黔西滇东地区煤层气富集规律及流体作用研究
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摘要
论文挖掘黔西—滇东地区丰富的煤田地质勘探资料以及煤层气相关地质信息,结合研究区煤岩显微组分、煤级煤质、孔渗测试、压汞孔隙结构和低温氮比表面及流体包裹体测试结果,采取区域分析与典型地区剖析相结合的方式,综合分析了研究区煤层气成藏地质条件以及富集规律,建立了煤储层孔隙系统类型,阐述了流体活动与煤层气富集关系。研究表明:
(1)研究区晚二叠系含煤地层被分割赋存于众多独立次级向斜单元,具有向斜控气的构造特征;海陆交互相沉积,煤层厚度大、分布广;处于滞流承压水封堵区,纵向上有多套盖层叠加形成多层封闭,具备煤层气成藏的有利地质条件。
(2)研究区煤储层孔渗发育受区域构造影响具有明显的区域性差异,平面上自东北向西南方向孔隙度先增加后减少而后再增加的双峰型特征,渗透率随孔隙度的增加而增强;孔隙度受区域变质影响显著,先随R_o增长(R_o0.68%-2.3%)后缓慢下降(R_o 2.3%-3.31%)。
(3)研究区煤储层孔隙系统以微、小孔为主,其中以微孔发育占优势,大、中孔相对不发育,BET比表面积、BJH总孔体积相对较大,煤储层吸附能力强;将煤储层划分出4类压汞孔隙类型和3类液氮孔隙类型,表明盘关向斜煤储层储集性能与渗流能力最好,其次为织纳煤田,格目底向斜和滇东地区储集性较好,渗流能力差;织纳煤田吸附能力和解吸能力最好,其余地区因不利孔隙结构或者孔隙类型形成的“瓶颈”影响了煤层气的吸附解吸。
(4)研究区晚二叠世煤层古受热史主要受区域沉积埋深、岩浆热液和构造运动等多种因素共同作用控制,导致区域上煤变质程度的不均一性。
(5)滇东地区恩洪矿区煤系地层矿物包裹体中液态烃非常丰富,气态烃含量相对较低。包裹体均一温度分布范围较宽,在81℃～192℃之间;晚二叠世煤系地层流体活动期次可划分为两期:第1期发生在早三叠世至晚侏罗世晚期,属原位流体注入,煤层经历了生物气到湿气早期阶段,为煤层气大量生成阶段;第2期与晚侏罗世晚期大规模的构造运动相对应,存在下部地层中高温热流体的注入,对煤层气成藏具有一定的贡献。
Based on the rich exploration data on coal geology and geological information relating to coal bed methane in Western Guizhou and Eastern Yunnan, this paper analyzes the geological conditions and accumulation regular of the coalbed methane reservoir comprehensively, establishes the coal reservoir pore types, and also illustrates the relationships between fluid activitie and coalbed methane accumulation, with the study of coal macerals, coal rank, porosity and permeability testing, the mercury injection analyses, low temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption and fluid inclusions, The results show that,
(1) There are favorable geological conditions of Coalbed methane reservoir in the study area, including the separated Late Permian coal-bearing formation hosted in a number of independent sub-syncline units with the feature of a syncline-controlled -gas structural, transitional facies with wide distribution of thick coal seams, and locating in the stagnation pressure water sealing zone with a superposed confining reservoir of multiple sets of cap rock in vertical.
(2) Development of coal porosity and permeability is significantly influenced by regional tectonic diversity, with the porosity—increasing first and then decreasing and increasing again—in bimodal feature from northeast to southwest of the study area, and permeability increasing with increasing of porosity. The porosity is significantly affected by regional metamorphism, with the growth of R_O(R_O 0.68%-2.3%) first and then followed by a gradual decline (R_O 2.3%-3.31%).
(3) The pores are dominanted by transition pores and micropores. The development of macrppores and mesopores is relatively bad. The BET surface area and BJH total pore volume is relatively high, which indicates the good adsorption capacity in the coal reservoir. Then the pore system in the study area is divided into four mercury-injection curves types and three liquid nitrogen isotherm types. As the result, it is proved that the ability of accumulation and deliverability of the coal reservoir is best in Panguan syncline, followed by Zhina Coalfield. The Gemudi syncline and Eastern Yunnan is good at accumulation but does badly in deliverability. The adsorption and desorption capacity is best in Zhina Coalfield, while it is weak in the rest of areas owing to the adverse pore structure or pore types, which brings about "bottleneck problem" for the recovery of coalbed methane.
(4) The results show that the coal metamorphism is mainly controlled by deposition depth, magmatic hydrothermal fluids, tectonics and some so on, which lead to the nonuniformity of the coal metamorphism.
(5) The mineral inclusions in coal are rich in liquid hydrocarbon, and at relatively low levels of gaseous hydrocarbons in Enhong Mining, Eastern Yunnan. The distribution of homogenization temperature is wide, which ranges between 81℃-192℃; the fluid flow of Late Permian coal-bearing strata can be divided into two periods: the first one occurred from the Early Triassic to Late Jurassic with the injection of the in-situ fluid experiencing the early stage of bio-gas and moisture, which is the main generation phase of coalbed methane. The another one corresponds to the large scale tectonic movement in late Jurassic, with the injection of the high temperature fluid in lower strata.
(1)研究区晚二叠系含煤地层被分割赋存于众多独立次级向斜单元,具有向斜控气的构造特征;海陆交互相沉积,煤层厚度大、分布广;处于滞流承压水封堵区,纵向上有多套盖层叠加形成多层封闭,具备煤层气成藏的有利地质条件。
(2)研究区煤储层孔渗发育受区域构造影响具有明显的区域性差异,平面上自东北向西南方向孔隙度先增加后减少而后再增加的双峰型特征,渗透率随孔隙度的增加而增强;孔隙度受区域变质影响显著,先随R_o增长(R_o0.68%-2.3%)后缓慢下降(R_o 2.3%-3.31%)。
(3)研究区煤储层孔隙系统以微、小孔为主,其中以微孔发育占优势,大、中孔相对不发育,BET比表面积、BJH总孔体积相对较大,煤储层吸附能力强;将煤储层划分出4类压汞孔隙类型和3类液氮孔隙类型,表明盘关向斜煤储层储集性能与渗流能力最好,其次为织纳煤田,格目底向斜和滇东地区储集性较好,渗流能力差;织纳煤田吸附能力和解吸能力最好,其余地区因不利孔隙结构或者孔隙类型形成的“瓶颈”影响了煤层气的吸附解吸。
(4)研究区晚二叠世煤层古受热史主要受区域沉积埋深、岩浆热液和构造运动等多种因素共同作用控制,导致区域上煤变质程度的不均一性。
(5)滇东地区恩洪矿区煤系地层矿物包裹体中液态烃非常丰富,气态烃含量相对较低。包裹体均一温度分布范围较宽,在81℃～192℃之间;晚二叠世煤系地层流体活动期次可划分为两期:第1期发生在早三叠世至晚侏罗世晚期,属原位流体注入,煤层经历了生物气到湿气早期阶段,为煤层气大量生成阶段;第2期与晚侏罗世晚期大规模的构造运动相对应,存在下部地层中高温热流体的注入,对煤层气成藏具有一定的贡献。
Based on the rich exploration data on coal geology and geological information relating to coal bed methane in Western Guizhou and Eastern Yunnan, this paper analyzes the geological conditions and accumulation regular of the coalbed methane reservoir comprehensively, establishes the coal reservoir pore types, and also illustrates the relationships between fluid activitie and coalbed methane accumulation, with the study of coal macerals, coal rank, porosity and permeability testing, the mercury injection analyses, low temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption and fluid inclusions, The results show that,
(1) There are favorable geological conditions of Coalbed methane reservoir in the study area, including the separated Late Permian coal-bearing formation hosted in a number of independent sub-syncline units with the feature of a syncline-controlled -gas structural, transitional facies with wide distribution of thick coal seams, and locating in the stagnation pressure water sealing zone with a superposed confining reservoir of multiple sets of cap rock in vertical.
(2) Development of coal porosity and permeability is significantly influenced by regional tectonic diversity, with the porosity—increasing first and then decreasing and increasing again—in bimodal feature from northeast to southwest of the study area, and permeability increasing with increasing of porosity. The porosity is significantly affected by regional metamorphism, with the growth of R_O(R_O 0.68%-2.3%) first and then followed by a gradual decline (R_O 2.3%-3.31%).
(3) The pores are dominanted by transition pores and micropores. The development of macrppores and mesopores is relatively bad. The BET surface area and BJH total pore volume is relatively high, which indicates the good adsorption capacity in the coal reservoir. Then the pore system in the study area is divided into four mercury-injection curves types and three liquid nitrogen isotherm types. As the result, it is proved that the ability of accumulation and deliverability of the coal reservoir is best in Panguan syncline, followed by Zhina Coalfield. The Gemudi syncline and Eastern Yunnan is good at accumulation but does badly in deliverability. The adsorption and desorption capacity is best in Zhina Coalfield, while it is weak in the rest of areas owing to the adverse pore structure or pore types, which brings about "bottleneck problem" for the recovery of coalbed methane.
(4) The results show that the coal metamorphism is mainly controlled by deposition depth, magmatic hydrothermal fluids, tectonics and some so on, which lead to the nonuniformity of the coal metamorphism.
(5) The mineral inclusions in coal are rich in liquid hydrocarbon, and at relatively low levels of gaseous hydrocarbons in Enhong Mining, Eastern Yunnan. The distribution of homogenization temperature is wide, which ranges between 81℃-192℃; the fluid flow of Late Permian coal-bearing strata can be divided into two periods: the first one occurred from the Early Triassic to Late Jurassic with the injection of the in-situ fluid experiencing the early stage of bio-gas and moisture, which is the main generation phase of coalbed methane. The another one corresponds to the large scale tectonic movement in late Jurassic, with the injection of the high temperature fluid in lower strata.
引文
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