红薯机械化收获机具的试验研究
|
摘要
河南省是我国红薯主产区之一,为提高红薯收获机械化水平,本文采用4UJH-850型秧茎切碎还田机、4KJW-1600型块茎挖掘机列为主要试验示范机具,通过试验示范对机具进行性能试验和生产考核。
研究工作在红薯种植模式大面积调查基础上,根据目前我国红薯收获机具的发展现状,设定了分段收获的红薯机械化收获模式。并在对测试点土壤情况和种植模式做了充分的测定和调查后,按照设定的河南省红薯机械化收获模式,对4UJH-850型秧茎切碎还田机、4KJW-1600型块茎挖掘机进行了试验。通过试验不但检验了机具的作业性能,对河南省红薯收获机械化技术试验方法及机械化模式进行了有效的探索。研究结果表明:
(1)分段式红薯机械化收获模式适应目前河南省红薯种植模式,对河南省红薯收获机械化水平提高具有巨大的促进作用。
(2)4UJH-850型秧茎切碎还田机各项性能指标均达到设计要求,符合《NY/T 1004-2006秸秆还田机质量评价技术规范》、《NY/T 500-2002秸秆还田机作业质量》、《Q/ZNJ08-2008 4UJH型秧茎切碎还田机》等技术标准。并针对中间粉碎刀轴上中间刀片脱落、传动三角胶带打滑、中间粉碎刀轴两端秧茎缠绕三个突出的问题提出改进建议。实现了中间粉碎刀轴上中间平刀片改进设计,同时高度可调整。并将传动B型三角胶带设计改进为C型三角胶带和在中间粉碎刀轴两端增加防缠罩等。
(3)4KJW-1600型块茎挖掘机各项性能指标均达到设计要求,符合《NY/T 1130-2006马铃薯收获机械》、《NY/T 648-2002马铃薯收获机质量评价技术规范》等相关国家标准。对试验中出现的升运分离链土块分离能力差、两侧板挂草、薯块摆放散乱三个比较突出的问题提出改进建议。将原设计的椭圆抖动轮改为三角抖动轮,提高升运分离链分离土块能力;并在两侧板增加圆型切刀,减少侧板挂草以及改为侧铺放型或后链式铺放型,解决薯块摆放散乱问题。
Henan Province is one of the main sweet potato producing areas in China. To improve the level of mechanized sweet potato harvesting, 4UJH-850 type stem chopping and returning machine and 4KJW-1600 digging machine were used as the major experiment and demonstration equipments in this paper, and the two types of the machines were tested for performance and production evaluation through experiment and demonstration .
The research work , based on the large-scale survey of sweet potato plant mode, according to the development and present status of the domestic sweet potato harvesting equipment, set the step mechanized sweet potato harvesting mode. Moreover, after a full measurement and investigation on the soil conditions and cropping patterns at the test points, in accordance with the enactment of mechanized sweet potato harvesting mode of Henan, 4UJH-850 type stem chopping and returning machine and 4KJW-1600 digging machine were tested. The experiment not only examined the operating performance of the machines,but also effectively explored the technical testing methods and modes of mechanized sweet potato harvesting. The results show that:
(1)The step mechanized sweet potato harvesting mode can meet the demand of the present plant mode of sweet potato, and greatly improve the level of mechanized sweet potato harvesting in Henan.
(2)The various performance indicators of 4UJH-850 type stem chopping and returning machine can satisfy the demand of the design,and agree with many technical standards,such as "NY / T 1004-2006 quality evaluation and technical specifications of stalk returning machine ", "NY / T 500-2002 the operation quality of stalk returning machine ", "Q/ZNJ08-2008 4UJH type stem chopping and returning machine " ,ect. The paper made recommendations directed against three prominent problems for improvement, which were the middle blade fell off from the middle crashing cutter shaft, the drived rubber V-belt in a slide and the stems twisted in the middle crashing cutter shaft at both ends.It aslo can improve the design of the middle flat blade in the middle crashing cutter shaft, and adjust the height at the same time. Besides, the B-type drived rubber V-belt was replaced by C-type and put sleeves on the middle crashing cutter shaft to avoid twist,ect.
(3)The various performance indicators of 4KJW-1600 digging machine can satisfy the demand of the design,and agree with the related national standards ,such as "NY/T 1130-2006 potato harvesting machinery", "NY / T 648-2002 quality evaluation and technical specifications of potato harvesting machinery ",ect. The paper made recommendations directed against three prominent problems appeared in the test for improvement,which were the transport separating chain with poor soil separating capacity, both sides of the plates hanging grass and leaving the sweet potato around.The original ellipse shaking wheel was replaced by triangle shaking wheel for improvement,besides, it enhanced the soil separatingcapability of the transport separating chain,and added round cutter to both sides of the plates to reduce the plate hanging grass, and solved the problem of the sweet popatos leaved around.
研究工作在红薯种植模式大面积调查基础上,根据目前我国红薯收获机具的发展现状,设定了分段收获的红薯机械化收获模式。并在对测试点土壤情况和种植模式做了充分的测定和调查后,按照设定的河南省红薯机械化收获模式,对4UJH-850型秧茎切碎还田机、4KJW-1600型块茎挖掘机进行了试验。通过试验不但检验了机具的作业性能,对河南省红薯收获机械化技术试验方法及机械化模式进行了有效的探索。研究结果表明:
(1)分段式红薯机械化收获模式适应目前河南省红薯种植模式,对河南省红薯收获机械化水平提高具有巨大的促进作用。
(2)4UJH-850型秧茎切碎还田机各项性能指标均达到设计要求,符合《NY/T 1004-2006秸秆还田机质量评价技术规范》、《NY/T 500-2002秸秆还田机作业质量》、《Q/ZNJ08-2008 4UJH型秧茎切碎还田机》等技术标准。并针对中间粉碎刀轴上中间刀片脱落、传动三角胶带打滑、中间粉碎刀轴两端秧茎缠绕三个突出的问题提出改进建议。实现了中间粉碎刀轴上中间平刀片改进设计,同时高度可调整。并将传动B型三角胶带设计改进为C型三角胶带和在中间粉碎刀轴两端增加防缠罩等。
(3)4KJW-1600型块茎挖掘机各项性能指标均达到设计要求,符合《NY/T 1130-2006马铃薯收获机械》、《NY/T 648-2002马铃薯收获机质量评价技术规范》等相关国家标准。对试验中出现的升运分离链土块分离能力差、两侧板挂草、薯块摆放散乱三个比较突出的问题提出改进建议。将原设计的椭圆抖动轮改为三角抖动轮,提高升运分离链分离土块能力;并在两侧板增加圆型切刀,减少侧板挂草以及改为侧铺放型或后链式铺放型,解决薯块摆放散乱问题。
Henan Province is one of the main sweet potato producing areas in China. To improve the level of mechanized sweet potato harvesting, 4UJH-850 type stem chopping and returning machine and 4KJW-1600 digging machine were used as the major experiment and demonstration equipments in this paper, and the two types of the machines were tested for performance and production evaluation through experiment and demonstration .
The research work , based on the large-scale survey of sweet potato plant mode, according to the development and present status of the domestic sweet potato harvesting equipment, set the step mechanized sweet potato harvesting mode. Moreover, after a full measurement and investigation on the soil conditions and cropping patterns at the test points, in accordance with the enactment of mechanized sweet potato harvesting mode of Henan, 4UJH-850 type stem chopping and returning machine and 4KJW-1600 digging machine were tested. The experiment not only examined the operating performance of the machines,but also effectively explored the technical testing methods and modes of mechanized sweet potato harvesting. The results show that:
(1)The step mechanized sweet potato harvesting mode can meet the demand of the present plant mode of sweet potato, and greatly improve the level of mechanized sweet potato harvesting in Henan.
(2)The various performance indicators of 4UJH-850 type stem chopping and returning machine can satisfy the demand of the design,and agree with many technical standards,such as "NY / T 1004-2006 quality evaluation and technical specifications of stalk returning machine ", "NY / T 500-2002 the operation quality of stalk returning machine ", "Q/ZNJ08-2008 4UJH type stem chopping and returning machine " ,ect. The paper made recommendations directed against three prominent problems for improvement, which were the middle blade fell off from the middle crashing cutter shaft, the drived rubber V-belt in a slide and the stems twisted in the middle crashing cutter shaft at both ends.It aslo can improve the design of the middle flat blade in the middle crashing cutter shaft, and adjust the height at the same time. Besides, the B-type drived rubber V-belt was replaced by C-type and put sleeves on the middle crashing cutter shaft to avoid twist,ect.
(3)The various performance indicators of 4KJW-1600 digging machine can satisfy the demand of the design,and agree with the related national standards ,such as "NY/T 1130-2006 potato harvesting machinery", "NY / T 648-2002 quality evaluation and technical specifications of potato harvesting machinery ",ect. The paper made recommendations directed against three prominent problems appeared in the test for improvement,which were the transport separating chain with poor soil separating capacity, both sides of the plates hanging grass and leaving the sweet potato around.The original ellipse shaking wheel was replaced by triangle shaking wheel for improvement,besides, it enhanced the soil separatingcapability of the transport separating chain,and added round cutter to both sides of the plates to reduce the plate hanging grass, and solved the problem of the sweet popatos leaved around.
引文
[1]张文有.红薯经济潜力分析及实现红薯“三高”的途径探讨[J].江西农业大学学报,1993(3):26.
[2]李治国,邹广胜.京郊红薯生产机械化现状分析[J].农业开发与装备,2008(8):11.
[3]王博炜.4VM-550A型马铃薯挖掘收获机[J].农业科技与信息,1998 (6):37.
[4]周良墉.4U-1/2型马铃薯(块茎类)挖掘机[J].南方农机,2004 (4):29.
[5]刘俊峰,杨欣,马跃进,等.4U-1A型马铃薯收获机的设计[J].农业机械学报,2004,35 (2):183-186.
[6]晓明.4ULDX-1500型马铃薯收获机[J].农业装备技术,2005,31 (1):37.
[7]周良墉.两种新型马铃薯联合收获机[J].农村百事通,2005 (21):27.
[8]彭小红.定西马铃薯产业发展探析[J].甘肃农业,2005(11):97.
[9]马庆学.薯类机械化收获技术及其机具改进[J].湖南农机,2008(4):31.
[10]美国Lenco公司马铃薯联合收获机介绍[EB /OL].2007:10.
[11] Vearink Gmbrl ON IA Harvester pyra 2马铃薯联合收割机介绍[EB /OL].2007:10.
[12]赵满全,窦卫国,赵士杰.新型马铃薯挖掘机的研制与开发[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2000,21 (2):93.
[13]宋言明,王芬娥.国内外马铃薯机械的发展概况[J].农机化研究,2008,(9):52.
[14]李海荣郑蕊张晓磊.小型薯类挖掘机的设计[J].机械研究与应用,2008(6):85.
[15]马屏.马铃薯收获机选型试验分析[J].农机科技推广,2008(1):25.
[16]洪鹭.薯类收获机故障分析及解决方法[J].湖南农机,2008(4):22.
[17]高建刚.农业机械促红薯产业大发展[J].山西农机,2004(1):32.
[18]农业机械设计手册(上下册).中国农业科学技术出版社,2007:85-92.
[19]机械设计师手册(上下册).机械工业出版社,2002:351-368.
[20]机械零件设计手册(上下册).冶金工业出版社,1994:196-215.
[21]工程材料手册(黑色金属材料卷).北京出版社,2001:127-230.
[22]热处理工程师手册.机械工业出版社,2004:265-271.
[23]简明热处理手册.广东科技出版社,2002:65-68.参考标准GB 5667-85农业机械生产试验方法GB 5262-85农业机械试验条件测定方法的一般规定NY/T 1004-2006秸秆还田机质量评价技术规范NY/T 500-2002秸秆还田机作业质量NY/T 1130-2006马铃薯收获机械NY/T 648-2002马铃薯收获机质量评价技术规范
[2]李治国,邹广胜.京郊红薯生产机械化现状分析[J].农业开发与装备,2008(8):11.
[3]王博炜.4VM-550A型马铃薯挖掘收获机[J].农业科技与信息,1998 (6):37.
[4]周良墉.4U-1/2型马铃薯(块茎类)挖掘机[J].南方农机,2004 (4):29.
[5]刘俊峰,杨欣,马跃进,等.4U-1A型马铃薯收获机的设计[J].农业机械学报,2004,35 (2):183-186.
[6]晓明.4ULDX-1500型马铃薯收获机[J].农业装备技术,2005,31 (1):37.
[7]周良墉.两种新型马铃薯联合收获机[J].农村百事通,2005 (21):27.
[8]彭小红.定西马铃薯产业发展探析[J].甘肃农业,2005(11):97.
[9]马庆学.薯类机械化收获技术及其机具改进[J].湖南农机,2008(4):31.
[10]美国Lenco公司马铃薯联合收获机介绍[EB /OL].2007:10.
[11] Vearink Gmbrl ON IA Harvester pyra 2马铃薯联合收割机介绍[EB /OL].2007:10.
[12]赵满全,窦卫国,赵士杰.新型马铃薯挖掘机的研制与开发[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2000,21 (2):93.
[13]宋言明,王芬娥.国内外马铃薯机械的发展概况[J].农机化研究,2008,(9):52.
[14]李海荣郑蕊张晓磊.小型薯类挖掘机的设计[J].机械研究与应用,2008(6):85.
[15]马屏.马铃薯收获机选型试验分析[J].农机科技推广,2008(1):25.
[16]洪鹭.薯类收获机故障分析及解决方法[J].湖南农机,2008(4):22.
[17]高建刚.农业机械促红薯产业大发展[J].山西农机,2004(1):32.
[18]农业机械设计手册(上下册).中国农业科学技术出版社,2007:85-92.
[19]机械设计师手册(上下册).机械工业出版社,2002:351-368.
[20]机械零件设计手册(上下册).冶金工业出版社,1994:196-215.
[21]工程材料手册(黑色金属材料卷).北京出版社,2001:127-230.
[22]热处理工程师手册.机械工业出版社,2004:265-271.
[23]简明热处理手册.广东科技出版社,2002:65-68.参考标准GB 5667-85农业机械生产试验方法GB 5262-85农业机械试验条件测定方法的一般规定NY/T 1004-2006秸秆还田机质量评价技术规范NY/T 500-2002秸秆还田机作业质量NY/T 1130-2006马铃薯收获机械NY/T 648-2002马铃薯收获机质量评价技术规范