复发性生殖器疱疹患者外周血Toll样受体的表达及细胞免疫分析
|
摘要
目的
检测复发性生殖器疱疹(RGH)患者外周血单核细胞Toll样受体的表达以及IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12、T淋巴细胞亚群水平,分析两者间的相关性,探讨生殖器疱疹患者反复发作的免疫学机制。
方法
将42例RGH患者分为年复发次数≧6次和年复发次数＜6次两个亚组,采用双色免疫荧光抗体染色流式细胞术检测其外周血单核细胞TLR4、TLR8、TLR9的表达及T淋巴细胞亚群,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测其外周血IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12水平,并均以30例正常人作为对照。
结果
1.RGH组外周血单核细胞TLR4的表达高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),RGH组外周血单核细胞TLR8的表达低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),TLR9的表达两组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05),年复发次数≧6次组TLR4、TLR8及TLR9的表达与年复发次数＜6次组比较,差异无显著性(P＞0.05);
2.RGH组外周血IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12水平均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),年复发次数≧6次组IFN-γ水平低于年复发次数＜6次组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),IL-2及IL-12水平两组间比较,差异无显著性(P＞0.05);
3.RGH组外周血CD3~+ T细胞、CD4~+ T细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+比值均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),CD8~+ T细胞两组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05),年复发次数≧6次组CD4~+ T细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+比值与年复发次数＜6次组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),CD3~+ T细胞和CD8~+ T细胞两组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05)。
结论
1.RGH组外周血单核细胞TLR4表达水平高于正常对照组,提示TLR4可能为HSV的识别受体,在机体抵抗HSV感染中发挥重要的识别作用,检测外周血单核细胞TLR4表达的变化有可能成为RGH患者观测指标之一,RGH组外周血单核细胞TLR8的表达低于正常对照组,提示当HSV大量复制时,机体不能有效地产生Th1型细胞因子,可能为GH患者反复发作的免疫学机制之一;
2.RGH组外周血IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12水平均低于正常对照组,且年复发次数≧6次组IFN-γ水平低于年复发次数＜6次组,提示机体细胞免疫功能低下可能是GH患者反复发作的重要原因;
3.RGH组外周血CD3~+ T细胞、CD4~+ T细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+比值均低于正常对照组,且年复发次数≧6次组CD4~+ T细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+比值均低于年复发次数＜6次组,提示机体细胞免疫功能紊乱,可能是GH患者反复复发的重要原因。
Objective
Detecting the expression of Toll like receptor and the level of IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12、T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with recurrent genital herpes(RGH),Analysing the correlation of them,Discussing the immunological mechanism of repeated recurrence in genital herpes.
Methods
Dividing 42 cases of patients with RGH into two subgroups with recurrence number≥6 times and recurrence number＜6 times,Detecting the expression of TLR4、TLR8、TLR9 and T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood using two color immunofluorescence antibody staining flow cytometry,Detecting the level of IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12 in peripheral blood by Double antibody sandwich ELISA assay,and 30 cases are normal as a control.
Results
1.The expression of TLR4 in RGH group is higher than the control group,there is a significant difference(P＜0.05),The expression of TLR8 in RGH group is lower than the control group,there is a significant difference(P＜0.05),The expression of TLR9 in the two groups,there is no significant difference(P＞0.05),The expression of TLR4、TLR8、TLR9 between the recurrence number≥6 times group and the recurrence number＜6 group,there is no significant difference (P＞0.05);
2.The level of IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12 in peripheral blood of RGH is lower than the control group,there is a significant difference(P＜0.05),the level of IFN-γin recurrence number≥6 times group is lower than the recurrence number＜6 group, there is a significant difference(P＜0.05),the level of IL-2 and IL-12 in the two groups,there is no significant difference(P＞0.05);
3.CD3~+T cell、CD4~+T cell and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ in peripheral blood of RGH group are lower than the control group,there is a significant difference(P＜0.05), CD8~+ T cell between the two groups,there is no significant difference(P＞0.05), CD4~+T cell and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ in recurrence number≥6 times group is lower than the recurrence number＜6 times group,there is a significant difference (P＜0.05),CD3~+T cell and CD8~+ T cell in the two groups,there is no significant difference(P＞0.05).
Conclusions
1.The increase of TLR4 expressed on peripheral blood mononuclear cell of patients with RGH,suggest it is the possible receptor of recognition for HSV,It plays an important role in recognizing HSV,Detecting the expression of TLR4 on peripheral blood mononuclear cell may be one of observation indexs for HSV infection,The expression of TLR8 is decreasing,suggest the body may not produce effectivly Th1 type cytokines when a large number replication of HSV, and it may be one of the immunological mechanisms for recurrence of GH;
2.The level of IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12 in peripheral blood of patients with RGHare all decreasing,and the level of IFN-γin the recurrence number≥6 times group is lower than the recurrence number＜6group,show low cellular immune function is an important factor for recurrence of GH patients;
3.CD3~+T cell、CD4~+T cell、the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ in peripheral blood of patients with RGH are all decreasing,and CD4~+T cell、the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ in the recurrence number≥6 times group are lower than the recurrence number＜6group, show cell immunity disorder is an important factor for recurrence of GH patients.
检测复发性生殖器疱疹(RGH)患者外周血单核细胞Toll样受体的表达以及IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12、T淋巴细胞亚群水平,分析两者间的相关性,探讨生殖器疱疹患者反复发作的免疫学机制。
方法
将42例RGH患者分为年复发次数≧6次和年复发次数＜6次两个亚组,采用双色免疫荧光抗体染色流式细胞术检测其外周血单核细胞TLR4、TLR8、TLR9的表达及T淋巴细胞亚群,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测其外周血IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12水平,并均以30例正常人作为对照。
结果
1.RGH组外周血单核细胞TLR4的表达高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),RGH组外周血单核细胞TLR8的表达低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),TLR9的表达两组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05),年复发次数≧6次组TLR4、TLR8及TLR9的表达与年复发次数＜6次组比较,差异无显著性(P＞0.05);
2.RGH组外周血IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12水平均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),年复发次数≧6次组IFN-γ水平低于年复发次数＜6次组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),IL-2及IL-12水平两组间比较,差异无显著性(P＞0.05);
3.RGH组外周血CD3~+ T细胞、CD4~+ T细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+比值均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),CD8~+ T细胞两组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05),年复发次数≧6次组CD4~+ T细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+比值与年复发次数＜6次组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),CD3~+ T细胞和CD8~+ T细胞两组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05)。
结论
1.RGH组外周血单核细胞TLR4表达水平高于正常对照组,提示TLR4可能为HSV的识别受体,在机体抵抗HSV感染中发挥重要的识别作用,检测外周血单核细胞TLR4表达的变化有可能成为RGH患者观测指标之一,RGH组外周血单核细胞TLR8的表达低于正常对照组,提示当HSV大量复制时,机体不能有效地产生Th1型细胞因子,可能为GH患者反复发作的免疫学机制之一;
2.RGH组外周血IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12水平均低于正常对照组,且年复发次数≧6次组IFN-γ水平低于年复发次数＜6次组,提示机体细胞免疫功能低下可能是GH患者反复发作的重要原因;
3.RGH组外周血CD3~+ T细胞、CD4~+ T细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+比值均低于正常对照组,且年复发次数≧6次组CD4~+ T细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+比值均低于年复发次数＜6次组,提示机体细胞免疫功能紊乱,可能是GH患者反复复发的重要原因。
Objective
Detecting the expression of Toll like receptor and the level of IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12、T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with recurrent genital herpes(RGH),Analysing the correlation of them,Discussing the immunological mechanism of repeated recurrence in genital herpes.
Methods
Dividing 42 cases of patients with RGH into two subgroups with recurrence number≥6 times and recurrence number＜6 times,Detecting the expression of TLR4、TLR8、TLR9 and T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood using two color immunofluorescence antibody staining flow cytometry,Detecting the level of IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12 in peripheral blood by Double antibody sandwich ELISA assay,and 30 cases are normal as a control.
Results
1.The expression of TLR4 in RGH group is higher than the control group,there is a significant difference(P＜0.05),The expression of TLR8 in RGH group is lower than the control group,there is a significant difference(P＜0.05),The expression of TLR9 in the two groups,there is no significant difference(P＞0.05),The expression of TLR4、TLR8、TLR9 between the recurrence number≥6 times group and the recurrence number＜6 group,there is no significant difference (P＞0.05);
2.The level of IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12 in peripheral blood of RGH is lower than the control group,there is a significant difference(P＜0.05),the level of IFN-γin recurrence number≥6 times group is lower than the recurrence number＜6 group, there is a significant difference(P＜0.05),the level of IL-2 and IL-12 in the two groups,there is no significant difference(P＞0.05);
3.CD3~+T cell、CD4~+T cell and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ in peripheral blood of RGH group are lower than the control group,there is a significant difference(P＜0.05), CD8~+ T cell between the two groups,there is no significant difference(P＞0.05), CD4~+T cell and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ in recurrence number≥6 times group is lower than the recurrence number＜6 times group,there is a significant difference (P＜0.05),CD3~+T cell and CD8~+ T cell in the two groups,there is no significant difference(P＞0.05).
Conclusions
1.The increase of TLR4 expressed on peripheral blood mononuclear cell of patients with RGH,suggest it is the possible receptor of recognition for HSV,It plays an important role in recognizing HSV,Detecting the expression of TLR4 on peripheral blood mononuclear cell may be one of observation indexs for HSV infection,The expression of TLR8 is decreasing,suggest the body may not produce effectivly Th1 type cytokines when a large number replication of HSV, and it may be one of the immunological mechanisms for recurrence of GH;
2.The level of IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12 in peripheral blood of patients with RGHare all decreasing,and the level of IFN-γin the recurrence number≥6 times group is lower than the recurrence number＜6group,show low cellular immune function is an important factor for recurrence of GH patients;
3.CD3~+T cell、CD4~+T cell、the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ in peripheral blood of patients with RGH are all decreasing,and CD4~+T cell、the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ in the recurrence number≥6 times group are lower than the recurrence number＜6group, show cell immunity disorder is an important factor for recurrence of GH patients.
引文
[1]Medzhitov R,Preston-Hurlburt P,Janeway CA Jr.A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity[J].Nature,1997,388(6640):394-397.
[2]Lemaitre B,Nicolas E,Michaut L,et al.The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette sp(?)tzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults.Cell,1996,86(6):973-983.
[3]Kawai T,Akira S.TLR signaling.Cell Death Differ,2006,13(5):816-825.
[4]Takeda K,Kaisho T,Akira S.Toll-like receptors.Annu Rev Immunol,2003,21:335-376.
[5]Barton GM,Medzhitov R.Control of adaptive immune responses by Toll-like receptors[J].Curr Opin Immunol,2002,14(3):380-383.
[6]Martin MU,Wesche H.Summary and comparison of the signaling mechanisms of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor family[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2002,1592(3):265-280.
[7]Takeda K,Akira S.Toll-like receptors in innate immunity[J].Int Immunol,2005,17(1):1-14.
[8]Hopkins PA,Sriskandan S.Mammalian Toll-like receptors:to immunity and beyond.Clin Exp Immunol,2005,140(3):395-407.
[9]Heil F,Hemmi H,Hochrein H,et al.Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7and 8[J].Science,2004,303(5663):15262-1529.
[10]Pasare C;Medzhitov R.Toll-like receptors:linking innate and adaptive immunity.Microbes Infect,2004,6(15):1382-1387.
[11]Saikh KU,Kissner TL,Sultana A,et al.Human monocytes infected with Yersinia pestis express cell surface TLR9 and differentiate into dendritic cell[J].J Immunol,2004,173(12):7426-7434.
[12]Hasan U,Chaffois C,Gaillard C,et al.Human TLR10 is a Functional Receptor,Expressed by B Cell and P lasmacytoid Dendritic Cell,Which Activates Gene Transcription through MyD88.J Immunol,2005,174(5):2942-2950.
[13]Yarovinsky F,Zhang D,Andersen JF,et al.TLR11 Activation of Dendritic Cell by a Protozoan Profilin-Like Protein.Science,2005,308(5728):1626-1629.
[14]Rehli M.Of mice and men:species variations of Toll-like receptor expression[J].Trends Immunol,2002,23(8):375-378.
[15]Kaisho T,Akira S.Toll-like receptor function and signaling.J Allergy Clin Immunol,2006,117(5):979-987.
[16]Lin L.RAGE on the Toll Road?.Cell Mol Immunol,2006,3(5):351-358.
[17]Vabulas RM,Ahmad-Nejad P,da Costa C,et al.Endocytosed HSP60s use Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2) and TLR4 to activate the toll/interleukin-1 receptor signaling pathway in innate immune cell[J].J Biol Chem,2001,276(33):31332-31339.
[18]MacRedmond R,Greene C,Taggart CC,et al.Respiratory epithelial cell require Toll-like receptor 4 for induction of Human beta-defensin 2 by lipopolysaccharide[J].Respir Res,2005,6:116.
[19]Hopkins PA,Sriskandan S.Mammalian Toll-like receptors:to immunity and beyond[J].Clin Exp Immunol,2005,140(3):395-407.
[20]Haynes LM,Moore DD,Kurt-Jones EA,et al.Involvement of Toll-like receptor 4 in innate immunity to respiratory syncytial virus[J]J Virol,2001,75(22):10730-10737.
[21]Kaisho T,Akira S.Pleiotropic function of Toll-like receptors[J].Microbes Infect,2004,6(15):1388-1394.
[22]Lund JM,Alexopoulou L,Sato A,et al.Recognition of single-stranded RNA viruses by Toll-like receptor 7.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2004,101(15):5598-5603.
[23]Hemmi H,Kaisho T,Takeuchi O,et al.Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cell via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway.Nat Immunol,2002,3(2):196-200.
[24]Jurk M,Heil F,Vollmer J,et al.Human TLR7 or TLR8 independently confer responsiveness to the antiviral compound R-848.Nat Immunol,2002,3(6):499.
[25]Diebold SS,Kaisho T,Hemmi H,et al.Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA.Science,2004,303(5663):1529-1531.
[26]Tabeta K,Georgel P,Janssen E,et al.Toll-like receptors 9 and 3 as essential components of innate immune defense against mouse cytomegalovirus infection.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2004,101(10):3516-3521.
[27]Hopkins PA,Sriskandan S.Mammalian Toll-like receptors:to immunity and beyond.Clin Exp Immunol,2005,140(3):395-407.
[28]Zhang D,Zhang G,Hayden MS,et al.A toll-like receptor that prevents infection by uropathogenic bacteria.Science,2004,303(5663).T522-1526.
[29]Fitzqerald KA,Rowe DC,Barnes BJ,et al.LPS-TLR4 signaling to IRF-3/7 and NF-KappaB involves the toll adapters TRAM and TRIF[J].J Exp Med,2003,198(7):1043-1055.
[30]Mansell A,Brint E,Gould JA,et al.Mal interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor(TRAF)-6 to mediate NF-KappaB activation by toll-like receptor(TLR)-2 and TLR4[J].J Biol Chem,2004,279(36):37227-37230.
[31]Singh R,Kumar A,Diaz-Mitoma F.Augmentation of B7 expression by herpes simplex virus antigen.Hum Immunol,2003,64(8):780-786.
[32]Medzhitov R.Toll-like receptors and innate immunity[J].Nat Rev Immunol,2001,1(2):135-145.
[33]Takeda K,Kaisho T,AKira S.Toll-like receptors.Annu Rev Immunol,2003,21:335-376.
[34]Barton GM,Medzhitov R.Toll-like receptor signaling pathways[J].Science,2003,300(5625):1524-1525.
[35]O'Neill LA.Immunology After the toll rush.Science,2004,303(5663):1481-1482.
[36]Kawai T,Akira S.TLR signaling.Cell Death Differ,2006,13(5):816-825.
[37]Liu PT,Krutzik SR,Modlin RL.Therapeutic implications of the TLR and VDR partnership.Trends Mol Med,2007,13(3):117-124.
[38]Yamamoto M,Sato S,Hemmi H,et al.Role of adaptor TRIF inthe MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway[J].Science,2003,301(5633):640-643.
[39]Hoshino K,Kaisho T,Iwabe T,et al.Differential involvement of IFN—beta in Toll-like receptor stimulated dendritic cell activation.Int Immunol,2002,14(10):1225-1231.
[40]杨再兴,仲人前.Toll样受体3与自身免疫性疾病[J].现代免疫学,2006,26(6):520-522.
[41]Kaisho T,Akira S.Toll-like receptor function and signaling.J Allergy Clin Immunol,2006,117(5):979-987.
[42]Yamamoto M,Sato S,Hemmi H,et al.Role of adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.Science,2003,301(5633):640-643.
[43]Hoebe K,Du X,Georgel P,et al.Identification of Lps2 as a key transducer of MyD88-independent TIR signaling[J].Nature,2003,424(6950):743-748.
[44]Wyllie DH,Kiss-Toth E,Visintin A,et al.Evidence for an accessory protein function for Toll-like receptor 1 in anti-bacterial responses.J Immunol,2000,165(12):7125-7132.
[45]Spitzer JH,Visintin A,Mazzoni A,ef al.Toll-like receptor 1 inhibits Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in endothelial cell[J].Eur J Immunol,2002,32(4):1182-1187.
[46]Takeuchi O,Sato S,Horiuchi T,et al.Cutting edge:role of Toll-like receptor 1 in mediating immune response to microbial lipoproteins[J].J Immunol,2002,169(1):10-14.
[47]Hajjar AM,0'Mahony DS,Ozinsky A,et al.Cutting edge:functional interactions between toll-like receptor(TLR)2and TLR1 or TLR6 in response to phenol-soluble modulin[J].J Immunol,2001,166(1):15-19.
[48]Bulut Y,Faure E,Thomas L,et al.Cooperation of Toll-like receptor 2 and 6 for cellular activation by soluble tuberculosis factor and Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A lipoproteimrole of Toll-interacting protein and IL-1 receptor signaling molecules in Toll-like receptor 2 siglaling[J].J Immunol,2001,167(2):987-994.
[49]Hornung V,Rothenfusser S,Britsch S,et al.Quantitative expression of Toll-like receptor 1-10 mRNA in cellular subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell and sensitivity to CPG Oligodeoxy-nucleotides.J Irnmunol,2002,168(9):4531-4537.
[50]Theiner G,Rossner S,Dalpke A,et al.TLR9 cooperates with TLR4 to increase IL-12 release by murine dendritic cell[J].Mol Immunol,2008,45(1):244-252.
[51]Deka S,Vanover J,Sun J,et al.An early event in the herpes simplex virus type-2 replication cycle is sufficient to induce Chlamydia trachomatis persistence[J].Cellular Microbiology,2007,9(3):725-737.
[52]Schiller M,Metze D,Luger TA,et al.Immune response modifiers-mode of Action[J].Experimental Dermatology,2006,15(5):331-341.
[53]Lund J,Sato A,Akira S,et al.Toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition of herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cell[J].J Exp Med,2003,198(3):51-3-520.
[54]Yang R,Murillo FM,Cui H,et al.Papilloma virus HPV1-like particles stimulate murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cell to produce alpha interferon and TH1 immune responses via MyD88[J].Virol,2004,78(20):11152-11160.
[55]Hemmi H,Kaisho T,Takeuchi O,et al.Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cell via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent singaling pathway[J].Nat Immunol,2002,3(2):196-200.
[56]Sundstrum JB,Little DM,Villinqer F,et al.Singaling through Toll-like receptor triggers HIV-1 replication in latently infected mast cell[J].Immunol,2004,172(7):4391-4401.
[57]Beignon AS,McKenna K,Skobene M,et al.Endocytosis of HIV-1 activates plasmacytoid dendritic cell via Toll-like receptor-viral RNA interactions[J].J Clin Invest,2005,115(11):3265-3275.
[58]Equils O,Schito ML,Karahashi H,et al.Toll-Like Receptor 2(TLR2) and TLR9 Signaling Results in HIV-Long Terminal Repeat Trans-Activation and HIV Replication in HIV-1Transgenic Mouse Spleen Cell:Implications of Simultaneous Activation of TLRs on HIV Replication[J].J Immunol,2003,170(10):5159-51641.
[59]Pasare C,Medzhitov R.Toll-like receptors:linking innate and adaptive immunity[J].Adv Exp Med Biol.2005,560:11-18.
[60]Chaturvedi UC,Agarwal R,Elbishbishi EA,et al.Cytokine cascade in dengue hemorrhagic fever:implications for pathogenesis.FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol,2000,28(3):183-188.
[61]O'Garra A,Arai N.The molecular basis of T helper 1 and T helper 2 cell differentiation.Trends Cell Biol,2000,10(12):542-550.
[62]赵辨.临床皮肤病学[M].江苏科学技术出版社,2001:541-546.
[63]Stanberry LR.Pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus infection and animal models for its study.Curr Top Microbiol Immunol,1992,179:15-30.
[64]Schacker T.The role of HSV in the transmission and progression of HIV.Herpes,2001,8(2):46-49.
[65]程培华,F.Diaz-Mitoma.用PCR和DNA印渍术对100例单纯性生殖器疱疹病毒感染分型的测定分析[J].华夏医学,2000,13(1):8-10.
[66]Schmid DS,Rouse BT.The role ofT cell immunity in control of herpes simplex,virus.Curr Top Microbiol Immunol,1992,179:57-74.
[67]张学军.皮肤性病学(第六版)[M].人民卫生出版社,2006:222-223.
[68]Freeman EE,Weiss HA,Glynn JR,et al.Herpes simplex virus 2 infection increases HIV acquisition in men and women:systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies[J].AIDS,2006,20(1):73-83.
[69]Whitley RJ.Herpes simplex virus infection.Semin Pediatr Infect Dis.2002,13(1)6-11.
[70]Medzhitov R,Janeway CA Jr.Innate immunity:the virtues ofa nonclonal system of recognition[J].Cell,1997,91(3):295-298.
[71]Medzhitov R,JanewayCA Jr.Innate immunity:impact on the adaptive immune response[J].Curr Opin Immunol,1997,9(1):4-9.
[72]Latz E,Schoenemeyer A,Visintin A,et aI.TLR9 signals after translocating from the ER to CpG DNA in the lysosome.Nat Immunol,2004,5(2):190-198.
[73]Takeda K,Kaisho T,Akira S.Toll-like receptors.Annu Rev Immunol,2003,21:335-376.
[74]Matsumoto M,Funami K,Tanabe M,et al.Subcellular localization of Toll-like receptor 3 in human dendritic cell.J Immunol,2003,171(6):3154-3162.
[75]钱起丰,张明霞.生殖器疱疹患者外周血CD14~+单核细胞Toll样受体的表达及其意义.岭南皮肤性病科杂志,2006,13(3):185-187.
[76]Li H,Li X,Tan Y,et al.HSV-2 induces TLRs and NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines in cervical epithelial cell.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2009,379(3):686-690.
[77]Fort MM,Mozaffarian A,St6ver AG,et al.A synthetic TLR4 antagonist has anti-inflammatory effects in two murine models of inflammatory effects in two murine models of inflammatory bowel disease[J].Immunol,2005,174(10):6416-6423.
[78]Hemmi H,Kaisho T,Takeuchi O,et al.Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cell via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway.Nat Immunol,2002,3(2):196-200.
[79]Mark KE,Corey L,Meng TC,et al.Topical resiquimod 0.01%gel decreases herpes simplex virus type 2 genital shedding:a randomized,controlled trial.J Infect Dis,2007,195(9):1324-1331.
[80]Wu JJ;Huang DB,Tyring SK.Resiquimod:a new immune response modifier with potential as a vaccine adjuvant for Th1 immune responses.Antiviral Res,2004,64(2):79-83.
[81]Ashkar AA,Bauer S,Mitchell WJ,et al.Local delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induces rapid changes in the genital mucosa and inhibits replication,but not entry,of herpes simplex virus type 2[J].J Virol,2003,77(16):8948-8956.
[82]Nazli A,Yao XD,Smieja M,et al.Differential.induction of innate anti-viral responses by TLR ligands against Herpes simplex virus,type 2,infection in primary genital epithelium of women.Antiviral Res,2009,81(2):103-112
[83]徐佩红,袁定芬,薛峰,等.生殖器疱疹患者外周血单个核细胞TLR9的表达及血清IL-12、IFN-γ水平的研究.诊断学理论与实践,2007,6(4):366-368.
[84]Zarember KA,Godowski PJ.Tissue expression of human Toll-like receptors and differential regulation of Toll-like receptor mRNAs in leukocytes in response to microbes,their prodUcts,and cytokines.J Immunol,2002,168:554-561.
[85]Posavad CM,Wald A,Hosken N,et al.T cell immunity to herpes simplex viruses in seronegative subjects:silent infection or acquired immunity? J Immunol,2003,170(8):4380-4388.
[86]陈慰峰.医学免疫学.人民卫生出版社.2006,66.
[87]林能兴,涂亚庭,刘志香,等.尖锐湿疣患者PBLC Fas、Bcl-2的表达与血清IFN-γ、IL-4的相关性研究[J].中国皮肤性病学杂志,2002,16(3):150-152.
[88]徐林,姚新生,张忆雄,等.IL-12在免疫应答中的作用研究进展.遵义医学院学报,2002,25(2):172-175.
[89]Piguet V,Wan L,Borel C,et al,HIV-1 Nef protein binds to the cellular protein PACS-1 to downregulate class Ⅰ major histocompatibility complexes[J].Nat Cell Biol,2000,2(3):163-167.
[90]田中伟,宋向凤.复发性生殖器疱疹患者血清IL-2/IFN-γ水平和NK/LAK细胞活性的变化.免疫学杂志,2002,18(3):32-34.
[91]季卉,李富荣,童秋生,等.复发性生殖器疱疹患者外周血CD4~+细胞内细胞因子的表达.中国现代医学杂志,2002,12(13):30-36.
[92]张霞,钱起丰.复发性生殖器疱疹患者血清IL-2及IL-10水平的检测.岭南皮肤性病科杂志,2005,12(1):19-20.
[93]Singh R,Kumar A,Creery WD,et al.Dysregulated expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 and impaired IFN-γ-mediated responses at different disease stages in patients with genital herpes simplex virus-2 infection.Clin Exp Immunol,2003,133:97-107.
[94]Zhang M,Zhang Y.Study of serum levels of interlukin-2 and its receptor,interlukin-6,sICAM-1,sVCAM-1 in patients with recurrent genital herpes.Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban.2003,34(1):84-85.
[95]Deng Y,Yang D,Chen X,et al.Tc1/Tc2 imbalance in the peripheral blood of patients with recurrent genital herpes.J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci,2006,26(1):145-147.
[96]Inagaki-Ohara K,Daikoku T,Goshima F,et al.Impaired induction of protective immunity by highly virulent herpes simplex virus type 2 in a murine model of genital herpes.Arch Virol,2000,145(10):1989-2002.
[97]Chow YH,Huang WL,Chi WK,et al.lmprovement of hepatitis B virus DNA vaccines by plasmids coexpressing hepatitis B surface antigen and interleukin-2[J].J Virol,1997,71(1):169-178.
[98]Carmack MA,Yasukawa LL,Chang SY,et al..T cell recognition and cytokine production elicited by common and type-specific glycoproteins of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2.J Infect Dis,1996,174(5):899-906.
[99]Syrj(a|¨)l(a|¨) H,Surcel HM,Honen J.Low CD4/CD8 T lymphocyte ratio in acute myocardial infarction[J].Clin Exp Immunol,1991,83(2):326-328.
[100]Natuk RJ,Cooper D,Guo M,et al.Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vectors expressing herpes simplex virus type 2 gD elicit robust CD4~+ Thl immune responses and are protective in mouse and guinea pig models of vaginal challenge.J Virol,2006,80(9):4447-4457.
[101]Matveeva NK,Faizullin LZ,Alvares MV,et al.Immune system in women with genital inflammatory diseases caused by Chlamydia and virus infection.Akush Ginekol(Mosk),1995,1:45-48.
[102]Brown EL,Gardella C,Matm G,et al.Effect of maternal herpes simplex virus(HSV)serostatus and HSV type on risk of neonatal herpes.Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand,2007,86(5):523-529.
[103]Parr MB,Parr EL.Mucosal immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in the mouse vagina is impaired by in vivo depletion of T lymphocytes.J Virol,1998,72(4):2677-2685.
[104]Harandi AM,Svennerholm B,Holmgren J,et al.Differential roles of B cell and IFN-gamma-secreting CD4(+) T cell in innate and adaptive immune control of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in mice.J Gen Virol,2001,82(pt 4):845-853.
[105]陶娟,陈兴平,陈映玲.复发性生殖器疱疹患者外周血T细胞亚群及Th1/Th2型细胞因子的模式.咸宁医学院学报,2002,16(2):77-80.
[106]邓树棠,阮建波,阮美果,等.45例生殖器疱疹患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及sIL-2R水平的检测[J].岭南皮肤性病科杂志,1998,5(3):1-3.
[107]Ahmad-Nejad P,Hacker H,Rutz M,et al.Bacterial CpG-DNA and lipopolysaccharidess activate Toll-like receptors at distinct cellular compartments.Eur J Immunol,2002,32(7):1958-1968.
[2]Lemaitre B,Nicolas E,Michaut L,et al.The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette sp(?)tzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults.Cell,1996,86(6):973-983.
[3]Kawai T,Akira S.TLR signaling.Cell Death Differ,2006,13(5):816-825.
[4]Takeda K,Kaisho T,Akira S.Toll-like receptors.Annu Rev Immunol,2003,21:335-376.
[5]Barton GM,Medzhitov R.Control of adaptive immune responses by Toll-like receptors[J].Curr Opin Immunol,2002,14(3):380-383.
[6]Martin MU,Wesche H.Summary and comparison of the signaling mechanisms of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor family[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2002,1592(3):265-280.
[7]Takeda K,Akira S.Toll-like receptors in innate immunity[J].Int Immunol,2005,17(1):1-14.
[8]Hopkins PA,Sriskandan S.Mammalian Toll-like receptors:to immunity and beyond.Clin Exp Immunol,2005,140(3):395-407.
[9]Heil F,Hemmi H,Hochrein H,et al.Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7and 8[J].Science,2004,303(5663):15262-1529.
[10]Pasare C;Medzhitov R.Toll-like receptors:linking innate and adaptive immunity.Microbes Infect,2004,6(15):1382-1387.
[11]Saikh KU,Kissner TL,Sultana A,et al.Human monocytes infected with Yersinia pestis express cell surface TLR9 and differentiate into dendritic cell[J].J Immunol,2004,173(12):7426-7434.
[12]Hasan U,Chaffois C,Gaillard C,et al.Human TLR10 is a Functional Receptor,Expressed by B Cell and P lasmacytoid Dendritic Cell,Which Activates Gene Transcription through MyD88.J Immunol,2005,174(5):2942-2950.
[13]Yarovinsky F,Zhang D,Andersen JF,et al.TLR11 Activation of Dendritic Cell by a Protozoan Profilin-Like Protein.Science,2005,308(5728):1626-1629.
[14]Rehli M.Of mice and men:species variations of Toll-like receptor expression[J].Trends Immunol,2002,23(8):375-378.
[15]Kaisho T,Akira S.Toll-like receptor function and signaling.J Allergy Clin Immunol,2006,117(5):979-987.
[16]Lin L.RAGE on the Toll Road?.Cell Mol Immunol,2006,3(5):351-358.
[17]Vabulas RM,Ahmad-Nejad P,da Costa C,et al.Endocytosed HSP60s use Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2) and TLR4 to activate the toll/interleukin-1 receptor signaling pathway in innate immune cell[J].J Biol Chem,2001,276(33):31332-31339.
[18]MacRedmond R,Greene C,Taggart CC,et al.Respiratory epithelial cell require Toll-like receptor 4 for induction of Human beta-defensin 2 by lipopolysaccharide[J].Respir Res,2005,6:116.
[19]Hopkins PA,Sriskandan S.Mammalian Toll-like receptors:to immunity and beyond[J].Clin Exp Immunol,2005,140(3):395-407.
[20]Haynes LM,Moore DD,Kurt-Jones EA,et al.Involvement of Toll-like receptor 4 in innate immunity to respiratory syncytial virus[J]J Virol,2001,75(22):10730-10737.
[21]Kaisho T,Akira S.Pleiotropic function of Toll-like receptors[J].Microbes Infect,2004,6(15):1388-1394.
[22]Lund JM,Alexopoulou L,Sato A,et al.Recognition of single-stranded RNA viruses by Toll-like receptor 7.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2004,101(15):5598-5603.
[23]Hemmi H,Kaisho T,Takeuchi O,et al.Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cell via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway.Nat Immunol,2002,3(2):196-200.
[24]Jurk M,Heil F,Vollmer J,et al.Human TLR7 or TLR8 independently confer responsiveness to the antiviral compound R-848.Nat Immunol,2002,3(6):499.
[25]Diebold SS,Kaisho T,Hemmi H,et al.Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA.Science,2004,303(5663):1529-1531.
[26]Tabeta K,Georgel P,Janssen E,et al.Toll-like receptors 9 and 3 as essential components of innate immune defense against mouse cytomegalovirus infection.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2004,101(10):3516-3521.
[27]Hopkins PA,Sriskandan S.Mammalian Toll-like receptors:to immunity and beyond.Clin Exp Immunol,2005,140(3):395-407.
[28]Zhang D,Zhang G,Hayden MS,et al.A toll-like receptor that prevents infection by uropathogenic bacteria.Science,2004,303(5663).T522-1526.
[29]Fitzqerald KA,Rowe DC,Barnes BJ,et al.LPS-TLR4 signaling to IRF-3/7 and NF-KappaB involves the toll adapters TRAM and TRIF[J].J Exp Med,2003,198(7):1043-1055.
[30]Mansell A,Brint E,Gould JA,et al.Mal interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor(TRAF)-6 to mediate NF-KappaB activation by toll-like receptor(TLR)-2 and TLR4[J].J Biol Chem,2004,279(36):37227-37230.
[31]Singh R,Kumar A,Diaz-Mitoma F.Augmentation of B7 expression by herpes simplex virus antigen.Hum Immunol,2003,64(8):780-786.
[32]Medzhitov R.Toll-like receptors and innate immunity[J].Nat Rev Immunol,2001,1(2):135-145.
[33]Takeda K,Kaisho T,AKira S.Toll-like receptors.Annu Rev Immunol,2003,21:335-376.
[34]Barton GM,Medzhitov R.Toll-like receptor signaling pathways[J].Science,2003,300(5625):1524-1525.
[35]O'Neill LA.Immunology After the toll rush.Science,2004,303(5663):1481-1482.
[36]Kawai T,Akira S.TLR signaling.Cell Death Differ,2006,13(5):816-825.
[37]Liu PT,Krutzik SR,Modlin RL.Therapeutic implications of the TLR and VDR partnership.Trends Mol Med,2007,13(3):117-124.
[38]Yamamoto M,Sato S,Hemmi H,et al.Role of adaptor TRIF inthe MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway[J].Science,2003,301(5633):640-643.
[39]Hoshino K,Kaisho T,Iwabe T,et al.Differential involvement of IFN—beta in Toll-like receptor stimulated dendritic cell activation.Int Immunol,2002,14(10):1225-1231.
[40]杨再兴,仲人前.Toll样受体3与自身免疫性疾病[J].现代免疫学,2006,26(6):520-522.
[41]Kaisho T,Akira S.Toll-like receptor function and signaling.J Allergy Clin Immunol,2006,117(5):979-987.
[42]Yamamoto M,Sato S,Hemmi H,et al.Role of adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.Science,2003,301(5633):640-643.
[43]Hoebe K,Du X,Georgel P,et al.Identification of Lps2 as a key transducer of MyD88-independent TIR signaling[J].Nature,2003,424(6950):743-748.
[44]Wyllie DH,Kiss-Toth E,Visintin A,et al.Evidence for an accessory protein function for Toll-like receptor 1 in anti-bacterial responses.J Immunol,2000,165(12):7125-7132.
[45]Spitzer JH,Visintin A,Mazzoni A,ef al.Toll-like receptor 1 inhibits Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in endothelial cell[J].Eur J Immunol,2002,32(4):1182-1187.
[46]Takeuchi O,Sato S,Horiuchi T,et al.Cutting edge:role of Toll-like receptor 1 in mediating immune response to microbial lipoproteins[J].J Immunol,2002,169(1):10-14.
[47]Hajjar AM,0'Mahony DS,Ozinsky A,et al.Cutting edge:functional interactions between toll-like receptor(TLR)2and TLR1 or TLR6 in response to phenol-soluble modulin[J].J Immunol,2001,166(1):15-19.
[48]Bulut Y,Faure E,Thomas L,et al.Cooperation of Toll-like receptor 2 and 6 for cellular activation by soluble tuberculosis factor and Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A lipoproteimrole of Toll-interacting protein and IL-1 receptor signaling molecules in Toll-like receptor 2 siglaling[J].J Immunol,2001,167(2):987-994.
[49]Hornung V,Rothenfusser S,Britsch S,et al.Quantitative expression of Toll-like receptor 1-10 mRNA in cellular subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell and sensitivity to CPG Oligodeoxy-nucleotides.J Irnmunol,2002,168(9):4531-4537.
[50]Theiner G,Rossner S,Dalpke A,et al.TLR9 cooperates with TLR4 to increase IL-12 release by murine dendritic cell[J].Mol Immunol,2008,45(1):244-252.
[51]Deka S,Vanover J,Sun J,et al.An early event in the herpes simplex virus type-2 replication cycle is sufficient to induce Chlamydia trachomatis persistence[J].Cellular Microbiology,2007,9(3):725-737.
[52]Schiller M,Metze D,Luger TA,et al.Immune response modifiers-mode of Action[J].Experimental Dermatology,2006,15(5):331-341.
[53]Lund J,Sato A,Akira S,et al.Toll-like receptor 9-mediated recognition of herpes simplex virus-2 by plasmacytoid dendritic cell[J].J Exp Med,2003,198(3):51-3-520.
[54]Yang R,Murillo FM,Cui H,et al.Papilloma virus HPV1-like particles stimulate murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cell to produce alpha interferon and TH1 immune responses via MyD88[J].Virol,2004,78(20):11152-11160.
[55]Hemmi H,Kaisho T,Takeuchi O,et al.Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cell via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent singaling pathway[J].Nat Immunol,2002,3(2):196-200.
[56]Sundstrum JB,Little DM,Villinqer F,et al.Singaling through Toll-like receptor triggers HIV-1 replication in latently infected mast cell[J].Immunol,2004,172(7):4391-4401.
[57]Beignon AS,McKenna K,Skobene M,et al.Endocytosis of HIV-1 activates plasmacytoid dendritic cell via Toll-like receptor-viral RNA interactions[J].J Clin Invest,2005,115(11):3265-3275.
[58]Equils O,Schito ML,Karahashi H,et al.Toll-Like Receptor 2(TLR2) and TLR9 Signaling Results in HIV-Long Terminal Repeat Trans-Activation and HIV Replication in HIV-1Transgenic Mouse Spleen Cell:Implications of Simultaneous Activation of TLRs on HIV Replication[J].J Immunol,2003,170(10):5159-51641.
[59]Pasare C,Medzhitov R.Toll-like receptors:linking innate and adaptive immunity[J].Adv Exp Med Biol.2005,560:11-18.
[60]Chaturvedi UC,Agarwal R,Elbishbishi EA,et al.Cytokine cascade in dengue hemorrhagic fever:implications for pathogenesis.FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol,2000,28(3):183-188.
[61]O'Garra A,Arai N.The molecular basis of T helper 1 and T helper 2 cell differentiation.Trends Cell Biol,2000,10(12):542-550.
[62]赵辨.临床皮肤病学[M].江苏科学技术出版社,2001:541-546.
[63]Stanberry LR.Pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus infection and animal models for its study.Curr Top Microbiol Immunol,1992,179:15-30.
[64]Schacker T.The role of HSV in the transmission and progression of HIV.Herpes,2001,8(2):46-49.
[65]程培华,F.Diaz-Mitoma.用PCR和DNA印渍术对100例单纯性生殖器疱疹病毒感染分型的测定分析[J].华夏医学,2000,13(1):8-10.
[66]Schmid DS,Rouse BT.The role ofT cell immunity in control of herpes simplex,virus.Curr Top Microbiol Immunol,1992,179:57-74.
[67]张学军.皮肤性病学(第六版)[M].人民卫生出版社,2006:222-223.
[68]Freeman EE,Weiss HA,Glynn JR,et al.Herpes simplex virus 2 infection increases HIV acquisition in men and women:systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies[J].AIDS,2006,20(1):73-83.
[69]Whitley RJ.Herpes simplex virus infection.Semin Pediatr Infect Dis.2002,13(1)6-11.
[70]Medzhitov R,Janeway CA Jr.Innate immunity:the virtues ofa nonclonal system of recognition[J].Cell,1997,91(3):295-298.
[71]Medzhitov R,JanewayCA Jr.Innate immunity:impact on the adaptive immune response[J].Curr Opin Immunol,1997,9(1):4-9.
[72]Latz E,Schoenemeyer A,Visintin A,et aI.TLR9 signals after translocating from the ER to CpG DNA in the lysosome.Nat Immunol,2004,5(2):190-198.
[73]Takeda K,Kaisho T,Akira S.Toll-like receptors.Annu Rev Immunol,2003,21:335-376.
[74]Matsumoto M,Funami K,Tanabe M,et al.Subcellular localization of Toll-like receptor 3 in human dendritic cell.J Immunol,2003,171(6):3154-3162.
[75]钱起丰,张明霞.生殖器疱疹患者外周血CD14~+单核细胞Toll样受体的表达及其意义.岭南皮肤性病科杂志,2006,13(3):185-187.
[76]Li H,Li X,Tan Y,et al.HSV-2 induces TLRs and NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines in cervical epithelial cell.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2009,379(3):686-690.
[77]Fort MM,Mozaffarian A,St6ver AG,et al.A synthetic TLR4 antagonist has anti-inflammatory effects in two murine models of inflammatory effects in two murine models of inflammatory bowel disease[J].Immunol,2005,174(10):6416-6423.
[78]Hemmi H,Kaisho T,Takeuchi O,et al.Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cell via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway.Nat Immunol,2002,3(2):196-200.
[79]Mark KE,Corey L,Meng TC,et al.Topical resiquimod 0.01%gel decreases herpes simplex virus type 2 genital shedding:a randomized,controlled trial.J Infect Dis,2007,195(9):1324-1331.
[80]Wu JJ;Huang DB,Tyring SK.Resiquimod:a new immune response modifier with potential as a vaccine adjuvant for Th1 immune responses.Antiviral Res,2004,64(2):79-83.
[81]Ashkar AA,Bauer S,Mitchell WJ,et al.Local delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induces rapid changes in the genital mucosa and inhibits replication,but not entry,of herpes simplex virus type 2[J].J Virol,2003,77(16):8948-8956.
[82]Nazli A,Yao XD,Smieja M,et al.Differential.induction of innate anti-viral responses by TLR ligands against Herpes simplex virus,type 2,infection in primary genital epithelium of women.Antiviral Res,2009,81(2):103-112
[83]徐佩红,袁定芬,薛峰,等.生殖器疱疹患者外周血单个核细胞TLR9的表达及血清IL-12、IFN-γ水平的研究.诊断学理论与实践,2007,6(4):366-368.
[84]Zarember KA,Godowski PJ.Tissue expression of human Toll-like receptors and differential regulation of Toll-like receptor mRNAs in leukocytes in response to microbes,their prodUcts,and cytokines.J Immunol,2002,168:554-561.
[85]Posavad CM,Wald A,Hosken N,et al.T cell immunity to herpes simplex viruses in seronegative subjects:silent infection or acquired immunity? J Immunol,2003,170(8):4380-4388.
[86]陈慰峰.医学免疫学.人民卫生出版社.2006,66.
[87]林能兴,涂亚庭,刘志香,等.尖锐湿疣患者PBLC Fas、Bcl-2的表达与血清IFN-γ、IL-4的相关性研究[J].中国皮肤性病学杂志,2002,16(3):150-152.
[88]徐林,姚新生,张忆雄,等.IL-12在免疫应答中的作用研究进展.遵义医学院学报,2002,25(2):172-175.
[89]Piguet V,Wan L,Borel C,et al,HIV-1 Nef protein binds to the cellular protein PACS-1 to downregulate class Ⅰ major histocompatibility complexes[J].Nat Cell Biol,2000,2(3):163-167.
[90]田中伟,宋向凤.复发性生殖器疱疹患者血清IL-2/IFN-γ水平和NK/LAK细胞活性的变化.免疫学杂志,2002,18(3):32-34.
[91]季卉,李富荣,童秋生,等.复发性生殖器疱疹患者外周血CD4~+细胞内细胞因子的表达.中国现代医学杂志,2002,12(13):30-36.
[92]张霞,钱起丰.复发性生殖器疱疹患者血清IL-2及IL-10水平的检测.岭南皮肤性病科杂志,2005,12(1):19-20.
[93]Singh R,Kumar A,Creery WD,et al.Dysregulated expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 and impaired IFN-γ-mediated responses at different disease stages in patients with genital herpes simplex virus-2 infection.Clin Exp Immunol,2003,133:97-107.
[94]Zhang M,Zhang Y.Study of serum levels of interlukin-2 and its receptor,interlukin-6,sICAM-1,sVCAM-1 in patients with recurrent genital herpes.Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban.2003,34(1):84-85.
[95]Deng Y,Yang D,Chen X,et al.Tc1/Tc2 imbalance in the peripheral blood of patients with recurrent genital herpes.J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci,2006,26(1):145-147.
[96]Inagaki-Ohara K,Daikoku T,Goshima F,et al.Impaired induction of protective immunity by highly virulent herpes simplex virus type 2 in a murine model of genital herpes.Arch Virol,2000,145(10):1989-2002.
[97]Chow YH,Huang WL,Chi WK,et al.lmprovement of hepatitis B virus DNA vaccines by plasmids coexpressing hepatitis B surface antigen and interleukin-2[J].J Virol,1997,71(1):169-178.
[98]Carmack MA,Yasukawa LL,Chang SY,et al..T cell recognition and cytokine production elicited by common and type-specific glycoproteins of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2.J Infect Dis,1996,174(5):899-906.
[99]Syrj(a|¨)l(a|¨) H,Surcel HM,Honen J.Low CD4/CD8 T lymphocyte ratio in acute myocardial infarction[J].Clin Exp Immunol,1991,83(2):326-328.
[100]Natuk RJ,Cooper D,Guo M,et al.Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vectors expressing herpes simplex virus type 2 gD elicit robust CD4~+ Thl immune responses and are protective in mouse and guinea pig models of vaginal challenge.J Virol,2006,80(9):4447-4457.
[101]Matveeva NK,Faizullin LZ,Alvares MV,et al.Immune system in women with genital inflammatory diseases caused by Chlamydia and virus infection.Akush Ginekol(Mosk),1995,1:45-48.
[102]Brown EL,Gardella C,Matm G,et al.Effect of maternal herpes simplex virus(HSV)serostatus and HSV type on risk of neonatal herpes.Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand,2007,86(5):523-529.
[103]Parr MB,Parr EL.Mucosal immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in the mouse vagina is impaired by in vivo depletion of T lymphocytes.J Virol,1998,72(4):2677-2685.
[104]Harandi AM,Svennerholm B,Holmgren J,et al.Differential roles of B cell and IFN-gamma-secreting CD4(+) T cell in innate and adaptive immune control of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in mice.J Gen Virol,2001,82(pt 4):845-853.
[105]陶娟,陈兴平,陈映玲.复发性生殖器疱疹患者外周血T细胞亚群及Th1/Th2型细胞因子的模式.咸宁医学院学报,2002,16(2):77-80.
[106]邓树棠,阮建波,阮美果,等.45例生殖器疱疹患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及sIL-2R水平的检测[J].岭南皮肤性病科杂志,1998,5(3):1-3.
[107]Ahmad-Nejad P,Hacker H,Rutz M,et al.Bacterial CpG-DNA and lipopolysaccharidess activate Toll-like receptors at distinct cellular compartments.Eur J Immunol,2002,32(7):1958-1968.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |