基于IDL的地质体三维可视化实现与研究
|
摘要
目前地矿信息获取手段多样化、地矿数据的时空性以及多源化,造成了矿产资源勘查和评价难度日益增大,从单一的找矿手段获取单方面的矿化信息已远远不能满足现代找矿工作的需要。综合使用各种有效的找矿方法、获取多源地学信息,并通过一定的技术手段和途径进行信息的合成,从而获取深层次的隐蔽信息,已成为当前矿化信息研究的一种必然发展趋势。
对矿区地下矿体进行三维可视化不失为经济找矿的一条捷径。地质体的三维可视化是在充分利用矿山大量原始数据的前提下,在摸清矿体、地层岩性、地质构造的空间构架及其相互关系基础上,对多源地学信息与矿产信息进行相关性处理和复合处理,建立多源地学信息与矿体或矿脉的相关物理模型及数学模型,最终有效地实现相对复杂而且分布不规则地质体的三维可视化和重建。通过观察地质体三维模型,进行矿体群空间展布规律的分析,进而对矿床进行地质分析和找矿预测以及对矿山的采矿设计、日常生产管理和生产进度管理提供依据,为有效地提高矿山的现代化管理水平奠定基础。
IDL(Interactive Data Language)作为面向矩阵、语法简单的第四代可视化语言,是进行二维及多维数据可视化分析及应用开发的理想软件工具。从其语法简单、内嵌各种丰富的算法库、对三维真体数据的支持、面向对象的编程方式等特点来看,是一种进行地质三维建模的理想开发语言。
本文在数字化、可视化思想主导下,以云南省广南县老寨湾金矿区数字矿山的空间信息为研究对象,运用IDL可视化语言建立地质体三维可视化模型系统,从原始数据的导入到建立地质体三维模型及基于模型的空间分析,始终是以可视化技术为手段,以地学问题为核心的。在三维地质建模技术和现状的基础上,从系统和应用的角度出发,实现地质体的三维立体可视化,从而更全面的了解地质体的空间展布规律,指导对矿山的深边部预测找矿。
既要真实地模拟地质体,又要充分利用原始数据是本文的主要目的。本文在分析矿山地质概念模型基础上,结合矿山地质特有的各种地质现象提出一种表面与实体相混合的空间数据模型并设计了数据结构。在这种混合数据模型中,可以通过选择一个或多个合适的数据模型对矿山地质各种空间目标进行描述,从而较为完整地表示空间目标的几何和拓扑关系,基本达到了简单实用的目的。
At present, the mineral data are characterized by time-space and multi-sources and the means for acquiring mineral information are diversiform, which make the mineral resources exploration and evaluation increasingly complicated. The single access to acquire the mineral information has been far from away to meet the needs of modern mineral exploration. According to the comprehensive and effective mineral exploration methods, we can acquire the multi-sources of geoscience information. And also according to some technology and certain means for the synthesis of information in order to obtain the in-depth and hidden information has now become an inevitable trend of the research of the mineral information.
Using three-dimensional visualization for the underground ore body can be a shortcut to the economic prospecting. On the premise of the full use of a large number of raw data in the mine and on the basis of finding out ore body, stratum lithology, the geological body of space structure and mutual relations, the three-dimensional visualization of the geological body processes the multi-sources of geoscience information and the mineral information with correlation and compound as well as builds the relevant physical models and mathematical models of the multi-sources of geoscience information and ore body or vein.In the end, it can realize the effective three-dimensional visualization and reconstruction of the relatively complex and irregular distribution of geological body. By observing the three-dimensional model of geological body and analysing the law in group spatial distribution of ore body, it can provide a gist to the geological analysis in the deposit, mining forecasting,mining design, day-to-day management and production management, so it can establish a basis for effectively improving the modern management level in the mine.
As a matrix-oriented, simple syntax of the fourth generation of visual language, IDL (Interactive Data Language) is the ideal software tool of two-dimensional and multi-dimensional data visualization analysis and application development. From the characteristics of simple syntax, the rich variety of using embedded algorithm library, the support to the real three-dimensional data, object-oriented programming, IDL is an ideal development language of the three-dimensional geological modeling.
In this paper, under the guidance of Digitalization and visual thoughts, using the space information of digital gold mine in Yunnan Province Guangnan District Laozhai Bay as research object, it uses IDL visual language to build the three-dimensional visualization model system of geological body. Not only the introduction of the raw data, but also the establishment of three-dimensional model of geological body and spatial analysis based on the model, it is always based on the visualization technology as the means and the geoscience issues as the core. On the basis of three-dimensional geological modeling technology and the status quo, from the view of systems and applications, it has the realization of the three-dimensional visualization of geological body, and thus we can get a more comprehensive understanding of the geological body spatial distribution rules to guide the deep and edge mine forecast for prospecting.
Not only simulating the real geological body, but also making full use of the raw data is the main purpose of this article. Based on the analysis of mine geological concept model, combined with all kinds of unique geological phenomena of mine, it puts forward a spatial data model mixed of surface and entity and also designs the data structure. In such a mixed data model, it can select one or more appropriate data model for the describing of the variety of space targets in the geological mine in order to more fully express the relationship between geometry and topology of the space target, and reach a simple and practical purpose.
对矿区地下矿体进行三维可视化不失为经济找矿的一条捷径。地质体的三维可视化是在充分利用矿山大量原始数据的前提下,在摸清矿体、地层岩性、地质构造的空间构架及其相互关系基础上,对多源地学信息与矿产信息进行相关性处理和复合处理,建立多源地学信息与矿体或矿脉的相关物理模型及数学模型,最终有效地实现相对复杂而且分布不规则地质体的三维可视化和重建。通过观察地质体三维模型,进行矿体群空间展布规律的分析,进而对矿床进行地质分析和找矿预测以及对矿山的采矿设计、日常生产管理和生产进度管理提供依据,为有效地提高矿山的现代化管理水平奠定基础。
IDL(Interactive Data Language)作为面向矩阵、语法简单的第四代可视化语言,是进行二维及多维数据可视化分析及应用开发的理想软件工具。从其语法简单、内嵌各种丰富的算法库、对三维真体数据的支持、面向对象的编程方式等特点来看,是一种进行地质三维建模的理想开发语言。
本文在数字化、可视化思想主导下,以云南省广南县老寨湾金矿区数字矿山的空间信息为研究对象,运用IDL可视化语言建立地质体三维可视化模型系统,从原始数据的导入到建立地质体三维模型及基于模型的空间分析,始终是以可视化技术为手段,以地学问题为核心的。在三维地质建模技术和现状的基础上,从系统和应用的角度出发,实现地质体的三维立体可视化,从而更全面的了解地质体的空间展布规律,指导对矿山的深边部预测找矿。
既要真实地模拟地质体,又要充分利用原始数据是本文的主要目的。本文在分析矿山地质概念模型基础上,结合矿山地质特有的各种地质现象提出一种表面与实体相混合的空间数据模型并设计了数据结构。在这种混合数据模型中,可以通过选择一个或多个合适的数据模型对矿山地质各种空间目标进行描述,从而较为完整地表示空间目标的几何和拓扑关系,基本达到了简单实用的目的。
At present, the mineral data are characterized by time-space and multi-sources and the means for acquiring mineral information are diversiform, which make the mineral resources exploration and evaluation increasingly complicated. The single access to acquire the mineral information has been far from away to meet the needs of modern mineral exploration. According to the comprehensive and effective mineral exploration methods, we can acquire the multi-sources of geoscience information. And also according to some technology and certain means for the synthesis of information in order to obtain the in-depth and hidden information has now become an inevitable trend of the research of the mineral information.
Using three-dimensional visualization for the underground ore body can be a shortcut to the economic prospecting. On the premise of the full use of a large number of raw data in the mine and on the basis of finding out ore body, stratum lithology, the geological body of space structure and mutual relations, the three-dimensional visualization of the geological body processes the multi-sources of geoscience information and the mineral information with correlation and compound as well as builds the relevant physical models and mathematical models of the multi-sources of geoscience information and ore body or vein.In the end, it can realize the effective three-dimensional visualization and reconstruction of the relatively complex and irregular distribution of geological body. By observing the three-dimensional model of geological body and analysing the law in group spatial distribution of ore body, it can provide a gist to the geological analysis in the deposit, mining forecasting,mining design, day-to-day management and production management, so it can establish a basis for effectively improving the modern management level in the mine.
As a matrix-oriented, simple syntax of the fourth generation of visual language, IDL (Interactive Data Language) is the ideal software tool of two-dimensional and multi-dimensional data visualization analysis and application development. From the characteristics of simple syntax, the rich variety of using embedded algorithm library, the support to the real three-dimensional data, object-oriented programming, IDL is an ideal development language of the three-dimensional geological modeling.
In this paper, under the guidance of Digitalization and visual thoughts, using the space information of digital gold mine in Yunnan Province Guangnan District Laozhai Bay as research object, it uses IDL visual language to build the three-dimensional visualization model system of geological body. Not only the introduction of the raw data, but also the establishment of three-dimensional model of geological body and spatial analysis based on the model, it is always based on the visualization technology as the means and the geoscience issues as the core. On the basis of three-dimensional geological modeling technology and the status quo, from the view of systems and applications, it has the realization of the three-dimensional visualization of geological body, and thus we can get a more comprehensive understanding of the geological body spatial distribution rules to guide the deep and edge mine forecast for prospecting.
Not only simulating the real geological body, but also making full use of the raw data is the main purpose of this article. Based on the analysis of mine geological concept model, combined with all kinds of unique geological phenomena of mine, it puts forward a spatial data model mixed of surface and entity and also designs the data structure. In such a mixed data model, it can select one or more appropriate data model for the describing of the variety of space targets in the geological mine in order to more fully express the relationship between geometry and topology of the space target, and reach a simple and practical purpose.
引文
[1]董辉.地质体三维可视化原理与方法研究[D].中南大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[2]陈云浩,郭达志.矿山地理信息系统中的三维数据结构[J].矿山测量,1998,26(2):9-11.
[3]王绍刚.三维地质体模型的建立与可视化系统研究[D].辽宁工程技术大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[4]仇英华.基于IDL的河口海岸交互式可视化系统初步研究[D].华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[5]Giovanni Semeraro,Nicola Fanizzi,Floriana Esposito,Stefano Ferilli,Donato Malerba and Pasquale Lops.IDL:A prototypical intelligent digital library service[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1997:447-450.
[6]Giovanni Semeraro,Floriana Esposito,Donato Malerba,Nicola Fanizzi and Stefano Ferilli.Machine learning+on-line libraries=IDL[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1997:195-214.
[7]黄修东.基于IDL的地下水污染数值模拟研究[D].山东科技大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[8]李青元.朱小弟.曹代勇.三维地质模型的数据模型研究.中国煤田地质.2000,12.
[9]夏炎.三维矢量结构地质模型及其微机可视化图形显示系统研究[D].中国矿业大学北京研究生部博士学位论文,1997.
[10]张剑秋.三维地质建模与可视化系统开发研究[D].南京:南京大学计算机系,1998.
[11]黄海峰,包世泰,黎华,连建波,夏斌.初探IDL在地质三维建模中的应用[J].地质与勘探,2004,40(6):53-56.
[12]李育芳,朱希安,曾茂华,宁华年,孙家枢.IDL及其在煤田地震数据可视化中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,30(9):35-37.
[13]杨朝辉,苏群.IDL语言在地面沉降可视化研究中的应用[J].苏州科技学院学报(工程技术版),2005,18(1):52-56.
[14]Ana Teresa C.Martins,Marcelino Pequeno and Tarcisio Pequeno.Well-behaved IDL theories[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1996:11-20.
[15]Joseph M.Newcomer.IDL:Past experience and new ideas[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1986:257-289.
[16]郭建文,冯敏,尚庆生,盖迎春.IDL在分布式GIS系统中的应用研究[J].计算机应用研究,2007,24(5):220-222.
[17]吉长东.基于IDL的城市小区景观VGIS平台研究与实现(D].辽宁工程技术大学,2002.
[18]黄修东,刘立民,曹君陟.基于IDL的地下水污染数值模拟与可视化[J].勘察科学技术,2005,(4):24-27.
[19]何全军,程彬,许惠平.基于IDL的地形三维可视化实现[J].世界地质,2004,23(1):85-89.
[20]杨朝辉.基于IDL的地形三维可视化系统的研制[J].工程勘察,2007,(4):59-62.
[21]Teresa Nascimento,Thais Batista and Nelio Cacho.TUPI:Transformation from PIM to IDL[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2003:1439-1453.
[22]Girish Welling,Maximilian Ott.Customizing IDL Mappings and ORB Protocols[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2000:396.
[23]唐丽玉,陈崇成,王钦敏,缪海岚.基于IDL的地质体真三维重构与可视化研究——以福州市地热田热储结构为例[J].测绘科学,2005,(5):197-205.
[24]陈林隆,罗华军,田金华.基于IDL的滑坡三维可视化研究[J].西部探矿工程,2006,(12):290-292.
[25]王行风,韩宝平,孙久远.基于IDL的矿山三维开采沉陷预测系统设计[J].煤炭科学技术,2007,35(2):20-23.
[26]Kim Jungfer,Ulf Leser,Patricia Rodriguez-Tome.Constructing IDL Views on Relational Databases[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1999:255.
[27]何全军.基于IDL的三维地形可视化系统开发[J].测绘信息与工程,2006,31(1):19-20.
[28]秦光宇,钟宝荣.基于Web的三维GIS的设计与实现[J].微计算机信息(测控自动化),2003,19(11):103-104.
[29]李艳,王恩德,鲍玉斌,师金刚,杨朝强.基于钻孔数据的矿体三维可视化研究与实现[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2005,27(4):418-421.
[30]M.F.Costabile,F.Esposito,G.Semeraro,N.Fanizzi,S.Ferilli.Interacting with IDL:The Adaptive Visual Interface[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1998:519.
[31]Eric Eide,Jay Lepreau,James L.Simister.Flexible and Optimized IDL Compilation for Distributed Applications[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1998:288.
[32]Qiang Wu,Hua Xu and Wanfang Zhou.Development of a 3D GIS and its application to karst areas[J].Environmental Geology,2007,
[33]C.Lerch and A.Hoppe.Development of a geological 3D-model for improved calculations of groundwater vulnerability.Grundwasser,2007:144-153.
[34]杨朝辉.利用IDL语言实现地面沉降的动态模拟[J].海洋测绘,2005,25(3):38-41.
[35]张凯选,武文波,白云峰,王崇倡.基于ArcGIS的地质三维可视化[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007,26(3):345-347.
[36]梁宇君,唐斌,邓斌,阚瑗珂,褚永彬,萧阳.基于GIS技术地质环境三维模型的构建与可视化[J].国土资源科技管理,2007,(2):92-96.
[37]E.J.Sides.Geological modelling of mineral deposits for prediction in mining[J].Geologische Rundschau,1997,86(2):342-353.
[38]Luo Yi-zhong,Wu Ai-xiang,Wang Hong-jiang and Liu Xiang-ping.Stability and structural dimension of access mechanized panel[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2005,12(1):73-77.
[39]曾新平,吴健生,杨自交,郑跃鹏,朱谷昌,张普斌.三维GIS环境下的地质体可视化和特征分析[J].地质与勘探,2005,41(1):72-76.
[40]李衷怡,张瑾玉,李利军.OpenGL在工程地质体三维可视化中的应用[J].计算机与数字工程,2005,33(10):80-84.
[41]方燕,李梅,胡友健.层状地质体的三维可视化研究[J].焦作工学院学报(自然科学版),2003,22(6):441-444.
[42]Andrew Kudowor and Samuel Ndur.Integrity of Tailings Infrastructure and Information Management:A GIS-Based Conceptual Model[J].Environmental Modeling and Assessment,2007.
[43]F.J.Brosch,P.Polsler and G.Riedmuller.The use of fractal dimension in engineering geology[J].Bulletin of Engineering Genlogy and the Environment,1992,45(1):83-88.
[44]M.Stavropoulou,G.Exadaktylos and G.Saratsis.A Combined Three-Dimensional Geological-Geostatistical-Numerical Model of Underground Excavations in Rock[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2007,40(3):213-243.
[45]芮小平,杨永国,奚砚涛.一种基丁三棱柱的三维地质体可视化方法研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(5):584-588.
[46]周良辰,陈锁忠,朱莹.地质结构三维建模及其可视化方法研究[J].计算机应用研究,2007,24(6):150-152.
[47]C.A.Hecht.Appolonian Packing and Fractal Shape of Grains Improving Geomechanical Properties in Engineering Geology[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2000,157(4):487-504.
[48]V.S.Imshennik and K.V.Manukovskii.Three-dimensional explosion dynamics of a critical-mass neutron star(in a binary)[J].Astronomy Letters,2007,33(7):468-480.
[49]曾新平,杨自安,刘碧虹,张普斌,邹林.地质体三维可视化建模的技术方法研究[J].矿产与地质,2005,19(1):103-106.
[50]徐立明,牛新生.地质体三维可视化模拟的现状与展望[J].西南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2006,32(1):151-154.
[51]陈建明,孙卫东,唐高彤.地质体三维可视化模拟系统的研究与实现[J].新疆地质,2006,24(1):88-90.
[52]刘少华,吴东胜,罗小龙,刘学锋,陈华军,朱小龙.复杂地质体的三维建模与可视化方法的研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2007,27(2):56-59.
[53]V.A.Shaldyrvan.Some results and problems in the three-dimensional theory of plates[J].International Applied Mechanics,2007,43(2):160-181.
[54]陈颖彪,钟耳顺.矿山地质勘察三维可视化管理系统与建模技术研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2004,24(1):37-40.
[55]王纯祥,白世伟,贺怀建.三维地层可视化中地质建模研究[J].岩石力学与工程学 报,2003,22(10):1722-1726.
[56]Hillar Aben.Optical theory of the multilayer-reflection technique for three-dimensional photoelastic studies[J].Experimental Mechanics,2006,9(1):25-30.
[57]宁书年,李育芳,刘泰峰,孙家枢.三维地质体可视化软件理论探讨[J].煤炭工程,2002,(7):41-43.
[58]禹东方,陈学习.三维地质模型的交互可视化实现方法[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(11):52-56.
[2]陈云浩,郭达志.矿山地理信息系统中的三维数据结构[J].矿山测量,1998,26(2):9-11.
[3]王绍刚.三维地质体模型的建立与可视化系统研究[D].辽宁工程技术大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[4]仇英华.基于IDL的河口海岸交互式可视化系统初步研究[D].华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[5]Giovanni Semeraro,Nicola Fanizzi,Floriana Esposito,Stefano Ferilli,Donato Malerba and Pasquale Lops.IDL:A prototypical intelligent digital library service[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1997:447-450.
[6]Giovanni Semeraro,Floriana Esposito,Donato Malerba,Nicola Fanizzi and Stefano Ferilli.Machine learning+on-line libraries=IDL[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1997:195-214.
[7]黄修东.基于IDL的地下水污染数值模拟研究[D].山东科技大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[8]李青元.朱小弟.曹代勇.三维地质模型的数据模型研究.中国煤田地质.2000,12.
[9]夏炎.三维矢量结构地质模型及其微机可视化图形显示系统研究[D].中国矿业大学北京研究生部博士学位论文,1997.
[10]张剑秋.三维地质建模与可视化系统开发研究[D].南京:南京大学计算机系,1998.
[11]黄海峰,包世泰,黎华,连建波,夏斌.初探IDL在地质三维建模中的应用[J].地质与勘探,2004,40(6):53-56.
[12]李育芳,朱希安,曾茂华,宁华年,孙家枢.IDL及其在煤田地震数据可视化中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,30(9):35-37.
[13]杨朝辉,苏群.IDL语言在地面沉降可视化研究中的应用[J].苏州科技学院学报(工程技术版),2005,18(1):52-56.
[14]Ana Teresa C.Martins,Marcelino Pequeno and Tarcisio Pequeno.Well-behaved IDL theories[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1996:11-20.
[15]Joseph M.Newcomer.IDL:Past experience and new ideas[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1986:257-289.
[16]郭建文,冯敏,尚庆生,盖迎春.IDL在分布式GIS系统中的应用研究[J].计算机应用研究,2007,24(5):220-222.
[17]吉长东.基于IDL的城市小区景观VGIS平台研究与实现(D].辽宁工程技术大学,2002.
[18]黄修东,刘立民,曹君陟.基于IDL的地下水污染数值模拟与可视化[J].勘察科学技术,2005,(4):24-27.
[19]何全军,程彬,许惠平.基于IDL的地形三维可视化实现[J].世界地质,2004,23(1):85-89.
[20]杨朝辉.基于IDL的地形三维可视化系统的研制[J].工程勘察,2007,(4):59-62.
[21]Teresa Nascimento,Thais Batista and Nelio Cacho.TUPI:Transformation from PIM to IDL[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2003:1439-1453.
[22]Girish Welling,Maximilian Ott.Customizing IDL Mappings and ORB Protocols[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2000:396.
[23]唐丽玉,陈崇成,王钦敏,缪海岚.基于IDL的地质体真三维重构与可视化研究——以福州市地热田热储结构为例[J].测绘科学,2005,(5):197-205.
[24]陈林隆,罗华军,田金华.基于IDL的滑坡三维可视化研究[J].西部探矿工程,2006,(12):290-292.
[25]王行风,韩宝平,孙久远.基于IDL的矿山三维开采沉陷预测系统设计[J].煤炭科学技术,2007,35(2):20-23.
[26]Kim Jungfer,Ulf Leser,Patricia Rodriguez-Tome.Constructing IDL Views on Relational Databases[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1999:255.
[27]何全军.基于IDL的三维地形可视化系统开发[J].测绘信息与工程,2006,31(1):19-20.
[28]秦光宇,钟宝荣.基于Web的三维GIS的设计与实现[J].微计算机信息(测控自动化),2003,19(11):103-104.
[29]李艳,王恩德,鲍玉斌,师金刚,杨朝强.基于钻孔数据的矿体三维可视化研究与实现[J].沈阳工业大学学报,2005,27(4):418-421.
[30]M.F.Costabile,F.Esposito,G.Semeraro,N.Fanizzi,S.Ferilli.Interacting with IDL:The Adaptive Visual Interface[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1998:519.
[31]Eric Eide,Jay Lepreau,James L.Simister.Flexible and Optimized IDL Compilation for Distributed Applications[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,1998:288.
[32]Qiang Wu,Hua Xu and Wanfang Zhou.Development of a 3D GIS and its application to karst areas[J].Environmental Geology,2007,
[33]C.Lerch and A.Hoppe.Development of a geological 3D-model for improved calculations of groundwater vulnerability.Grundwasser,2007:144-153.
[34]杨朝辉.利用IDL语言实现地面沉降的动态模拟[J].海洋测绘,2005,25(3):38-41.
[35]张凯选,武文波,白云峰,王崇倡.基于ArcGIS的地质三维可视化[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007,26(3):345-347.
[36]梁宇君,唐斌,邓斌,阚瑗珂,褚永彬,萧阳.基于GIS技术地质环境三维模型的构建与可视化[J].国土资源科技管理,2007,(2):92-96.
[37]E.J.Sides.Geological modelling of mineral deposits for prediction in mining[J].Geologische Rundschau,1997,86(2):342-353.
[38]Luo Yi-zhong,Wu Ai-xiang,Wang Hong-jiang and Liu Xiang-ping.Stability and structural dimension of access mechanized panel[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2005,12(1):73-77.
[39]曾新平,吴健生,杨自交,郑跃鹏,朱谷昌,张普斌.三维GIS环境下的地质体可视化和特征分析[J].地质与勘探,2005,41(1):72-76.
[40]李衷怡,张瑾玉,李利军.OpenGL在工程地质体三维可视化中的应用[J].计算机与数字工程,2005,33(10):80-84.
[41]方燕,李梅,胡友健.层状地质体的三维可视化研究[J].焦作工学院学报(自然科学版),2003,22(6):441-444.
[42]Andrew Kudowor and Samuel Ndur.Integrity of Tailings Infrastructure and Information Management:A GIS-Based Conceptual Model[J].Environmental Modeling and Assessment,2007.
[43]F.J.Brosch,P.Polsler and G.Riedmuller.The use of fractal dimension in engineering geology[J].Bulletin of Engineering Genlogy and the Environment,1992,45(1):83-88.
[44]M.Stavropoulou,G.Exadaktylos and G.Saratsis.A Combined Three-Dimensional Geological-Geostatistical-Numerical Model of Underground Excavations in Rock[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2007,40(3):213-243.
[45]芮小平,杨永国,奚砚涛.一种基丁三棱柱的三维地质体可视化方法研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(5):584-588.
[46]周良辰,陈锁忠,朱莹.地质结构三维建模及其可视化方法研究[J].计算机应用研究,2007,24(6):150-152.
[47]C.A.Hecht.Appolonian Packing and Fractal Shape of Grains Improving Geomechanical Properties in Engineering Geology[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2000,157(4):487-504.
[48]V.S.Imshennik and K.V.Manukovskii.Three-dimensional explosion dynamics of a critical-mass neutron star(in a binary)[J].Astronomy Letters,2007,33(7):468-480.
[49]曾新平,杨自安,刘碧虹,张普斌,邹林.地质体三维可视化建模的技术方法研究[J].矿产与地质,2005,19(1):103-106.
[50]徐立明,牛新生.地质体三维可视化模拟的现状与展望[J].西南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2006,32(1):151-154.
[51]陈建明,孙卫东,唐高彤.地质体三维可视化模拟系统的研究与实现[J].新疆地质,2006,24(1):88-90.
[52]刘少华,吴东胜,罗小龙,刘学锋,陈华军,朱小龙.复杂地质体的三维建模与可视化方法的研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2007,27(2):56-59.
[53]V.A.Shaldyrvan.Some results and problems in the three-dimensional theory of plates[J].International Applied Mechanics,2007,43(2):160-181.
[54]陈颖彪,钟耳顺.矿山地质勘察三维可视化管理系统与建模技术研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2004,24(1):37-40.
[55]王纯祥,白世伟,贺怀建.三维地层可视化中地质建模研究[J].岩石力学与工程学 报,2003,22(10):1722-1726.
[56]Hillar Aben.Optical theory of the multilayer-reflection technique for three-dimensional photoelastic studies[J].Experimental Mechanics,2006,9(1):25-30.
[57]宁书年,李育芳,刘泰峰,孙家枢.三维地质体可视化软件理论探讨[J].煤炭工程,2002,(7):41-43.
[58]禹东方,陈学习.三维地质模型的交互可视化实现方法[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(11):52-56.