pretreatment simultaneousl. HFLPME was stronger purification for multiplicity material by the selectivity of chemical structure properties of HF. For analysis of four compounds, the linear ranges of psoralen and oxypeucedanin were wider for HFLPME, but isoimperatorin was narrower than DLLME. The average recovery of 90.8%-106.5%and 97.2.1%-106.1%were obtained for HFLPME and DLLME, respectively. Because of both methods were higher extraction effficiency, psoralen as trace constitute in traditional Chinese medicine Radix angelicae dahurica was detected.
Objectives:Four furocoumarin drugs were investigated as a model system:psoralen, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin and isoimperatorin. A hollow fiber liquid-liquid phase microextraction (HFLLPME) method, in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was applied to measure the free drug concentration in protein solution. A Klotz plot was employed for characterizing drug binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA).
Methods:In the microextraction setup, the donor phase (protein or blank) was placed in a 2 mL vial into which was immersed the hollow fiber with the acceptor phase (n-heptitol) situated in the lumen. The microextraction was optimized for 60 min with 1800 rpm stirring. The analytes were extracted by LPME system and analyzed by HPLC.
Results:The percents of drug-protein binding of four furocoumarin compounds were determined directly by hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction. The results suggested that the percent of drug-protein binding did not completely dependent on the total concentrations of drug and protein. The four furocoumarin drugs did not compete for binding sites of protein, and the percent of binding for each drug could be determined simultaneously by HFLLPME. The percents of binding for psoralen, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin and isoimperatorin to protein were 58%-62%,18%-21%,27%-33%and 40%-48%, respectively. The parameters of binding were estimated by Klotz linear regression analyses. The numbers of binding sites for psoralen, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin and isoimperatorin were 1.2,1.6,0.6 and 0.3, respectively. The binding constants were 1801,212,937.3 and 4025 M-1, respectively.
Conclusion:This developed method presents a new, simple, improved and effective way for the determination of free drug concentration in protein solution, and it extends to the determination of drug-protein binding parameters, as well.
引文
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[1]Arthor C L, Pawlizyn J. Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1990,62 (19):2145-2150
[2]Jeannot M A, Cantwell F F. Solvent microextraction into a single drop[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1996,68 (13):2236-2240
[3]Mohammad Reza Khalili-Zanjania, Yadollah Yaminia, Najmeh Yazdanfar, et al. Extraction and determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples by a new liquid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-flame photometric detection[J]. Analytica chimica acta,2008,606 (2):202-208
[4]Jing-Shan Chiang, Shang-Da Huang. Determination of haloethers in water with dynamic hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction using GC-FID and GC-ECD[J]. Talanta,2007,71 (2):882-886
[5]Noriya Okanouchi, Hidehiro Honda, Rie Ito, et al. Determination of benzophenones in river-water samples using drop-based liquid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry[J]. Analytical Sciences,2008,24 (5):627-630
[6]Chaomei Xiong, Jinlan Ruan, Yaling Cai, et al. Extraction and determination of some psychotropic drugs in urine samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,2009,49 (2):572-578
[7]Rosa Busquets, Jan Ake Jonsson, Henrik Frandsen, et al. Hollow fibre-supported liquid membrane extraction and LC-MS/MS detection for the analysis of heterocyclic amines in urine samples[J]. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research,2009,53 (12):1496-1504
[8]Jingyi Lee, Hian Kee Lee, Knut E, et al. Environmental and bioanalytical applications of hollow fiber membrane liquid-phase microextraction:a review[J]. Analytical Chimica Acta, 2008,624 (2):253-268
[9]Maosheng Zhang, Jiarong Huang, Changlin Wei. Mixed liquids for single-drop microextraction of organochlorine pesticides in vegetables[J]. Talanta,2008,74 (4): 599-604
[10]Laura Farina, Eduardo Boido, Francisco Carrau, et al. Determination of volatile phenols in red wines by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2007,1157 (1-2):46-50
[11]Daneshfar Ali, Khezeli Tahere, Lotfi HJ. Determination of cholesterol in food samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by HPLC-UV[J]. Journal of. Chromatography B,2009,877 (4):456-460
[12]Jeannot MA, Cantwell FF. Solvent microextraction as a speciation tool:determination of free progesterone in a protein solution[J]. Anal Chem,1997,69(15):2935-2940
[13]Aquilera-Herrador E, Lucena R, Cardenas S, et al. Direct coupling of ionic liquid based single-drop microextraction and GC/MS[J]. Anal Chem.2008,80 (3):793-800
[14]Gang Shen, Hian Kee Lee. Headspace liquid-phase microextraction of chlorobenzenes in soil with gas chromatography-electron capture detection[J]. Anal Chem,2003,75 (1): 98-103
[15]Francisco Javier Pena Pereira, Carlos Bendicho, Nicolas Kalogerakis, et al. Headspace single drop microextraction of methylcopentadienyl -manganese tricarbonyl from water samples followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Talanta,2007,74 (1): 47-51
[16]Tzu-Feng Tsai, Maw-Rong Lee. Liquid-phase microextration combined with liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for detecting diuretics in urine[J]. Talanta,2008,75 (3):658-665
[17]Linbo Xia, Bin Hu, Yunli Wu. Hollow fiber liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the speciation of organomercury[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2007,1173(1-2):44-51
[18]Cheyi Lin, Shangda Huang. Application of liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid-chromatography for the determination of sulfonamides in water[J]. Analytica chimica acta,2008,612 (1):37-43
[19]Qin Xiao, Bin Hu, Jiankun Duan, et al. Analysis of PBDEs in soil, dust, spiked lake water, and human serum samples by hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction combined with GC-ICP-MS[J]. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry,2007,18 (10): 1740-1748
[20]Carmen Gal, Yongjun Zhang, Remus Nutiu. Application of flat polymer membrane microextraction for the continuous detection of trihalomethanes in aqueous matrices[J]. Analytical Sciences,2009,25 (3):419-424
[21]Zhaohui Zhang, Chenggong Zhang, Xiaoli Su, et al. Carrier-mediated liquid phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of illicit drugs in human urine[J]. Analytica chimica acta,2008,621 (2):185-192
[22]Shahab Shariati, Yadollah Yamini, Ali Esrafili. Carrie mediated hollow fiber liquid microextraction combined with HPLC-UV for preconcentration and determination of some tetracycline antibiotics[J]. Journal of Chromatography B,2009,877 (4):393-400
[23]Liu W, Lee HK. Continuous-flow microextraction exceeding 1000-fold concentration of dilute analytes[J]. Anal Chem,2000,72 (18):4462-4467
[24]Yan Liu, Yuki Hashi, Jinming Lin. Continuous-flow microextraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in water[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2007,585 (2):294-299
[25]Mir Ali Farajzadeh, Morteza Bahram, Jan Ake Jonsson. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection as an efficient and sensitive technique for determination of antioxidants[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2007,591 (1):169-179
[26]Qingxiang Zhou, Long Pang, Guohong Xie, et al. Determination of atrazine and simazine in environmental water samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Analytical Sciences,2009,25 (1):73-76
[27]Mahaveer B. Melwanki, Shang-Da Huang. Extraction of hydroxyaromatic compounds in river water by liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction with automated movement of the acceptor and the donor phase[J]. Journal of Separation Science,2006,29 (13):2078-2084
[28]Ali Sarafraz Yazdi, Zarrin Es'haghi. Liquid-liquid-liquid phase microextraction of armatic amines in water using crown ethers by high-performance liquid chromatography with monolithic column[J]. Talanta,2005,66 (3):664-669
[29]Jingfu Liu, Guibin Jiang, Yuguang Chi, et al. Use of ionic liquids for liquid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J]. Anal Chem,2003,75 (21): 5870-5876
[30]Jinfeng Peng, Jingfu Liu. Ionic liquid for high temperature headspace liquid-phase microextraction of chlorinated anilines in environment water samples[J]. Journal Chromatography A,2005,1072 (1):121-127
[31]Li Xu, Xiaoyang Gong, Hian Kee Lee, et al. Ion-pair liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction of nerve agent degradation products followed by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2008,1205 (1-2):158-162
[32]Pakorn Varanusupaku, Narongchai Vora-adisak, Bancha Pulpoka. In situ derivatization and hollow fiber membrane microextraction for gas chromatographic determination of haloacetic acids in water[J]. Analytical Chimical Acta,2007,598 (1):82-86
[33]Chuihui Deng, Xiuhan Yang, Xiangmin Zhang. Rapid determination of panaxynol in a traditional Chinese medicine Saposhnikovia divaricata by pressurized hot water extraction followed by liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Talanta,2005,68(1):6-11
[34]Chunhui Deng, Yu Maob, Fengli Hua, et al. Development of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following microwave distillation and simultaneous headspace single-drop microextraction for fast determination of volatile fraction in Chinese herb[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2007,1152 (1-2):193-198
[35]Chun Wang, Cairui Li, Xiaohuan Zang, et al. Hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction combined with on-line sweeping for trace analysis of Strychnos alkaloids in urine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2007, 1143:270-275
[36]白小红,杨雪,陈璇,等. 液相微萃取／后萃取-高效液相色谱法测定氧化苦参碱和苦参碱[J].分析化学,2008,36(2)：182-186
[37]Eleni M.Gioti, Dimitris c.Skalkos. Yiannis c.Fiamegos, et al. Single-drop liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of hypericin, pseudohypericin and hyperforin in biological fluids by high perfaormance liquid chromatofraphy[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2005,1093 (1-2):1-10
[38]王晓园,白小红,张红芬,等.液相微萃取／非水后萃取-高效液相色谱法测定大鼠体内厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的浓度[J].中国医院药学杂志,2008,28(10)：1028-1034
[39]王晓园,陈璇,白小红.苯丙酸类药物液相微萃取／后萃取萃取机理研究及应用[J].分析化学,2009,37(1)：35-40
[40]朱颖,陈璇,白小红.非水液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定大黄中5种游离蒽醌类化合物[J].中国药物与临床,2009,2(5)：375-377
[41]Tatjana Trtic-Petrovic, Jingfu Liu, Jan Ake Jonsson. Equilibrium sampling through membrane based on a single hollow fibre for determination of drug-protein binding and free drug concentration in plasma[J]. Journal of Chromatography B,2005,826 (1-2):169-176
[42]Tatjana Trtic-Petrovic, Jan Ake Jonsson. Determination of drug-protein binding using supported liquid membrane extraction under equilibrium conditions [J]. Journal of Chromatography B,2005,814 (2):375-384
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[12]Mohammad Reza Khalili-Zanjania, Yadollah Yaminia, Najmeh Yazdanfar, et al. Extraction and determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples by a new liquid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-flame photometric detection[J]. Analytica chimica acta, 2008,606 (2):202-208
[13]Noriya Okanouchi, Hidehiro Honda, Rie Ito, et al. Determination of benzophenones in river-water samples using drop-based liquid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry[J]. Analytical Sciences,2008.24 (5):627-630
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[16]Daneshfar Ali, Khezeli Tahere, Lotfi HJ. Determination of cholesterol in food samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by HPLC-UV[J]. Journal of. Chromatography B,2009,877 (4):456-460
[17]Chaomei Xiong, Jinlan Ruan, Yaling Cai, et al. Extraction and determination of some psychotropic drugs in urine samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,2009,49 (2):572-578
[18]Rosa Busquets, Jan Ake Jonsson, Henrik Frandsen, et al. Hollow fibre-supported liquid membrane extraction and LC-MS/MS detection for the analysis of heterocyclic amines in urine samples[J]. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research,2009,53 (12):1496-1504
[19]Jingyi Lee, Hian Kee Lee, Knut E. Rasmussen, et al. Environmental and bioanalytical applications of hollow fiber membrane liquid-phase microextraction:a review[J]. Analytical Chimica Acta,2008,624 (2):253-268
[20]王晓园,陈璇,白小红.液相微萃取／后萃取技术在中药苯丙酸类化合物分析中的应用[J].分析化学,2009,37(1)：35-40
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[1]赵燕燕,杨更亮,李海鹰,等.高效前沿分析的发展及在药物-蛋白结合研究中的应用[J].化学通报,2003,5：327-332
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[3]Zhongping John Lin, Daksha Desai-Krieger, Linyee Shum. Simultaneous determination glipizide and rosiglitazone unbound drug concentrations in plasma by equilibrium dialysis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2004,801 (2):265-272
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[9]Alexei Y. Shmykov, Vladimir N. Filippov, Lidia S. Foteeva, et al. Toward high-throughput monitoring of metallodrug-protein interaction using capillary electrophoresis in chemically modified capillaries[J]. Analytical Biochemistry,2008,379 (2):216-218
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[13]Hee Seung Kim, David S. Hage. Chromatographic analysis of carbamazepine binding to human serum albumin[J]. Journal of Chromatography B,2005,816 (1-2):57-66
[14]Jianbao Xiao, Xinlin Wei, Yuanfeng Wang, et al. Fluorescence resonance energy-transfer affects the determination of the affinity between ligand and proteins by fluorescence quenching method[J]. Spectrochimical Acta Part A:Molecular Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2009,74 (4):977-982
[15]Daojin Li, Baoming Ji, Hairui Sun. Probing the binding of 8-Acetyl-7-hydroxycoumarin to human serum albumin by spectroscopic methods and molecular modeling[J]. Spectrochimical acta Part A, Molecular biomolecular spectroscopy,2009,73 (1):35-40
[16]Jeannot M A, Cantwell F F. Solvent microextraction into a single drop[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1996,68 (13):2236-2240
[17]Thaer Barri, Tatjana Trtic-Petrovic, Michael Karlssona, et al. Characterization of drug-protein binding process by employing equilibrium sampling through hollow-fiber supported liquid membrane and Bjerrum and Scatchard plots[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,2008,48 (1):49-56
[1]Arthor C L, Pawlizyn J. Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1990,62 (19):2145-2150
[2]Jeannot M A, Cantwell F F. Solvent microextraction into a single drop[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1996,68 (13):2236-2240
[3]Mohammad Reza Khalili-Zanjania, Yadollah Yaminia, Najmeh Yazdanfar, et al. Extraction and determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples by a new liquid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-flame photometric detection[J]. Analytica chimica acta,2008,606 (2):202-208
[4]Jing-Shan Chiang, Shang-Da Huang. Determination of haloethers in water with dynamic hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction using GC-FID and GC-ECD[J]. Talanta,2007,71 (2):882-886
[5]Noriya Okanouchi, Hidehiro Honda, Rie Ito, et al. Determination of benzophenones in river-water samples using drop-based liquid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry[J]. Analytical Sciences,2008,24 (5):627-630
[6]Chaomei Xiong, Jinlan Ruan, Yaling Cai, et al. Extraction and determination of some psychotropic drugs in urine samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis,2009,49 (2):572-578
[7]Rosa Busquets, Jan Ake Jonsson, Henrik Frandsen, et al. Hollow fibre-supported liquid membrane extraction and LC-MS/MS detection for the analysis of heterocyclic amines in urine samples[J]. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research,2009,53 (12):1496-1504
[8]Jingyi Lee, Hian Kee Lee, Knut E, et al. Environmental and bioanalytical applications of hollow fiber membrane liquid-phase microextraction:a review[J]. Analytical Chimica Acta, 2008,624 (2):253-268
[9]Maosheng Zhang, Jiarong Huang, Changlin Wei. Mixed liquids for single-drop microextraction of organochlorine pesticides in vegetables[J]. Talanta,2008,74 (4): 599-604
[10]Laura Farina, Eduardo Boido, Francisco Carrau, et al. Determination of volatile phenols in red wines by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2007,1157 (1-2):46-50
[11]Daneshfar Ali, Khezeli Tahere, Lotfi HJ. Determination of cholesterol in food samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by HPLC-UV[J]. Journal of. Chromatography B,2009,877 (4):456-460
[12]Jeannot MA, Cantwell FF. Solvent microextraction as a speciation tool:determination of free progesterone in a protein solution[J]. Anal Chem,1997,69(15):2935-2940
[13]Aquilera-Herrador E, Lucena R, Cardenas S, et al. Direct coupling of ionic liquid based single-drop microextraction and GC/MS[J]. Anal Chem.2008,80 (3):793-800
[14]Gang Shen, Hian Kee Lee. Headspace liquid-phase microextraction of chlorobenzenes in soil with gas chromatography-electron capture detection[J]. Anal Chem,2003,75 (1): 98-103
[15]Francisco Javier Pena Pereira, Carlos Bendicho, Nicolas Kalogerakis, et al. Headspace single drop microextraction of methylcopentadienyl -manganese tricarbonyl from water samples followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Talanta,2007,74 (1): 47-51
[16]Tzu-Feng Tsai, Maw-Rong Lee. Liquid-phase microextration combined with liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for detecting diuretics in urine[J]. Talanta,2008,75 (3):658-665
[17]Linbo Xia, Bin Hu, Yunli Wu. Hollow fiber liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the speciation of organomercury[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2007,1173(1-2):44-51
[18]Cheyi Lin, Shangda Huang. Application of liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid-chromatography for the determination of sulfonamides in water[J]. Analytica chimica acta,2008,612 (1):37-43
[19]Qin Xiao, Bin Hu, Jiankun Duan, et al. Analysis of PBDEs in soil, dust, spiked lake water, and human serum samples by hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction combined with GC-ICP-MS[J]. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry,2007,18 (10): 1740-1748
[20]Carmen Gal, Yongjun Zhang, Remus Nutiu. Application of flat polymer membrane microextraction for the continuous detection of trihalomethanes in aqueous matrices[J]. Analytical Sciences,2009,25 (3):419-424
[21]Zhaohui Zhang, Chenggong Zhang, Xiaoli Su, et al. Carrier-mediated liquid phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of illicit drugs in human urine[J]. Analytica chimica acta,2008,621 (2):185-192
[22]Shahab Shariati, Yadollah Yamini, Ali Esrafili. Carrie mediated hollow fiber liquid microextraction combined with HPLC-UV for preconcentration and determination of some tetracycline antibiotics[J]. Journal of Chromatography B,2009,877 (4):393-400
[23]Liu W, Lee HK. Continuous-flow microextraction exceeding 1000-fold concentration of dilute analytes[J]. Anal Chem,2000,72 (18):4462-4467
[24]Yan Liu, Yuki Hashi, Jinming Lin. Continuous-flow microextraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in water[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2007,585 (2):294-299
[25]Mir Ali Farajzadeh, Morteza Bahram, Jan Ake Jonsson. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection as an efficient and sensitive technique for determination of antioxidants[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2007,591 (1):169-179
[26]Qingxiang Zhou, Long Pang, Guohong Xie, et al. Determination of atrazine and simazine in environmental water samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Analytical Sciences,2009,25 (1):73-76
[27]Mahaveer B. Melwanki, Shang-Da Huang. Extraction of hydroxyaromatic compounds in river water by liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction with automated movement of the acceptor and the donor phase[J]. Journal of Separation Science,2006,29 (13):2078-2084
[28]Ali Sarafraz Yazdi, Zarrin Es'haghi. Liquid-liquid-liquid phase microextraction of armatic amines in water using crown ethers by high-performance liquid chromatography with monolithic column[J]. Talanta,2005,66 (3):664-669
[29]Jingfu Liu, Guibin Jiang, Yuguang Chi, et al. Use of ionic liquids for liquid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J]. Anal Chem,2003,75 (21): 5870-5876
[30]Jinfeng Peng, Jingfu Liu. Ionic liquid for high temperature headspace liquid-phase microextraction of chlorinated anilines in environment water samples[J]. Journal Chromatography A,2005,1072 (1):121-127
[31]Li Xu, Xiaoyang Gong, Hian Kee Lee, et al. Ion-pair liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction of nerve agent degradation products followed by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2008,1205 (1-2):158-162
[32]Pakorn Varanusupaku, Narongchai Vora-adisak, Bancha Pulpoka. In situ derivatization and hollow fiber membrane microextraction for gas chromatographic determination of haloacetic acids in water[J]. Analytical Chimical Acta,2007,598 (1):82-86
[33]Chuihui Deng, Xiuhan Yang, Xiangmin Zhang. Rapid determination of panaxynol in a traditional Chinese medicine Saposhnikovia divaricata by pressurized hot water extraction followed by liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Talanta,2005,68(1):6-11
[34]Chunhui Deng, Yu Maob, Fengli Hua, et al. Development of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following microwave distillation and simultaneous headspace single-drop microextraction for fast determination of volatile fraction in Chinese herb[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2007,1152 (1-2):193-198
[35]Chun Wang, Cairui Li, Xiaohuan Zang, et al. Hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction combined with on-line sweeping for trace analysis of Strychnos alkaloids in urine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2007, 1143:270-275
[36]白小红,杨雪,陈璇,等. 液相微萃取／后萃取-高效液相色谱法测定氧化苦参碱和苦参碱[J].分析化学,2008,36(2)：182-186
[37]Eleni M.Gioti, Dimitris c.Skalkos. Yiannis c.Fiamegos, et al. Single-drop liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of hypericin, pseudohypericin and hyperforin in biological fluids by high perfaormance liquid chromatofraphy[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2005,1093 (1-2):1-10
[38]王晓园,白小红,张红芬,等.液相微萃取／非水后萃取-高效液相色谱法测定大鼠体内厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的浓度[J].中国医院药学杂志,2008,28(10)：1028-1034
[39]王晓园,陈璇,白小红.苯丙酸类药物液相微萃取／后萃取萃取机理研究及应用[J].分析化学,2009,37(1)：35-40
[40]朱颖,陈璇,白小红.非水液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定大黄中5种游离蒽醌类化合物[J].中国药物与临床,2009,2(5)：375-377
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