大叶女贞茎直径变化与树干液流速率变化关系的研究
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摘要
本文以常绿阔叶树种大叶女贞为研究对象,采用树木径向变化记录仪(dendrometer)和热扩散式树干边材液流测定探针(TDP)测定技术,本次研究拟通过对大叶女贞茎直径变化与树干液流变化关系的研究,得出大叶女贞蒸腾特征,以及大叶女贞茎直径变化与树干液流变化的定量关系,为实际灌溉工作提供相应的理论依据。该研究的主要结论如下:
(1)大叶女贞茎直径在晴天和阴天天气条件下遵循收缩-膨胀-生长的变化规律,茎直径指标能够比较好地反应气象因子的变化。在连续雨天天气条件下,由于树木自身特征导致不同植株对环境响应存在差异,且不同植株间茎直径变化规律不明显,而当降雨量增加时茎直径会急剧减小,说明雨天条件下降水量是影响茎直径变化的主要气象因子。
(2)大叶女贞茎直径变化在整个生长季的变化规律为慢-快-慢,生长曲线呈现为“S”型。在整个生长季中大叶女贞要经历2个生长旺盛期,分别为6月底和8月中旬,此时应该加强对大叶女贞水分管理,使其更好生长。
(3)大叶女贞树干液流速率变化规律在晴天和阴天天气条件下呈现为单峰曲线,树干液流速率可以对气象因子变化作出实时响应。在雨天条件下,空气温度、空气湿度和光合有效辐射变化对树干液流影响不大,降水量与树干液流变化存在着一定的关系,当降水开始时树干液流速率会突然降低随后恢复正常。
(4)大叶女贞树干液流速率年变化总体趋势为逐渐递增。由于大叶女贞是常绿阔叶树种,4月底到5月初过冬树叶掉落,影响树干液流速率,5月树干液流速率低于4月,9月大叶女贞不会迅速停止生长和落叶,树干液流速率还维持在一定的水平,但是树木生长速度明显减慢。
(5)茎直径和树干液流具有反比关系,都能表现树木的生长状态。茎直径反应植物宏观上的变化,由于树木本身特征对环境变化的响应茎直径不如树干液流迅速,短时间内树干液流速率能够很好的表现树木生长状态。从茎直径和树干液流速率年变化来看得出茎直径的变化可以直观的看出树木在一年生长过程中的变化,而树干液流只能表现树木的生命活动活跃度而并不能直接反应树木生长的快慢。
(6)在晴好的天气条件下,茎直径和树干液流日变化与各个气象因子明显相关,但阴天条件下树干液流速率能实时反映气象因子的变化。在整个生长季中,茎直径比树干液流速率能更好的反映树木长时间的生长状态,在树木生长前期空气温度为影响生长的主要因素,到了树木生长后期光合有效辐射变成影响树木生长的主要因素。
(7)大叶女贞主干和各分枝液流的日变化均为单峰曲线。在连续晴天情况下大叶女贞主干与各分枝液流偏相关系数分别为0.837、0.364、0.761。在树木蒸腾过程中,分枝的直径越大得到主干提供的水分越多,因此在修剪树木中应避免损伤直径较大的分枝,以免树木大量失水导致死亡。根据主干和各分枝的平均液流速率以及主干和各分枝的直径来看,分枝1和分枝3的直径比较大,能够较好地反应树木生长规律;分枝2的直径最小,变化规律不明显,说明分枝的直径越小对环境变化的响应能力越低。因此,在安装仪器时应选择直径大的分枝进行安装。
Dendrometer and TDP (Thermal Dissipation Sapwood Flow Velocity Probe) were applied to study the relationgship between stem diameter variation and sap flow fluctuation of Ligustrun lucidum .The main suggestions are showed as follow.
(1) When the weather was sunny or cloudy, the growth variation of the stem diameter was contraction-expansion– growth, it has relationship between the indexs of the stem diameter and meteorological factors.The rainfull had great influence to the diameter of stem, the diameter dewindles as the rainfull increases.Therefore the rainfull was the main meteorological factor to the variation of the stem diameter.
(2) The growth curve of stem presents a“s”-type.Between June to August, the plants grows better by controlling the water as the plants needs
(3) In sunny or cloudy day, the sap flow revealed a single-peak curve.It responds rapidly to the change of the meteorological factors.In rainy day, the sap flow reduces suddenly when the weather begins to rain, and then it goes back normal at last.
(4) In the growing period, the rates of sap flow increased grandually.The rates of sap flow at April is higher than it was in May, because the leaves bagan to fall.In September, the rates of sap flow keeps the high level for the leaves did not fall in Autunm.
(5) The stem diameter and the sap flow the relationship were inversely, and related which could all precipitates the status of the plant.The stem diameter showed the growing conditions of plants in a long time, the sap flow showed the activities of vitalmovement of plants immediately.
(6) In sunny day, the stem diameter and the sap flow respondeds clearly to the change of the meteorological factors.In cloudy day, the sap flow respondeds to the change of the meteorological factors immediately.The stem diameter showed that the air temperature is the main meteorological factor at the early days of the growing period, and the photosynthetically active radiation became the main meteorological factor at the later period of the growing period.
(7) The diurnal variation of sap flow of each branches revealed a single-peak curve.There existed significant correlations between the stem sap flow of bough and branch #1 ( r = 0.837) , branch #2 ( r = 0.364) , and branch #3 ( r = 0.761).Compare the peak height of each branches, it is known that the peak height of the bough significantly is greater than other branches which is conformed to the actual flow from the bough to branches.The average sap flow rate for branches and the diameter of branches shows that the smaller the diameter of branches is, the weaker the adaptability of environment could be.
(1)大叶女贞茎直径在晴天和阴天天气条件下遵循收缩-膨胀-生长的变化规律,茎直径指标能够比较好地反应气象因子的变化。在连续雨天天气条件下,由于树木自身特征导致不同植株对环境响应存在差异,且不同植株间茎直径变化规律不明显,而当降雨量增加时茎直径会急剧减小,说明雨天条件下降水量是影响茎直径变化的主要气象因子。
(2)大叶女贞茎直径变化在整个生长季的变化规律为慢-快-慢,生长曲线呈现为“S”型。在整个生长季中大叶女贞要经历2个生长旺盛期,分别为6月底和8月中旬,此时应该加强对大叶女贞水分管理,使其更好生长。
(3)大叶女贞树干液流速率变化规律在晴天和阴天天气条件下呈现为单峰曲线,树干液流速率可以对气象因子变化作出实时响应。在雨天条件下,空气温度、空气湿度和光合有效辐射变化对树干液流影响不大,降水量与树干液流变化存在着一定的关系,当降水开始时树干液流速率会突然降低随后恢复正常。
(4)大叶女贞树干液流速率年变化总体趋势为逐渐递增。由于大叶女贞是常绿阔叶树种,4月底到5月初过冬树叶掉落,影响树干液流速率,5月树干液流速率低于4月,9月大叶女贞不会迅速停止生长和落叶,树干液流速率还维持在一定的水平,但是树木生长速度明显减慢。
(5)茎直径和树干液流具有反比关系,都能表现树木的生长状态。茎直径反应植物宏观上的变化,由于树木本身特征对环境变化的响应茎直径不如树干液流迅速,短时间内树干液流速率能够很好的表现树木生长状态。从茎直径和树干液流速率年变化来看得出茎直径的变化可以直观的看出树木在一年生长过程中的变化,而树干液流只能表现树木的生命活动活跃度而并不能直接反应树木生长的快慢。
(6)在晴好的天气条件下,茎直径和树干液流日变化与各个气象因子明显相关,但阴天条件下树干液流速率能实时反映气象因子的变化。在整个生长季中,茎直径比树干液流速率能更好的反映树木长时间的生长状态,在树木生长前期空气温度为影响生长的主要因素,到了树木生长后期光合有效辐射变成影响树木生长的主要因素。
(7)大叶女贞主干和各分枝液流的日变化均为单峰曲线。在连续晴天情况下大叶女贞主干与各分枝液流偏相关系数分别为0.837、0.364、0.761。在树木蒸腾过程中,分枝的直径越大得到主干提供的水分越多,因此在修剪树木中应避免损伤直径较大的分枝,以免树木大量失水导致死亡。根据主干和各分枝的平均液流速率以及主干和各分枝的直径来看,分枝1和分枝3的直径比较大,能够较好地反应树木生长规律;分枝2的直径最小,变化规律不明显,说明分枝的直径越小对环境变化的响应能力越低。因此,在安装仪器时应选择直径大的分枝进行安装。
Dendrometer and TDP (Thermal Dissipation Sapwood Flow Velocity Probe) were applied to study the relationgship between stem diameter variation and sap flow fluctuation of Ligustrun lucidum .The main suggestions are showed as follow.
(1) When the weather was sunny or cloudy, the growth variation of the stem diameter was contraction-expansion– growth, it has relationship between the indexs of the stem diameter and meteorological factors.The rainfull had great influence to the diameter of stem, the diameter dewindles as the rainfull increases.Therefore the rainfull was the main meteorological factor to the variation of the stem diameter.
(2) The growth curve of stem presents a“s”-type.Between June to August, the plants grows better by controlling the water as the plants needs
(3) In sunny or cloudy day, the sap flow revealed a single-peak curve.It responds rapidly to the change of the meteorological factors.In rainy day, the sap flow reduces suddenly when the weather begins to rain, and then it goes back normal at last.
(4) In the growing period, the rates of sap flow increased grandually.The rates of sap flow at April is higher than it was in May, because the leaves bagan to fall.In September, the rates of sap flow keeps the high level for the leaves did not fall in Autunm.
(5) The stem diameter and the sap flow the relationship were inversely, and related which could all precipitates the status of the plant.The stem diameter showed the growing conditions of plants in a long time, the sap flow showed the activities of vitalmovement of plants immediately.
(6) In sunny day, the stem diameter and the sap flow respondeds clearly to the change of the meteorological factors.In cloudy day, the sap flow respondeds to the change of the meteorological factors immediately.The stem diameter showed that the air temperature is the main meteorological factor at the early days of the growing period, and the photosynthetically active radiation became the main meteorological factor at the later period of the growing period.
(7) The diurnal variation of sap flow of each branches revealed a single-peak curve.There existed significant correlations between the stem sap flow of bough and branch #1 ( r = 0.837) , branch #2 ( r = 0.364) , and branch #3 ( r = 0.761).Compare the peak height of each branches, it is known that the peak height of the bough significantly is greater than other branches which is conformed to the actual flow from the bough to branches.The average sap flow rate for branches and the diameter of branches shows that the smaller the diameter of branches is, the weaker the adaptability of environment could be.
引文
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