基于体系结构的C~4ISR系统可靠性建模及分配方法研究
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摘要
可靠性分析与设计是C~4ISR系统总体设计的重要环节。C~4ISR系统作为现代作战体系的神经中枢,能否在复杂多变的战场环境下保持高可靠性将直接影响到C~4ISR系统作战效能。因此,在C~4ISR系统建设过程中必须充分重视其可靠性分析与设计,保证研制成功的系统有较高的可靠性和生存能力。
在系统可靠性分析过程中,可靠性指标的制定、模型的建立以及分配方法的选取是密不可分的。对于复杂的C~4ISR系统,能否提出合理的可靠性指标体系,建立准确的可靠性模型,并选取与之相适应的可靠性分配方法是C~4ISR系统可靠性分析的首要问题。同时,由于系统的复杂性,传统的可靠性分析方法很难直接应用于C~4ISR系统。随着体系结构技术的不断发展,及其在系统分析与设计中的广泛应用,如何将体系结构技术应用于C~4ISR系统可靠性分析与设计成为一个亟待解决的问题。
论文针对目前C~4ISR系统可靠性分析存在的上述问题,提出了利用体系结构对C~4ISR系统进行可靠性分析的方法。主要研究了以下几个方面的内容:
(1)提出了基于体系结构的C~4ISR系统可靠性指标及可靠性参数
可靠性指标是可靠性分析与设计的基础。通过对体系结构框架的分析,结合系统可靠性分析的理论与方法,对C~4ISR系统可靠性指标体系进行研究。通过分析相关体系结构产品之间的关系及其在系统可靠性分析中的作用,提出了由作战到系统的可靠性指标及可靠性参数。
(2)研究了基于体系结构的C~4ISR系统可靠性建模方法
通过对体系结构产品描述模型的分析,建立相应的系统可靠性框图模型、可靠性网络图模型。给出了相关体系结构产品、可靠性框图模型及可靠性网络图模型的形式化描述方式。设计了将体系结构产品描述模型转化为基本可靠性模型的计算机程序算法。
(3)研究了基于体系结构的C~4ISR系统可靠性分配方法
在阐明了C~4ISR系统各层次可靠性指标,并建立了系统可靠性模型的基础上,对传统的考虑重要度和复杂度的可靠性分配方法加以改进,重新定义系统重要度和复杂度,给出计算方法。并提出比较矩阵的方法解决“多对多”的分配问题。综合两种方法,提出适应于C~4ISR系统体系结构、指标特性的可靠性分配方法。
最后,在理论方法研究的基础上,以“某野战导弹防空指挥信息系统”为案例,对该指挥信息系统的可靠性指标、建模及分配进行研究,检验了论文提出方法的正确性和有效性。
Reliability analysis and design is a crucial procedure in the high level design of the C~4ISR system. As an important part of modern warfare, the reliability of the system directly effect the efficiency of the system. So, more attention should be paid to the reliability analysis and design of the system to insure that the system is reliable.
On the process of reliability analysis, it is unable to separate the establishment of the reliability index and reliability modeling from its allocation. Especially for the C~4ISR system, it is the most important problem on the research of the system reliability that if we can establish the reliability index reasonably, found the reliability model correctly and use an allocation method effectively to allocate the index. Due to the complexity of the system, it is difficult to apply the traditional method of reliability analysis and design. It is a new problem to be solved that how to use the system architecture reasonably and effectively to the reliability analysis and design of the system with the development of the system architecture and its application in the design of the C~4ISR system.
In order to solve the problem , we bring forward a method of reliability analysis based on architecture.The main contributions of this dissertation include:
(1) Research on reliability index of C~4ISR system based on system architecture
The dissertation focuses on the reliability index of the C~4ISR system based on the architecture framework together with the theory and method of the reliability analysis. With the research of the relationship of the correlative product and its application in the system, we found the reliability index and give the reliability parameter.
(2) Research on reliability modeling of C~4ISR system based on system architecture
After founding the reliability index, we research on the reliability modeling of the system by using the system architecture. The essential of the modeling is the method to convert the description model of the architecture products to the basic reliability analysis model. In the dissertation, we present the formalization description of the products and the basic reliability analysis model, together with the algorithm.
(3) Research on reliability allocation method of C~4ISR system based on system architecture
This dissertation focuses on the problem of how to allocate the reliability index reasonably and we find an allocation method to solve it with the DoD AF. Basing on the established system reliability index, we use the products and their relations to analysis the allocation method of the system. We ameliorate the common allocation method and put forward a new method which adapt to the C~4ISR system, architecture description and the characteristic of the system index.
In order to validate and perfect the result of this research, the C~4ISR system of an aerial defence of some Brigade is made a case. We analyze the reliability index, reliability modeling and the allocation method of this system and verify the correctness and validity of the method in the dissertation.
在系统可靠性分析过程中,可靠性指标的制定、模型的建立以及分配方法的选取是密不可分的。对于复杂的C~4ISR系统,能否提出合理的可靠性指标体系,建立准确的可靠性模型,并选取与之相适应的可靠性分配方法是C~4ISR系统可靠性分析的首要问题。同时,由于系统的复杂性,传统的可靠性分析方法很难直接应用于C~4ISR系统。随着体系结构技术的不断发展,及其在系统分析与设计中的广泛应用,如何将体系结构技术应用于C~4ISR系统可靠性分析与设计成为一个亟待解决的问题。
论文针对目前C~4ISR系统可靠性分析存在的上述问题,提出了利用体系结构对C~4ISR系统进行可靠性分析的方法。主要研究了以下几个方面的内容:
(1)提出了基于体系结构的C~4ISR系统可靠性指标及可靠性参数
可靠性指标是可靠性分析与设计的基础。通过对体系结构框架的分析,结合系统可靠性分析的理论与方法,对C~4ISR系统可靠性指标体系进行研究。通过分析相关体系结构产品之间的关系及其在系统可靠性分析中的作用,提出了由作战到系统的可靠性指标及可靠性参数。
(2)研究了基于体系结构的C~4ISR系统可靠性建模方法
通过对体系结构产品描述模型的分析,建立相应的系统可靠性框图模型、可靠性网络图模型。给出了相关体系结构产品、可靠性框图模型及可靠性网络图模型的形式化描述方式。设计了将体系结构产品描述模型转化为基本可靠性模型的计算机程序算法。
(3)研究了基于体系结构的C~4ISR系统可靠性分配方法
在阐明了C~4ISR系统各层次可靠性指标,并建立了系统可靠性模型的基础上,对传统的考虑重要度和复杂度的可靠性分配方法加以改进,重新定义系统重要度和复杂度,给出计算方法。并提出比较矩阵的方法解决“多对多”的分配问题。综合两种方法,提出适应于C~4ISR系统体系结构、指标特性的可靠性分配方法。
最后,在理论方法研究的基础上,以“某野战导弹防空指挥信息系统”为案例,对该指挥信息系统的可靠性指标、建模及分配进行研究,检验了论文提出方法的正确性和有效性。
Reliability analysis and design is a crucial procedure in the high level design of the C~4ISR system. As an important part of modern warfare, the reliability of the system directly effect the efficiency of the system. So, more attention should be paid to the reliability analysis and design of the system to insure that the system is reliable.
On the process of reliability analysis, it is unable to separate the establishment of the reliability index and reliability modeling from its allocation. Especially for the C~4ISR system, it is the most important problem on the research of the system reliability that if we can establish the reliability index reasonably, found the reliability model correctly and use an allocation method effectively to allocate the index. Due to the complexity of the system, it is difficult to apply the traditional method of reliability analysis and design. It is a new problem to be solved that how to use the system architecture reasonably and effectively to the reliability analysis and design of the system with the development of the system architecture and its application in the design of the C~4ISR system.
In order to solve the problem , we bring forward a method of reliability analysis based on architecture.The main contributions of this dissertation include:
(1) Research on reliability index of C~4ISR system based on system architecture
The dissertation focuses on the reliability index of the C~4ISR system based on the architecture framework together with the theory and method of the reliability analysis. With the research of the relationship of the correlative product and its application in the system, we found the reliability index and give the reliability parameter.
(2) Research on reliability modeling of C~4ISR system based on system architecture
After founding the reliability index, we research on the reliability modeling of the system by using the system architecture. The essential of the modeling is the method to convert the description model of the architecture products to the basic reliability analysis model. In the dissertation, we present the formalization description of the products and the basic reliability analysis model, together with the algorithm.
(3) Research on reliability allocation method of C~4ISR system based on system architecture
This dissertation focuses on the problem of how to allocate the reliability index reasonably and we find an allocation method to solve it with the DoD AF. Basing on the established system reliability index, we use the products and their relations to analysis the allocation method of the system. We ameliorate the common allocation method and put forward a new method which adapt to the C~4ISR system, architecture description and the characteristic of the system index.
In order to validate and perfect the result of this research, the C~4ISR system of an aerial defence of some Brigade is made a case. We analyze the reliability index, reliability modeling and the allocation method of this system and verify the correctness and validity of the method in the dissertation.
引文
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[2] C4ISR Architecture Working Group. C4ISR Architecture Framework Version 2.0 [R]. U.S.: Department of Defense, 1997.
[3]罗爱民.基于框架的C4ISR体系结构语法、语义设计与分析方法研究[D].湖南:国防科学技术大学博士论文.2006.
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[6] http://www.itpolicy.gsa.gov/mke/archplus/projectmodelsobjects.html.
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[12] W.L. Sumerix, T.L. Douthitt. The Army Operational Architecture Program [C]. 1999 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, United States Naval War College, 1999.
[13] United States Joint Staff. GCSS Operational Architecture [EB/OL]. http://www.jsj4.com/gcssoa/index.html, 2001-03-15.
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[2] C4ISR Architecture Working Group. C4ISR Architecture Framework Version 2.0 [R]. U.S.: Department of Defense, 1997.
[3]罗爱民.基于框架的C4ISR体系结构语法、语义设计与分析方法研究[D].湖南:国防科学技术大学博士论文.2006.
[4] J.A. Zachman. A Framework for Information Systems Architecture [J]. IBM Systems Journal, 1987,26(3):276-292.
[5] J.F. Sowa,John A. Zachman. Extending and Formalizing the Framework for Information Systems Architecture [J].IBM Systems Journal, 1992,31(3):321-354.
[6] http://www.itpolicy.gsa.gov/mke/archplus/projectmodelsobjects.html.
[7] Treasury Enterprise Architecture Framework (TEAF) [R]. U.S.: Department of the Treasury, 2000 http://www.ustreas.gov/teaf/.
[8] http://www.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf8-doc/arch.
[9] C4ISR Architecture Working Group. C4ISR Architecture Framework Version 1.0 [R]. U.S.: Department of Defense, 1996.
[10]军事综合电子信息系统体系结构框架研究[M].国防科技大学C3I系统研究中心,2002.
[11] A.H. Levis, L.W. Wagenhals. C4ISR Architecture Framework Implementation [EB/OL].http://viking.gmu.edu/http/AFCEA_503Y/CourseBook/index.html.
[12] W.L. Sumerix, T.L. Douthitt. The Army Operational Architecture Program [C]. 1999 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, United States Naval War College, 1999.
[13] United States Joint Staff. GCSS Operational Architecture [EB/OL]. http://www.jsj4.com/gcssoa/index.html, 2001-03-15.
[14] http://www.itpolicy.gsa.gov/mke/archplus/awgbrief.ppt, 2000.
[15] DoD Architecture Framework Working Group. DoD Architecture Framework Version 1.0 [R]. U.S.: Department of Defense, 2003.
[16] DoD Architecture Framework Working Group. DoD Architecture Framework Version 1.5 [R]. U.S.: Department of Defense, 2007.
[17]修胜龙. C4ISR体系结构产品一致性开发[D].国防科学技术大学博士论文,2004.
[18] MINISTRY OF DEFENCE. MOD Architectural Framework Viewpoint Overview Version 1.0 [R/OL]. http://www.modaf.com/, 2005.
[19]李月芳,林春晖,鲁元魁.指挥自动化一体化技术体系结构(ITA)研制[J].军队指挥自动化, 2001(4):39-41.
[20]总装论证中心,中电集团电科院.军事综合电子信息系统体系结构框架1.0版[R].2004.7.
[21] W.R. Blischke, D.N. Murthy. Reliability: Modeling, Prediction, and Optimization [M]. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2000.
[22] G. Carmines Edward, Richard A. Zeller. Reliability and Validity Assessment [M], Sage Publications Inc, 1980.
[23] Hoang Pham. Handbook of Reliability Engineering [M]. Springer, 1994.
[24] Gertsbakh. Statistical Reliability Theory [M]. CRC, 1988.
[25] O'Connor. Practical Reliability Engineering [M]. John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1998.
[26] Bloom Neil. Reliability Centered Maintenance [M], McGraw-Hill, 2005.
[27] F. Martz Harry, Harry Franklin. Bayesian reliability analysis [M], New York: Wiley, 1982.
[28] C. Joseph Lu, William Q Meeker. Using degradation measures to estimate a time-to-failure distribution [M]. Technometrics, 1993.
[29] J.C. Lu, J. Park, Q. Yang. Statistical inference of a time-to-failure distribution derived from linear degradation data [M]. Technometrics,1997.
[30] A.U. Lagies, L. Gohler, Degradation modeling of semiconductor devices and electrical circuits[C]. IEEE International Conference on Semiconductor Electronics, 1998:86-90.
[31] Department of the Army. Reliability Primer for C4ISR Facilities [R/OL]. http:// www.usace.army.mil/publications/armytm/tm5-698-3/entire.pdf, 2005.
[32] Walter Perry, D.S. Signori. A mathematical framework for measuring the effects of information and collaboration on shared awareness [C]. 6th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium. Maryland,US, 2001.
[33] A. Kusiak, A. Zakarian. Reliability evaluation of process models [J]. Microelectronics Reliability, 1997, 37(8).
[34]田芳,沙基昌.军事通信网可靠性综合评估方法[J].模糊系统与数学,1997,11(3):30-33.
[35]田芳,沙基昌.故障条件下通信网的端—端业务流量算法[J].电子学报,1999,27(5):43-45.
[36]冯心睿.无线地域通信网的可靠性研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学, 2000.
[37]周中定,孙青华,梁雄健.基于Hamming神经网络的通信网可靠性指标评价模型[J].计算机科学, 2002, 29(9):107-109.
[38]周中定,孙青华.基于离散Fourier变换的通信网可靠性数据挖掘算法模型[J].计算机科学, 2003, 30(1):67-69.
[39]丁开盛,张学渊.通信网可靠性的定义及其综合测度指标[J].通信学报, 1999, 20(10):75-78.
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