BaTiO_3基铁电陶瓷性能研究
|
摘要
以Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3为基,从离子价态和半径角度考虑,选用不等价离子掺杂B位,采用固相反应方法制备了Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3陶瓷,结合实验结果探讨了掺杂对陶瓷烧结特性、介电弛豫特性、相变特性以及材料的铁电性质的影响。
1.研究了三价不等径离子(Co3+、Sb3+)单独掺杂对Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3陶瓷结构和性能影响。XRD分析结果表明掺杂离子进入晶格,随着掺杂量增加,晶粒变细且均匀。掺杂量后出现了介电弥散现象,用成分波动理论解释了介电弥散原因。研究结果还表明,陶瓷的致密度、介电性能均与陶瓷晶粒尺寸大小有关,掺杂后陶瓷的电滞回线均发生变化,Sb3+掺杂使矫顽场和剩余极化减小并解释了原因。
2.在固定Al3+掺杂含量的基础上,选用Nb5+、V5+不等量电荷补偿掺杂,研究不等量复合掺杂对Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3结构和性能的影响。研究结果表明:Al-V复合掺杂烧结时V2O5产生了液相,促进了烧结,陶瓷呈现普通铁电体特征。而Al-Nb掺杂后可以观察到明显的弥散现象。
3.研究等量补偿电荷(Co3+和V5+、Sb3+和Nb5+、Co3+和Nb5+)复合掺杂B位对Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3陶瓷的结构和性能的影响。XRD表明复合掺杂后离子进入晶格后引起衍射峰移动,并且陶瓷均出现了第二相。等量补偿电荷复合掺杂使陶瓷介电峰更容易宽化,均呈现弥散特性。其中Co3+和V5+复合掺杂陶瓷烧结时出现了液相,降低了烧结温度。Sb3+和Nb5+共掺杂后出现明显的弛豫现象。用偶极子产生的无规电场解释了弛豫现象的产生。
Ions with different valence and radius are doped at B site of Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 base ceramics which are the perovskite structure. The Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 base ceramics are prepared by traditional solid phase reaction. Sintering characteristic, phase transition, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 base ceramics doped with additive have been investigated
1.The influence of doped with the different radii(Co3+,Sb3+) ions on structure and properties has been studied. XRD results show that the ions have entered into the lattice. With increasing of the content of doped additives, the crystallite size for Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 ceramic becomes smaller and more homogeneous, and the phase diffusion appears obviously. The diffuse phase transition is explained by the composition fluctuate theory. The results also show that the density and the dielectric properties of ceramics are related to the crystallite size. The hysteresis loop also changes after doping. Both the coervice field Ec and the remanent polarization Pr decrease.
2.On the basis of fixing content of Al3+ codoping inequal radii(Nb5+,V5+) ions, the influence on structure and properties of Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 has been studied. The research results show that there is liquid phase generated during codoped sintering of V2O5 and the liquid phase can accelerate the course of sintering. The Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 ceramics presents common ferroelectric characteristic. But after Al-Nb doped, obvious diffusing phenomenon can be observed.
3. The influence of equivalent compensation charge (Co3+ and V5+ , Sb3+ and Nb5+ , Co3+ and Nb5+) codoped at B site on structure and properties of Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 ceramic has been studied. The results of XRD show that the codoped ions have entered into the crystal lattice and have made the diffraction peak move. What’s more, the second phase also appears in the ceramics. After the codoping of equivalent compensation charge, it’s easier for the dielectric peak to widen, and all present dispersion characteristics. The sintering temperature is reduced when the Co3+and V5+ codoped for liquid sintering. Relaxation phenomenon can be obviously observed when Sb3+and Nb5+ are codoped. The relaxation phenomenon can be explained by the random electric field caused by dipole.
1.研究了三价不等径离子(Co3+、Sb3+)单独掺杂对Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3陶瓷结构和性能影响。XRD分析结果表明掺杂离子进入晶格,随着掺杂量增加,晶粒变细且均匀。掺杂量后出现了介电弥散现象,用成分波动理论解释了介电弥散原因。研究结果还表明,陶瓷的致密度、介电性能均与陶瓷晶粒尺寸大小有关,掺杂后陶瓷的电滞回线均发生变化,Sb3+掺杂使矫顽场和剩余极化减小并解释了原因。
2.在固定Al3+掺杂含量的基础上,选用Nb5+、V5+不等量电荷补偿掺杂,研究不等量复合掺杂对Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3结构和性能的影响。研究结果表明:Al-V复合掺杂烧结时V2O5产生了液相,促进了烧结,陶瓷呈现普通铁电体特征。而Al-Nb掺杂后可以观察到明显的弥散现象。
3.研究等量补偿电荷(Co3+和V5+、Sb3+和Nb5+、Co3+和Nb5+)复合掺杂B位对Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3陶瓷的结构和性能的影响。XRD表明复合掺杂后离子进入晶格后引起衍射峰移动,并且陶瓷均出现了第二相。等量补偿电荷复合掺杂使陶瓷介电峰更容易宽化,均呈现弥散特性。其中Co3+和V5+复合掺杂陶瓷烧结时出现了液相,降低了烧结温度。Sb3+和Nb5+共掺杂后出现明显的弛豫现象。用偶极子产生的无规电场解释了弛豫现象的产生。
Ions with different valence and radius are doped at B site of Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 base ceramics which are the perovskite structure. The Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 base ceramics are prepared by traditional solid phase reaction. Sintering characteristic, phase transition, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 base ceramics doped with additive have been investigated
1.The influence of doped with the different radii(Co3+,Sb3+) ions on structure and properties has been studied. XRD results show that the ions have entered into the lattice. With increasing of the content of doped additives, the crystallite size for Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 ceramic becomes smaller and more homogeneous, and the phase diffusion appears obviously. The diffuse phase transition is explained by the composition fluctuate theory. The results also show that the density and the dielectric properties of ceramics are related to the crystallite size. The hysteresis loop also changes after doping. Both the coervice field Ec and the remanent polarization Pr decrease.
2.On the basis of fixing content of Al3+ codoping inequal radii(Nb5+,V5+) ions, the influence on structure and properties of Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 has been studied. The research results show that there is liquid phase generated during codoped sintering of V2O5 and the liquid phase can accelerate the course of sintering. The Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 ceramics presents common ferroelectric characteristic. But after Al-Nb doped, obvious diffusing phenomenon can be observed.
3. The influence of equivalent compensation charge (Co3+ and V5+ , Sb3+ and Nb5+ , Co3+ and Nb5+) codoped at B site on structure and properties of Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3 ceramic has been studied. The results of XRD show that the codoped ions have entered into the crystal lattice and have made the diffraction peak move. What’s more, the second phase also appears in the ceramics. After the codoping of equivalent compensation charge, it’s easier for the dielectric peak to widen, and all present dispersion characteristics. The sintering temperature is reduced when the Co3+and V5+ codoped for liquid sintering. Relaxation phenomenon can be obviously observed when Sb3+and Nb5+ are codoped. The relaxation phenomenon can be explained by the random electric field caused by dipole.
引文
[1]符春林,潘复生,蔡苇等.铁电材料的发展历史和现状[J].重庆科技学院学报, 2008,10(6):55-58.
[2]钟维烈.铁电体物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.1-631.
[3]张善涛.Bi基层状铁电氧化物Srm-3Bi4TimO3m+3(m=3,4,5,6)薄膜的制备和性能研究[D].南京:南京大学,2000.
[4] Duan X,Luo W,Wu W, et al, Dielectric response of ferroelectric relaxors, Solid State Communication, (2000)114, 597~600.
[5] Sanjiv Kumar, Raju V S, Kutty T R N, Investigations on the chemical state of sintered barium titanate by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, [J].Applied Surface Science, (2003)206, 250~261.
[6] Bastow T J, Whitfield H J, Ba and Ti NMR: Electric Field Gradients in Non-cubic phase of BaTiO3, Solid State Communications, (2001)117, 483~488.
[7]陈涛.BaTiO3基介电性能研究[D].硕士毕业论文西华大学2007.7.
[8]肖定全,王民.晶体物理学[M].四川大学出版社,91-95.
[9]刘梅冬,许毓春.压电铁电材料与器件[M].华中理工大学出版社,1990,17-2.
[10]李标荣,莫以豪,王筱珍等, [M].北京:国防工业出版社,(1980)1, 230-265.
[11] L.E.Cross.Relaxor ferroelectrics:An overview[J].Ferroeleetrics,1994,151:305~320.
[12] N.W.Thomas.A new framework for understanding relaxor ferroeleetrics[J].J·Phys.Chem.Solid. 1990,51(12):1419~1431.
[13] Straube U, Langhammer H T, Abicht H P, et al, Elastic behaviour of multiplayer piezoceramic BaTi1-xSnxO3 in the lower MHz region, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, (1999)19, 1171~1174.
[14]Yung Park, Yoonho Kim, Dielectric temperature charactristic of additives modified barium titanate having core-shell structure ceramics, Journal of Materials Research, (1995)10, 2770~2776
[15] Hennings D,Rosenstein G. Temperature-Stable Dielectrics Based on Chemically Inhomogeneous BaTiO3[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society ,1984 ,67(4);249-254.
[16] KahnM. Influence of Grain Growth on Dielectric Properties of Nb-Doped BaTiO3[J]Journal of the American Ceramic Society ,1971,54(9) :455- 457.
[17] Subbarao E C ,Shirane G. Dielectric and Structural Studies in the Systems Ba(Ti, Nb)O3 and Ba(Ti, Ta)O3.[J]Journal of the American CeramicSociety ,1959 ,42(6) :279-284.
[18] Murugaraj P , Kutty T, Subba Rao M. Diffuse phase transformations in neodymium-doped BaTiO3. [J] Journal of Material science ,1986 ,21(10) :3521–3527.
[19] Qi J Q ,Chen WP ,Wang Y,et al. Dielectric properties of barium titanate ceramics doped by B2O? vapor[J].Journal of Applied Physics ,2004 ,96 (11) :6937–6939.
[20] Hennings D F K,Schreinemacher B , Schreinemacher H. High-permittivity dielectric ceramics with high endurance [J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society ,1994 ,13(1):81-88.
[21] Chen A,Zhi Y,Zhi J,et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Ba (Ti1-xCex) O3 Ceramics [J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,1997,17(10) :1217– 1221.
[22] Kurata N,Kuwabara M. Semiconducting-Insulating Transition for Highly Donor-Dopod Barium Titanate Ceramics [J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1993,76 (6) :1605-1608.
[23] Morrison F D ,Sinclair D C, Electrical and structural characteristics of lanthanum-doped barium titanate ceramics [J].Journal of AppliedPhysics ,1999 ,86 (11) :6355-6366.
[24] Jing Z ,Ang C , Yu Z, et al. Influence of Tungsten Dopant on Sintering and Curie Temperatures of Ba (Zr0.10 Ti 0.90) O3 Ceramics [J].Journal of Applied Physics ,1998 ,84(2) :983-986.
[25] Baxter P ,Hellicar N J ,Lewis B. Effect of additives of limited solid solubility on ferroelectric properties of barium titanate ceramics[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society ,1959 ,42(10) :465- 470
[26] OKAZAKI K. Ceramic Engineering for Dielectrics Fourth Edition. 1992 ,Tokyo : Gakken2sha Publishing Co.Ltd.1992 :281-285.
[27] Nagai T , Iijima K,Hwang H J ,et al. Electric and Dielectric Properties-Effect of MgO Doping on the Phase Transformations of BaTiO3 [J].Journal of the AmericanCeramic Society ,2000 ,83(1) :107 - 112
[28] Wada S ,Suzuki T,Noma T. Deposition of carbon films by electrolysis of a water-ethylene glycol solution [J].Journal of Materials Research ,1995 ,10(2) :306 - 311
[29] Frey M H ,Payne D A. Grain-size effect on structure and phase transformations for barium titanate[J].Physical Review B ,1996 ,54( 5) :3158.
[30]Lee B W,Auh K H. Effect of grain size and mechanical processing on the dielectric properties of BaTiO3[M] Journal of Materials Research ,1995,10(6):1418-1423.
[31]Uchino K Sadanaga E Hiro se.T Hydrothermal synthesis and characterisation of BaTiO 3 fine powders: precursors, polymorphism and properties Journal of the American Ceramic societ [J]1997,2:1-1.
[32] Begg B D Vance E R,Nowotny J. Higher-Order Laue Zone (HOLZ) Line Patterns and their Applications in Determining Microstructures in Barium-Titanate-Based CeramicsJournal of the American Ceramic Society.1994.77(12) :3186 -3192.
[33] Ern V,Newnham R E. Journal of the American Ceramic Society ,1961 ,44(4):199-199
[34] Begg B D,Finnie K S,Vance E R. Raman study of the relationship between room-temperature tetragonality and the curie point of barium titanate Journal of the American Ceramic Society ,1996 ,79(10) :2666– 2672.
[35] Zhuang Z Q ,Harmer M P ,Smyth D M,et al. The effect of octahedrally-coordinated calcium on the ferroelectric transition of BaTiO3, Materials Research Bulletin ,1987,22(10):1329-1335
[36] DeVries R C. Lowering of Curie Temperature of BaTiO 3 by Chemical Reduction Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1960,43 (4):226-226.
[37] Burn I. Mn-doped polycrystalline BaTiO3 Journal of Materials Science,1979,14(10):2453-2458.
[38] Hardtl K H ,Wernicke R. Lowering the Curie temperature in reduced BaTiO3.Solid State Communications ,1972 ,10 (1):153-157
[39]Kuwabara M ,Matsuda H, Kurata N , et al. Shift of the Curie point of barium titanate ceramics with sintering temperature Journal of the American Ceramic Society ,1997 ,80(10) :2590 - 2596
[40] Lee S ,Liu Z-K,Kim M-H ,et al.Influence of nonstoichiometry on ferroelectric phase transition in BaTiO3Journal of Applied Physics ,2007,101 (5):054119 - 8
[41] Samara G A. Pressure and Temperature Dependence of the Dielectric Properties and Phase Transitions of the Antiferroelectric Perovskites: PbZrO3 and PbHfO3,Physical Review ,1966 ,151(2) 378 [42 ] Baeten F,Derks B,Coppens W,et al. Barium titanate characterization by differential scanning calorimetryJournal of the European Ceramic Society ,2006 ,26(4-5) :589 - 592.
[43] Hwang J H, Han Y H. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics ,Part 1:Regular Papers and Short Notes and Review Papers ,2001,40(2A) :676-679
[44] Posternak M,Resta R,Baldereschi A, Roles of covalent bonding in the polarization of perovskite oxides: the case of KNbO3, Phys Rev, (1994)50, 8911~8914
[45] Bakker H J, Hunsche S, Kurz H, Quantum-mechanical description of the ferroelectric phase transition in LiTaO3,Phys Rev, (1993)48, 9331~9335.
[46] Inbar I,Cohen R E,Comparison of the electronic structures and energetics of LiTaO3 and LiNbO3, Phys Rev, (1994)53, 1193~1204
[47] Huber J E, Fleck N A, Landis C M, et al, A constitutive model for ferroelectric polycrystals, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, (1999)47, 1663~1697
[48] Kvyatkovskii O E, Theory of isotope effect in displacive ferroelectrics, Solid State Communications, (2001)117, 455~459
[49] Borstel G, Eglitis R I, Kotomin E A, et al, Modeling of defects and surfaces in perovskite, ferroelectrics, (2002)237, 687~693.
[50] Vincent Meyer, Jean-Michel Sallese, Pierre Fazan, et al, Modeling the polarization in ferroelectric materials: a novel analytical approach, Solid-State Electronics, (2003)47, 1479~1486.
[51] Xu J,Menesklou W, Iverstiffee E.Investigation of BZT thin films for tunable microwave applications[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2005,25(12);2009-2012.
[52] Lee B W Cho S B.Preparation of BaZrxTil-xO3 by the hydrothermal process from peroxo-precursors[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2005.25(12);2009-2012
[53] TangXG ChenKH,Chan HLW Diffuse phasetransitionand dielectric tunability of Ba(ZryTil-y)O3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics[J].Acta Mater 2004.52(17):5l77～5l83.
[54] Choi W S,Yi J.Hong B,et a1.The effect of cerium doping in barium zirconium titanate thin films deposited by rf magnetron sputtering system[J]Mater Sci Eng B,2004,l09(1-3):l46-l51.
[55] Wang Y Li L,Qi J,et a1.Ferroelectric characteristics of ytterbium-doped barium zirconium titanate ceramics [J].Ceram Int,2002,28(6):657--661.
[56] Zhi Yu, Chen Ang, Ruyan Guo, Bhalla A S. Ferroelectric-relaxor behavior of Ba (Ti0.7Zr0.3) O3 ceramics [J]. J Appl Phys, 2002, 92(5): 2655- 2657.
[57] Santosh Mahadeorao Bobade,Praksh Gopalan,and Duck-kyun Chol Dielectric properties of La3+ at A site and Al3+and Ga3+ doped at B site in BaTiO3 [J] J Appl-Phys,48(2009)041402.
[58]宋祥云,陈大任,等.BaTiO3陶瓷的晶粒壳-芯结构与畴[J].硅酸盐学报,1992,20(3):256—260.
[59]王悦辉,庄志强,等.Nb、Co、La掺杂对B介质陶瓷性能的影响[J].电子元件与材料,2005, 24(1): 29-31.
[60]Noguchi Y and Miyayama M.Larse remanent polarization of vanadium -doped Bi4Ti3OI2[J].App1.Phys.Lett.,2001-78:1903—1905.
[61]凌志远,邱文辉,王科.Sb2O3掺杂对PZT压电陶瓷微观结构与性能的影响[J].电子元件与材料, 2005,8.
[62]李月明,陈文,徐庆等.Sb2O3掺杂(Na0.84K0.16)0.5Bi0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷的压电与介电性能研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006,2.
[63] Shulman H S,Damjanovic D,setter N. Niobium Doping and Dielectric Anomalies in Bismuth Titanate[J]. J.Am.ceram.Soc.2000.83(3):528
[2]钟维烈.铁电体物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.1-631.
[3]张善涛.Bi基层状铁电氧化物Srm-3Bi4TimO3m+3(m=3,4,5,6)薄膜的制备和性能研究[D].南京:南京大学,2000.
[4] Duan X,Luo W,Wu W, et al, Dielectric response of ferroelectric relaxors, Solid State Communication, (2000)114, 597~600.
[5] Sanjiv Kumar, Raju V S, Kutty T R N, Investigations on the chemical state of sintered barium titanate by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, [J].Applied Surface Science, (2003)206, 250~261.
[6] Bastow T J, Whitfield H J, Ba and Ti NMR: Electric Field Gradients in Non-cubic phase of BaTiO3, Solid State Communications, (2001)117, 483~488.
[7]陈涛.BaTiO3基介电性能研究[D].硕士毕业论文西华大学2007.7.
[8]肖定全,王民.晶体物理学[M].四川大学出版社,91-95.
[9]刘梅冬,许毓春.压电铁电材料与器件[M].华中理工大学出版社,1990,17-2.
[10]李标荣,莫以豪,王筱珍等, [M].北京:国防工业出版社,(1980)1, 230-265.
[11] L.E.Cross.Relaxor ferroelectrics:An overview[J].Ferroeleetrics,1994,151:305~320.
[12] N.W.Thomas.A new framework for understanding relaxor ferroeleetrics[J].J·Phys.Chem.Solid. 1990,51(12):1419~1431.
[13] Straube U, Langhammer H T, Abicht H P, et al, Elastic behaviour of multiplayer piezoceramic BaTi1-xSnxO3 in the lower MHz region, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, (1999)19, 1171~1174.
[14]Yung Park, Yoonho Kim, Dielectric temperature charactristic of additives modified barium titanate having core-shell structure ceramics, Journal of Materials Research, (1995)10, 2770~2776
[15] Hennings D,Rosenstein G. Temperature-Stable Dielectrics Based on Chemically Inhomogeneous BaTiO3[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society ,1984 ,67(4);249-254.
[16] KahnM. Influence of Grain Growth on Dielectric Properties of Nb-Doped BaTiO3[J]Journal of the American Ceramic Society ,1971,54(9) :455- 457.
[17] Subbarao E C ,Shirane G. Dielectric and Structural Studies in the Systems Ba(Ti, Nb)O3 and Ba(Ti, Ta)O3.[J]Journal of the American CeramicSociety ,1959 ,42(6) :279-284.
[18] Murugaraj P , Kutty T, Subba Rao M. Diffuse phase transformations in neodymium-doped BaTiO3. [J] Journal of Material science ,1986 ,21(10) :3521–3527.
[19] Qi J Q ,Chen WP ,Wang Y,et al. Dielectric properties of barium titanate ceramics doped by B2O? vapor[J].Journal of Applied Physics ,2004 ,96 (11) :6937–6939.
[20] Hennings D F K,Schreinemacher B , Schreinemacher H. High-permittivity dielectric ceramics with high endurance [J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society ,1994 ,13(1):81-88.
[21] Chen A,Zhi Y,Zhi J,et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Ba (Ti1-xCex) O3 Ceramics [J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,1997,17(10) :1217– 1221.
[22] Kurata N,Kuwabara M. Semiconducting-Insulating Transition for Highly Donor-Dopod Barium Titanate Ceramics [J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1993,76 (6) :1605-1608.
[23] Morrison F D ,Sinclair D C, Electrical and structural characteristics of lanthanum-doped barium titanate ceramics [J].Journal of AppliedPhysics ,1999 ,86 (11) :6355-6366.
[24] Jing Z ,Ang C , Yu Z, et al. Influence of Tungsten Dopant on Sintering and Curie Temperatures of Ba (Zr0.10 Ti 0.90) O3 Ceramics [J].Journal of Applied Physics ,1998 ,84(2) :983-986.
[25] Baxter P ,Hellicar N J ,Lewis B. Effect of additives of limited solid solubility on ferroelectric properties of barium titanate ceramics[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society ,1959 ,42(10) :465- 470
[26] OKAZAKI K. Ceramic Engineering for Dielectrics Fourth Edition. 1992 ,Tokyo : Gakken2sha Publishing Co.Ltd.1992 :281-285.
[27] Nagai T , Iijima K,Hwang H J ,et al. Electric and Dielectric Properties-Effect of MgO Doping on the Phase Transformations of BaTiO3 [J].Journal of the AmericanCeramic Society ,2000 ,83(1) :107 - 112
[28] Wada S ,Suzuki T,Noma T. Deposition of carbon films by electrolysis of a water-ethylene glycol solution [J].Journal of Materials Research ,1995 ,10(2) :306 - 311
[29] Frey M H ,Payne D A. Grain-size effect on structure and phase transformations for barium titanate[J].Physical Review B ,1996 ,54( 5) :3158.
[30]Lee B W,Auh K H. Effect of grain size and mechanical processing on the dielectric properties of BaTiO3[M] Journal of Materials Research ,1995,10(6):1418-1423.
[31]Uchino K Sadanaga E Hiro se.T Hydrothermal synthesis and characterisation of BaTiO 3 fine powders: precursors, polymorphism and properties Journal of the American Ceramic societ [J]1997,2:1-1.
[32] Begg B D Vance E R,Nowotny J. Higher-Order Laue Zone (HOLZ) Line Patterns and their Applications in Determining Microstructures in Barium-Titanate-Based CeramicsJournal of the American Ceramic Society.1994.77(12) :3186 -3192.
[33] Ern V,Newnham R E. Journal of the American Ceramic Society ,1961 ,44(4):199-199
[34] Begg B D,Finnie K S,Vance E R. Raman study of the relationship between room-temperature tetragonality and the curie point of barium titanate Journal of the American Ceramic Society ,1996 ,79(10) :2666– 2672.
[35] Zhuang Z Q ,Harmer M P ,Smyth D M,et al. The effect of octahedrally-coordinated calcium on the ferroelectric transition of BaTiO3, Materials Research Bulletin ,1987,22(10):1329-1335
[36] DeVries R C. Lowering of Curie Temperature of BaTiO 3 by Chemical Reduction Journal of the American Ceramic Society,1960,43 (4):226-226.
[37] Burn I. Mn-doped polycrystalline BaTiO3 Journal of Materials Science,1979,14(10):2453-2458.
[38] Hardtl K H ,Wernicke R. Lowering the Curie temperature in reduced BaTiO3.Solid State Communications ,1972 ,10 (1):153-157
[39]Kuwabara M ,Matsuda H, Kurata N , et al. Shift of the Curie point of barium titanate ceramics with sintering temperature Journal of the American Ceramic Society ,1997 ,80(10) :2590 - 2596
[40] Lee S ,Liu Z-K,Kim M-H ,et al.Influence of nonstoichiometry on ferroelectric phase transition in BaTiO3Journal of Applied Physics ,2007,101 (5):054119 - 8
[41] Samara G A. Pressure and Temperature Dependence of the Dielectric Properties and Phase Transitions of the Antiferroelectric Perovskites: PbZrO3 and PbHfO3,Physical Review ,1966 ,151(2) 378 [42 ] Baeten F,Derks B,Coppens W,et al. Barium titanate characterization by differential scanning calorimetryJournal of the European Ceramic Society ,2006 ,26(4-5) :589 - 592.
[43] Hwang J H, Han Y H. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics ,Part 1:Regular Papers and Short Notes and Review Papers ,2001,40(2A) :676-679
[44] Posternak M,Resta R,Baldereschi A, Roles of covalent bonding in the polarization of perovskite oxides: the case of KNbO3, Phys Rev, (1994)50, 8911~8914
[45] Bakker H J, Hunsche S, Kurz H, Quantum-mechanical description of the ferroelectric phase transition in LiTaO3,Phys Rev, (1993)48, 9331~9335.
[46] Inbar I,Cohen R E,Comparison of the electronic structures and energetics of LiTaO3 and LiNbO3, Phys Rev, (1994)53, 1193~1204
[47] Huber J E, Fleck N A, Landis C M, et al, A constitutive model for ferroelectric polycrystals, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, (1999)47, 1663~1697
[48] Kvyatkovskii O E, Theory of isotope effect in displacive ferroelectrics, Solid State Communications, (2001)117, 455~459
[49] Borstel G, Eglitis R I, Kotomin E A, et al, Modeling of defects and surfaces in perovskite, ferroelectrics, (2002)237, 687~693.
[50] Vincent Meyer, Jean-Michel Sallese, Pierre Fazan, et al, Modeling the polarization in ferroelectric materials: a novel analytical approach, Solid-State Electronics, (2003)47, 1479~1486.
[51] Xu J,Menesklou W, Iverstiffee E.Investigation of BZT thin films for tunable microwave applications[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2005,25(12);2009-2012.
[52] Lee B W Cho S B.Preparation of BaZrxTil-xO3 by the hydrothermal process from peroxo-precursors[J].J Eur Ceram Soc,2005.25(12);2009-2012
[53] TangXG ChenKH,Chan HLW Diffuse phasetransitionand dielectric tunability of Ba(ZryTil-y)O3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics[J].Acta Mater 2004.52(17):5l77～5l83.
[54] Choi W S,Yi J.Hong B,et a1.The effect of cerium doping in barium zirconium titanate thin films deposited by rf magnetron sputtering system[J]Mater Sci Eng B,2004,l09(1-3):l46-l51.
[55] Wang Y Li L,Qi J,et a1.Ferroelectric characteristics of ytterbium-doped barium zirconium titanate ceramics [J].Ceram Int,2002,28(6):657--661.
[56] Zhi Yu, Chen Ang, Ruyan Guo, Bhalla A S. Ferroelectric-relaxor behavior of Ba (Ti0.7Zr0.3) O3 ceramics [J]. J Appl Phys, 2002, 92(5): 2655- 2657.
[57] Santosh Mahadeorao Bobade,Praksh Gopalan,and Duck-kyun Chol Dielectric properties of La3+ at A site and Al3+and Ga3+ doped at B site in BaTiO3 [J] J Appl-Phys,48(2009)041402.
[58]宋祥云,陈大任,等.BaTiO3陶瓷的晶粒壳-芯结构与畴[J].硅酸盐学报,1992,20(3):256—260.
[59]王悦辉,庄志强,等.Nb、Co、La掺杂对B介质陶瓷性能的影响[J].电子元件与材料,2005, 24(1): 29-31.
[60]Noguchi Y and Miyayama M.Larse remanent polarization of vanadium -doped Bi4Ti3OI2[J].App1.Phys.Lett.,2001-78:1903—1905.
[61]凌志远,邱文辉,王科.Sb2O3掺杂对PZT压电陶瓷微观结构与性能的影响[J].电子元件与材料, 2005,8.
[62]李月明,陈文,徐庆等.Sb2O3掺杂(Na0.84K0.16)0.5Bi0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷的压电与介电性能研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006,2.
[63] Shulman H S,Damjanovic D,setter N. Niobium Doping and Dielectric Anomalies in Bismuth Titanate[J]. J.Am.ceram.Soc.2000.83(3):528