粉碎起埂免耕施肥播种机主要部件的优化配置与试验分析评价
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摘要
粮食安全问题关系到经济社会发展全局,关系到人民群众切身利益。作为我国产粮大省,河南地区面临着粮食产量相对低而不稳、土壤侵蚀日趋严重、机械化水平不高等问题,因此正逐步推行保护性耕作方法。保护性耕作能够减少土壤水分蒸发和水土流失,提高蓄水保墒能力,培肥地力,改善土壤结构,减少农田风蚀及沙尘暴危害,为农作物创造良好的生态环境,实现农业生产的可持续发展。
本课题的2BMDF-10型粉碎起埂免耕施肥播种机属于保护性耕作机具,既可用于在作物秸秆粉碎后或作物秸秆直立的地块免耕播种小麦,特别是在秸秆直立的地块免耕播种小麦,又适用于在麦收后铁茬播种各种秋作物。并在以下几个方面体现了创新性和独特性:(1)配置了固定式直刀的粉碎轴,减轻了秸秆粉碎过程的动力消耗,降低作业成本;(2)利用靴鞋式铲作为开沟器开沟松土并深施化肥,形成了上松下实的种床;(3)播种开沟器采用用双圆盘单体仿形自动调节播种深度装置,形成了二次开沟播种,既防止秸秆堵塞,又能保证播种深度均匀一致;(4)利用单体橡胶轮覆土镇压,能够保持种肥沟内的墒情;(5)优化配置了起埂器,作业时可少翻或不翻土壤,动土量应小于25%,作业后有利于浇水灌溉;(6)配置了带标尺的丝杠播量调节装置,既有利于提高播量调整的准确性和方便性,又可减少了调整播量时松紧锁定螺栓的工序,提高了工作效率。
本文通过对2BMDF-10型粉碎起埂免耕施肥播种机的试验研究分析,其性能具有以下特点:(1)具有较强的适应性;(2)实现了一机多用;(3)主要技术参数和结构参数均采用了试验确定和机械动力学分析(ADAMS软件应用分析)确定,安全可靠,工作运转平稳。
通过对2BMDF-10型粉碎起埂免耕施肥播种机的技术经济效益分析及推广前景预测,该机投入使用后,既可给厂家和购机户带来直接的经济效益,又可产生明显的社会效益,其推广应用的前景十分广阔,它将给我省带来一年两熟地区农业耕作的一项重大变革。
The issue of foodstuff security relates to the overall development of an economic society and the benefit of people. And so Conservation Tillage Method is adopted by Henan province, great food-supplies province in our country,facing many problems,like poor grain yield,limited utilization ratio of precipitation,serious soil erosion and low mechanization level. it can reduce the water evaporation,the soil erosion, the farmland breeze eclipse and the sandstorm damage,improve the soil manure,the soil structur,and the ability of preserving soil moisture,and so as to create a good ecosystem environment for the farm crop,to achieve a standing agricultural development.
The 2BMDF-10 Chopping Ridging Fertilizing No-till Planter,one of the Conservation Tillage machine,can sow the wheat seed under the condition of the corn stalks chopped in the field,especially of the corn stalks standing in the field,also can be appliable to sow the Autumn-reaping crop seed after the wheat harvest. Its innovation and speciality as follows:Firstly, the chopping axle fixed with inmovable unbent blade,is propitious to reduce the dynamical consuming in process of chopping the corn stalksand therefore can reduce cost.Secondly,the narrow tine opener fixed with boot-formed shovel,can dig a ditch and fertilize the soil deeply,at the same time get a seed-bed.Thes oil is loose above the bed and solid under it.Thirdly,the dubble-disc opener is designed as planting unit,can be adjusted the planting dept by itself,dig a ditch again to sow,so as to have favorable capability of anti-blocking,to enhance the uniformity of the planting dept.Fourthly,the pressue rubber momomer-roller can press the soil and preserve soil moisture in the seed fertilizer ditch.Fifthly,the ridger is installded to be propitious to irragate corps.when it works,the soil is less move, the movable soil must be less than 25%.Sixthly,the lead screw device is fixed with sowing scale to be easy to be adjusted the sowing accuracy,and reduce the working procedure of tightening or loosing bolts.
On analysis the experiment of 2BMDF-10 Chopping Redging Fertilizing No-till Planter , its advantage as follows:Firstly,adapatblity;Secondly , one machinery,many abilities;Thirdly,the major parameters was ensured with experiments and the Mechanical Dynamical Analysis (the ADAMS software application analysis),therefore,softy ,stability.Afer analysis the economical efficiency of 2BMDF-10,and predicting its being extended feasibility,the planter will bring benefit to both manufacturer and the owners,it also has evident social benefit.It’s foreground of popularize is so wide that bring a great reform in double cropping area of North China.
本课题的2BMDF-10型粉碎起埂免耕施肥播种机属于保护性耕作机具,既可用于在作物秸秆粉碎后或作物秸秆直立的地块免耕播种小麦,特别是在秸秆直立的地块免耕播种小麦,又适用于在麦收后铁茬播种各种秋作物。并在以下几个方面体现了创新性和独特性:(1)配置了固定式直刀的粉碎轴,减轻了秸秆粉碎过程的动力消耗,降低作业成本;(2)利用靴鞋式铲作为开沟器开沟松土并深施化肥,形成了上松下实的种床;(3)播种开沟器采用用双圆盘单体仿形自动调节播种深度装置,形成了二次开沟播种,既防止秸秆堵塞,又能保证播种深度均匀一致;(4)利用单体橡胶轮覆土镇压,能够保持种肥沟内的墒情;(5)优化配置了起埂器,作业时可少翻或不翻土壤,动土量应小于25%,作业后有利于浇水灌溉;(6)配置了带标尺的丝杠播量调节装置,既有利于提高播量调整的准确性和方便性,又可减少了调整播量时松紧锁定螺栓的工序,提高了工作效率。
本文通过对2BMDF-10型粉碎起埂免耕施肥播种机的试验研究分析,其性能具有以下特点:(1)具有较强的适应性;(2)实现了一机多用;(3)主要技术参数和结构参数均采用了试验确定和机械动力学分析(ADAMS软件应用分析)确定,安全可靠,工作运转平稳。
通过对2BMDF-10型粉碎起埂免耕施肥播种机的技术经济效益分析及推广前景预测,该机投入使用后,既可给厂家和购机户带来直接的经济效益,又可产生明显的社会效益,其推广应用的前景十分广阔,它将给我省带来一年两熟地区农业耕作的一项重大变革。
The issue of foodstuff security relates to the overall development of an economic society and the benefit of people. And so Conservation Tillage Method is adopted by Henan province, great food-supplies province in our country,facing many problems,like poor grain yield,limited utilization ratio of precipitation,serious soil erosion and low mechanization level. it can reduce the water evaporation,the soil erosion, the farmland breeze eclipse and the sandstorm damage,improve the soil manure,the soil structur,and the ability of preserving soil moisture,and so as to create a good ecosystem environment for the farm crop,to achieve a standing agricultural development.
The 2BMDF-10 Chopping Ridging Fertilizing No-till Planter,one of the Conservation Tillage machine,can sow the wheat seed under the condition of the corn stalks chopped in the field,especially of the corn stalks standing in the field,also can be appliable to sow the Autumn-reaping crop seed after the wheat harvest. Its innovation and speciality as follows:Firstly, the chopping axle fixed with inmovable unbent blade,is propitious to reduce the dynamical consuming in process of chopping the corn stalksand therefore can reduce cost.Secondly,the narrow tine opener fixed with boot-formed shovel,can dig a ditch and fertilize the soil deeply,at the same time get a seed-bed.Thes oil is loose above the bed and solid under it.Thirdly,the dubble-disc opener is designed as planting unit,can be adjusted the planting dept by itself,dig a ditch again to sow,so as to have favorable capability of anti-blocking,to enhance the uniformity of the planting dept.Fourthly,the pressue rubber momomer-roller can press the soil and preserve soil moisture in the seed fertilizer ditch.Fifthly,the ridger is installded to be propitious to irragate corps.when it works,the soil is less move, the movable soil must be less than 25%.Sixthly,the lead screw device is fixed with sowing scale to be easy to be adjusted the sowing accuracy,and reduce the working procedure of tightening or loosing bolts.
On analysis the experiment of 2BMDF-10 Chopping Redging Fertilizing No-till Planter , its advantage as follows:Firstly,adapatblity;Secondly , one machinery,many abilities;Thirdly,the major parameters was ensured with experiments and the Mechanical Dynamical Analysis (the ADAMS software application analysis),therefore,softy ,stability.Afer analysis the economical efficiency of 2BMDF-10,and predicting its being extended feasibility,the planter will bring benefit to both manufacturer and the owners,it also has evident social benefit.It’s foreground of popularize is so wide that bring a great reform in double cropping area of North China.
引文
[1]赵娟伟. 2BMF-4型玉米免耕播种机的研究[D].硕士论文,河北农业大学,2007.
[2]毛罕平,陈翠英.秸秆还田机工作机理与参数分析[J],农业工程学报,95,11(4).62-66.
[3] http://www.szkj110.net/articleshow.asp?articleid=2330.
[4]高焕文,李问盈.保护性耕作技术与机具[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[5]高焕文,李问盈,李洪文.中国特色保护性耕作技术[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(3):1-4.
[6]高焕文,北方早地机械化耕作模式探讨[J].中国农业大学学报,1996,1(增刊):7-12.
[7]杨捷,梅旭荣,保护性耕作技术的发展和效益研究[J],中国农业气象,2007,28(增):73-76.
[8]高焕文.保护性耕作概念、机理与关键技术[J].四川农机,2005年第4期,22-23.
[9]李少昆,赵明,赵秉强.保护性耕作技术研究进展[A].中国作物学会,中国粮食安全战略-第九十次中国科协青年科学家论坛文集,2004,56-60.
[10]王延好,张肇鲲.保护性耕作在加拿大[J].农机市场,2005,(3),32.
[11]刘宪,刘博.澳大利亚农业暨保护性耕作[J].农机质量与监督,2004,(1),42.
[12]涂建平,徐雪红,夏忠义.南方农业保护性耕作的进展[J].农机化研究,2004,(3),30-31.
[13]李兵,李洪文.国内外小麦免耕播种机的研究现状与发展[J].中国农机化,2006,(1)46-49.
[14] http://www.sdnj.gov.cn/data/2006-06/15517.htm.
[15] Siqueira-R ,Boller-W,Gamero-CA Cutting efficiency and energy consumption fo a straw chopper in different cover crops, Engenharia-Agricola,1997,17:2, 79-86.
[16]蒋金琳.北方夏玉米免耕覆盖播种技术及配套机具的研究[J].干旱地区农业,1997,15(3),104-106.
[17]胡鸿烈等. 2BQM一6A型免耕播种机的研制[J].北京农业大学学报,1993,19(2),41-47.
[18]杜兵.小麦免耕播种机的几个结构参数的计算[J].中国农业大学学报,19%,1(4),31-34.
[19]陈君达等.玉米免耕整杆覆盖播种机的防堵装置[J].北京农业工程大学学报,1994,14(3),34-39.
[20]郭云岭,齐新.新型玉米免耕播种机的研究[J].农业工程学报,1995(l),73-75.
[21]郭云岭等. 2BY-3型玉米免耕播种机[J].农机与食品机械,1995(l),13-14.
[22]赵满全等. 2BMF-9型小麦免耕播种机的研制与试验[J].农村牧区机械化,2002,4(52),5-46.
[23]王玮,张木林等. 2BFG-10型旋耕施肥播种机[J].农机与食品机械,1996,4(244),16.
[24]余泳昌,李明枝,刘晓文.外槽轮排种器结构的改进[J].河南农业大学学报.2002(1)85-88.
[25]徐云峰.小型免耕播种机的设计和试验研究[D].硕士论文,中国农业大学,2005.
[26]姚宗路,李洪文,高焕文等.一年两熟区玉米覆盖地小麦免耕播种机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报2007,38(8),57-61.
[27]张晋国,高焕文等.不同条件下麦秸切碎效果的试验研究[J].农业工程学报2000,16(3),70-72.
[28]张晋国,高焕文.免耕播种机新型防堵装置的研究[J].农业机械学报,2000,31(4),33-35.
[29]姬江涛,李庆军等.刀具布置对茎秆切碎还田机振动的影响[J].农机化研究,2003(4),63-64.
[30] 2BMDF-10型粉碎起埂免耕施肥播种机的研制[J].农机化研究,2008(10),71-74
[31] 2BMDF-10型免耕播种施肥播种机使用说明书,2007.
[32]邱宣怀.机械设计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002,5.
[33]陈立平,张云清等.机械动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[34]郑玉金. AUTOCAD2004中文版应用实例与技巧[M].北京:电子科技出版社,2004.
[35]张贵林.简明农业机械设计标准应用手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1993.
[36]农业机械科学研究院.农机具标准汇编[M].北京:技术标准出版社,1987.
[2]毛罕平,陈翠英.秸秆还田机工作机理与参数分析[J],农业工程学报,95,11(4).62-66.
[3] http://www.szkj110.net/articleshow.asp?articleid=2330.
[4]高焕文,李问盈.保护性耕作技术与机具[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[5]高焕文,李问盈,李洪文.中国特色保护性耕作技术[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(3):1-4.
[6]高焕文,北方早地机械化耕作模式探讨[J].中国农业大学学报,1996,1(增刊):7-12.
[7]杨捷,梅旭荣,保护性耕作技术的发展和效益研究[J],中国农业气象,2007,28(增):73-76.
[8]高焕文.保护性耕作概念、机理与关键技术[J].四川农机,2005年第4期,22-23.
[9]李少昆,赵明,赵秉强.保护性耕作技术研究进展[A].中国作物学会,中国粮食安全战略-第九十次中国科协青年科学家论坛文集,2004,56-60.
[10]王延好,张肇鲲.保护性耕作在加拿大[J].农机市场,2005,(3),32.
[11]刘宪,刘博.澳大利亚农业暨保护性耕作[J].农机质量与监督,2004,(1),42.
[12]涂建平,徐雪红,夏忠义.南方农业保护性耕作的进展[J].农机化研究,2004,(3),30-31.
[13]李兵,李洪文.国内外小麦免耕播种机的研究现状与发展[J].中国农机化,2006,(1)46-49.
[14] http://www.sdnj.gov.cn/data/2006-06/15517.htm.
[15] Siqueira-R ,Boller-W,Gamero-CA Cutting efficiency and energy consumption fo a straw chopper in different cover crops, Engenharia-Agricola,1997,17:2, 79-86.
[16]蒋金琳.北方夏玉米免耕覆盖播种技术及配套机具的研究[J].干旱地区农业,1997,15(3),104-106.
[17]胡鸿烈等. 2BQM一6A型免耕播种机的研制[J].北京农业大学学报,1993,19(2),41-47.
[18]杜兵.小麦免耕播种机的几个结构参数的计算[J].中国农业大学学报,19%,1(4),31-34.
[19]陈君达等.玉米免耕整杆覆盖播种机的防堵装置[J].北京农业工程大学学报,1994,14(3),34-39.
[20]郭云岭,齐新.新型玉米免耕播种机的研究[J].农业工程学报,1995(l),73-75.
[21]郭云岭等. 2BY-3型玉米免耕播种机[J].农机与食品机械,1995(l),13-14.
[22]赵满全等. 2BMF-9型小麦免耕播种机的研制与试验[J].农村牧区机械化,2002,4(52),5-46.
[23]王玮,张木林等. 2BFG-10型旋耕施肥播种机[J].农机与食品机械,1996,4(244),16.
[24]余泳昌,李明枝,刘晓文.外槽轮排种器结构的改进[J].河南农业大学学报.2002(1)85-88.
[25]徐云峰.小型免耕播种机的设计和试验研究[D].硕士论文,中国农业大学,2005.
[26]姚宗路,李洪文,高焕文等.一年两熟区玉米覆盖地小麦免耕播种机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报2007,38(8),57-61.
[27]张晋国,高焕文等.不同条件下麦秸切碎效果的试验研究[J].农业工程学报2000,16(3),70-72.
[28]张晋国,高焕文.免耕播种机新型防堵装置的研究[J].农业机械学报,2000,31(4),33-35.
[29]姬江涛,李庆军等.刀具布置对茎秆切碎还田机振动的影响[J].农机化研究,2003(4),63-64.
[30] 2BMDF-10型粉碎起埂免耕施肥播种机的研制[J].农机化研究,2008(10),71-74
[31] 2BMDF-10型免耕播种施肥播种机使用说明书,2007.
[32]邱宣怀.机械设计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002,5.
[33]陈立平,张云清等.机械动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[34]郑玉金. AUTOCAD2004中文版应用实例与技巧[M].北京:电子科技出版社,2004.
[35]张贵林.简明农业机械设计标准应用手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1993.
[36]农业机械科学研究院.农机具标准汇编[M].北京:技术标准出版社,1987.