基于Web的产品远程协同设计关键技术研究
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摘要
经济的全球化在促进跨国、跨行业、跨企业间的合作与发展的同时,也加剧了全球化的市场竞争。我国制造业试图通过大力推进制造业信息化,以信息化带动工业化来提高制造业的整体素质,应对挑战和机遇。综合利用计算机技术、网络技术、人工智能和先进制造技术等新兴技术,研究、开发适合我国国情的产品远程协同设计系统,为提高我国制造业的设计、生产、管理水平,增强企业市场竞争力提供一条有效途径。开展异地异构环境下的产品远程协同设计关键技术研究,具有重要理论意义和实际应用价值。
首先,论文综述了国内外产品协同设计技术的发展状况,深入分析了异地异构环境下产品远程协同设计中存在的关键问题,提出了一种异构CAX系统数据交换和系统集成的统一机制,即直接基于EXPRESS语言和STEP中性文件,在本地和网上传送产品三维模型的几何和拓扑信息、结构配置信息和管理信息等全息信息,实现异构系统的深度集成。此方法统一地支持多个异构的数字化系统,又能用较小的数据量,来传递产品模型的全息信息,以实现异构系统的良好集成。
其次,以STEP标准为中性载体,论文基于AP203协议,构建了面向异地异构环境的远程协同设计的产品信息模型。这是异构CAX系统数据交换和系统集成的统一机制的应用,也为基于STEP的网上三维模型浏览技术研究建立基础。
第三,基于STEP/AP203,利用几何引擎Open CASCADE,论文设计、构建了面向远程协同设计的产品三维模型浏览系统体系结构,开发、实现了支持远程协同设计的产品三维模型浏览系统,具有平移、旋转、缩放等图形变换功能；具有改变颜色、透明效果、材质等高级图形渲染功能；提供人机交互操作功能：如几何要素信息查询、计算、测量,形体剖切,设计意见标注等。系统较好地解决了异地异构环境下产品信息交换、共享的问题,实现了产品模型的重建及产品模型信息提取,为参与协同设计的各方人员提供了有效的协同工具。
第四,针对国产注塑模CAE分析软件与通用三维CAD软件的接口统一性及其与异构CAD系统集成问题,论文基于STEP国际数据交换标准和STEP文件,建立了具有自主知识产权的多个异构CAD系统与国产华塑CAE分析系统的通用接口,实现各种国际主流CAD软件与华塑CAE分析系统的基于STEP接口的直接连接和集成；基于STEP接口,开发了具有自主知识产权的注塑模CAE分析用高品质STL网格自动生成软件系统。在CAD模型完整的基础上,基本实现不修模或少修模,提高了模型导入的工作效率。
第五,在具体分析支持远程产品快速配置设计的基本需求基础上,论文提出了一种基于模糊集实例推理算法。通过建立标准模型集合,构造其隶属函数,计算属性相似度,检索出最佳匹配实例,实现快速配置设计。
最后,论文结合浙江省科技厅项目《基于Web的五金产品个性化定制平台研制与开发》,以浙江某五金产品生产企业为应用对象,设计了基于Web的五金产品个性化定制平台的总体框架,确定了定制平台的信息模型传送机制,综合应用计算机网络技术、Web动态数据库技术、模块化产品配置技术等技术,开发、研制了基于Web的五金产品个性化定制平台,验证了论文研究理论的合理性。此平台已在企业投入运行,为客户和企业之间建立了一个快速便捷、安全有效的交流平台。
论文面向产品全生命周期、基于STEP标准展开研究,符合国际标准化发展趋势。提出的基于Web的产品远程协同设计关键技术和方法为实现异地异构环境下协同设计系统间产品信息交互和系统集成提供了有效途径,为今后进一步的研究奠定了坚实的基础。
Globalization enhances the cooperation, interdependence and development among enterprises, industries and countries. At the same time, it also deepens the market competition. China, as a famous world factory, is rising to this challenge and opportunity by actualizing informatization in the area of manufacturing. Applying new technologies such as IT, Network, AI, advanced manufacturing technologies and to design and implement remote collaborative product design system (RCPDS) is a good way to improve competition ability in the global market. Theoretically and practically, it's necessary to put effort in the research of remote collaborative product design (RCPD) under heterogeneous environment.
Firstly, the state-of-art in the area of RCPD is introduced. Key issues in RCPD are investigated. Based on it, a new mechanism for data exchange and system integration among heterogeneous CAX systems is presented. Based on EXPRESS and STEP, the mechanism provides the ability to transmit product information with smaller file size at higher transmit rate locally and remotely. Product holo-information including geometrical and topological data of product model, configuration parameters and management information could be shared and exchanged among heterogeneous systems and deep integration could also be fulfilled by utilizing the mechanism.
Secondly, product information model is constructed based on STEP/AP203. The product information model is developed under the guidance of above mechanism and it is the foundation of3D product model online browsing technology.
Thirdly, product3D model browsing system is developed based on STEP/AP203. Users from different locations could inspect and annotate with product models by doing operations like rotation, pan, zoom, color panel, slice, annotation, etc. Furthermore, product information process ability is also offered. For example, geometrical and topological information of product model could be extracted and enquired. All the parametric information of points, curves and curved surfaces can be obtained. Distances and angles can be measured as well. All those functions supply team members an effective way to work well with product under heterogeneous environment in multiple geographic locations.
Fourthly, as the domestic injection mould CAE analysis software is relatively weak in geometric modeling, there's urgent demand for developing standard data access interface with professional CAD systems. To meet the demand, standard data access interface among CAD systems and HsCAE is implemented based on STEP. A high quality mesh generation system for injection molding CAE analysis is developed. Working efficiency of importing model is greatly improved by reducing the model revision process.
Fifthly, on the basis of the analysis of current requirement of fast product configuration design, a cased-based reasoning approach based on fuzzy set is put forward for rapid product configuration design. A new similarity measurement based on general membership function is described. Center distance revision method based on area is introduced. Objective weights are calculated based on the deviation information of similarity. Synthesis weights are formed by combing subjective weights with objective weights. Model for solving the global similarity of the cases is set up. Implementation example applying above methods is given in the area of electric drill configuration design.
Finally, a proof-of-concept application is developed for a hardware producing company. Based on Web, the system provides an individual customization platform for the company to communicate with its customers and partners. Implementation results show that the system helps the company to not only meet customer's demands quickly but also improve product quality while reducing the producing cost.
Web based remote collaborative product design plays an important role for the manufacturing enterprises in the globalization market. Efforts on key technologies of REPD have been made through thesis work. The research work presented in the thesis not only helped the enterprises to improve their competitive ability but also laid solid foundation for further study.
首先,论文综述了国内外产品协同设计技术的发展状况,深入分析了异地异构环境下产品远程协同设计中存在的关键问题,提出了一种异构CAX系统数据交换和系统集成的统一机制,即直接基于EXPRESS语言和STEP中性文件,在本地和网上传送产品三维模型的几何和拓扑信息、结构配置信息和管理信息等全息信息,实现异构系统的深度集成。此方法统一地支持多个异构的数字化系统,又能用较小的数据量,来传递产品模型的全息信息,以实现异构系统的良好集成。
其次,以STEP标准为中性载体,论文基于AP203协议,构建了面向异地异构环境的远程协同设计的产品信息模型。这是异构CAX系统数据交换和系统集成的统一机制的应用,也为基于STEP的网上三维模型浏览技术研究建立基础。
第三,基于STEP/AP203,利用几何引擎Open CASCADE,论文设计、构建了面向远程协同设计的产品三维模型浏览系统体系结构,开发、实现了支持远程协同设计的产品三维模型浏览系统,具有平移、旋转、缩放等图形变换功能；具有改变颜色、透明效果、材质等高级图形渲染功能；提供人机交互操作功能：如几何要素信息查询、计算、测量,形体剖切,设计意见标注等。系统较好地解决了异地异构环境下产品信息交换、共享的问题,实现了产品模型的重建及产品模型信息提取,为参与协同设计的各方人员提供了有效的协同工具。
第四,针对国产注塑模CAE分析软件与通用三维CAD软件的接口统一性及其与异构CAD系统集成问题,论文基于STEP国际数据交换标准和STEP文件,建立了具有自主知识产权的多个异构CAD系统与国产华塑CAE分析系统的通用接口,实现各种国际主流CAD软件与华塑CAE分析系统的基于STEP接口的直接连接和集成；基于STEP接口,开发了具有自主知识产权的注塑模CAE分析用高品质STL网格自动生成软件系统。在CAD模型完整的基础上,基本实现不修模或少修模,提高了模型导入的工作效率。
第五,在具体分析支持远程产品快速配置设计的基本需求基础上,论文提出了一种基于模糊集实例推理算法。通过建立标准模型集合,构造其隶属函数,计算属性相似度,检索出最佳匹配实例,实现快速配置设计。
最后,论文结合浙江省科技厅项目《基于Web的五金产品个性化定制平台研制与开发》,以浙江某五金产品生产企业为应用对象,设计了基于Web的五金产品个性化定制平台的总体框架,确定了定制平台的信息模型传送机制,综合应用计算机网络技术、Web动态数据库技术、模块化产品配置技术等技术,开发、研制了基于Web的五金产品个性化定制平台,验证了论文研究理论的合理性。此平台已在企业投入运行,为客户和企业之间建立了一个快速便捷、安全有效的交流平台。
论文面向产品全生命周期、基于STEP标准展开研究,符合国际标准化发展趋势。提出的基于Web的产品远程协同设计关键技术和方法为实现异地异构环境下协同设计系统间产品信息交互和系统集成提供了有效途径,为今后进一步的研究奠定了坚实的基础。
Globalization enhances the cooperation, interdependence and development among enterprises, industries and countries. At the same time, it also deepens the market competition. China, as a famous world factory, is rising to this challenge and opportunity by actualizing informatization in the area of manufacturing. Applying new technologies such as IT, Network, AI, advanced manufacturing technologies and to design and implement remote collaborative product design system (RCPDS) is a good way to improve competition ability in the global market. Theoretically and practically, it's necessary to put effort in the research of remote collaborative product design (RCPD) under heterogeneous environment.
Firstly, the state-of-art in the area of RCPD is introduced. Key issues in RCPD are investigated. Based on it, a new mechanism for data exchange and system integration among heterogeneous CAX systems is presented. Based on EXPRESS and STEP, the mechanism provides the ability to transmit product information with smaller file size at higher transmit rate locally and remotely. Product holo-information including geometrical and topological data of product model, configuration parameters and management information could be shared and exchanged among heterogeneous systems and deep integration could also be fulfilled by utilizing the mechanism.
Secondly, product information model is constructed based on STEP/AP203. The product information model is developed under the guidance of above mechanism and it is the foundation of3D product model online browsing technology.
Thirdly, product3D model browsing system is developed based on STEP/AP203. Users from different locations could inspect and annotate with product models by doing operations like rotation, pan, zoom, color panel, slice, annotation, etc. Furthermore, product information process ability is also offered. For example, geometrical and topological information of product model could be extracted and enquired. All the parametric information of points, curves and curved surfaces can be obtained. Distances and angles can be measured as well. All those functions supply team members an effective way to work well with product under heterogeneous environment in multiple geographic locations.
Fourthly, as the domestic injection mould CAE analysis software is relatively weak in geometric modeling, there's urgent demand for developing standard data access interface with professional CAD systems. To meet the demand, standard data access interface among CAD systems and HsCAE is implemented based on STEP. A high quality mesh generation system for injection molding CAE analysis is developed. Working efficiency of importing model is greatly improved by reducing the model revision process.
Fifthly, on the basis of the analysis of current requirement of fast product configuration design, a cased-based reasoning approach based on fuzzy set is put forward for rapid product configuration design. A new similarity measurement based on general membership function is described. Center distance revision method based on area is introduced. Objective weights are calculated based on the deviation information of similarity. Synthesis weights are formed by combing subjective weights with objective weights. Model for solving the global similarity of the cases is set up. Implementation example applying above methods is given in the area of electric drill configuration design.
Finally, a proof-of-concept application is developed for a hardware producing company. Based on Web, the system provides an individual customization platform for the company to communicate with its customers and partners. Implementation results show that the system helps the company to not only meet customer's demands quickly but also improve product quality while reducing the producing cost.
Web based remote collaborative product design plays an important role for the manufacturing enterprises in the globalization market. Efforts on key technologies of REPD have been made through thesis work. The research work presented in the thesis not only helped the enterprises to improve their competitive ability but also laid solid foundation for further study.
引文
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