西安黄土层地铁盾构施工引起地层变形规律研究
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摘要
本文以西安地铁二号线工程为背景,根据西安部分地区黄土地层情况及地铁所穿越的古建筑物情况,从盾构施工工艺因素、地层条件和地表建筑物因素三个方面利用有限元法深入分析盾构隧道施工引起的地层和建筑物的变形规律。最后,提出适合西安黄土地质条件与施工工艺的工程实用预测公式及模型。
(1)系统归纳国内外对盾构隧道施工引起地层位移、地表建筑物变形规律及其预测模型的研究成果,针对目前研究中存在的问题和不足进行总结,并对国内外典型的研究成果加以借鉴和修正,使其更适用于国内实际情况,以西安黄土地层土压平衡盾构地铁为研究背景,提出本文的研究内容和研究思路。
(2)对比岩土体的本构模型及黄土的本构模型,确定利用土体参数在室内试验易于确定的邓肯-张模型作为本文的有限元分析方法,由于大部分有限元软件都缺乏自带的Duncan-chang本构模型子程序模块,本文根据Duncan-chang模型对土体应力-应变关系以及加载-卸载的土体破坏准则的阐述,采用ANSYS程序特有的APDL参数化语言)编制Duncan-chang.mac文件,实现黄土在加-卸载情况下的非线性弹性数值分析。
(3)根据Rowe和Kack基于K.M.Lee理论提出的间隙参数概念以及相关学者提出的‘等代层”原理进行深入剖析,引入影响间隙参数的工艺因子：注浆填充率β、盾构开挖面支护压力比兄和盾构偏心超挖率κ等参数,从而对前人提出的间隙参数进行修正,然后基于Loganathan公式对不同的工艺因子引起的地表沉降进行敏感性分析,归纳各个工艺因子对地表沉降的影响程度;由于前人提出的“等代层”概念是建立在大量实际工程基础上的,等代层参数的取值与工艺因素、地层因素密切相关,为此本文基于间隙参数对等代层参数的取值进行更深入的剖析,从而对基于实测地表沉降的有限元数值反演提供比较清晰的反演思路。
(4)利用前文开发的Duncan-chang模型对黄土地层的邓肯-张参数进行敏感性分析,并对隧道埋深H、地层不同深度Z处的沉降槽参数(如：地层最大沉降Smax、沉降槽宽度i)等进行综合分析,得到地层最大沉降Smax、沉降槽宽度i的预测公式,并将公式应用于工程实测中加以验证,从而证明本文预测模型的合理性。
(5)通过数值模拟研究地表建筑物自身因素如,建筑物的相对刚度、长高比、偏心比及基础埋深等不同影响因素下对地表沉降的影响；然后结合前人研究成果对有建筑物情况下的地表沉降参数进行相应的修正,提出在隧道作用下建筑物沉降预测模型。
(6)结合西安地铁二号线下穿南门城墙这一工程实际,研究在不同的盾构施工工艺下对天然地表及城墙砌体的沉降及变形规律,从变形和力学的角度综合评价城墙的安全稳定性,从而指导盾构施工,对地表的沉降控制提供参考。
Based on The part of The loess region and The building conditions along The Xi'an No.2 subway line project in this Thesis, three aspects or factors such as The workmanship of shield tunnel,ground conditions and The building on The ground are proposed to simulated by FEM to research into The settlements and deformation laws of ground and structure. Lastly, some practical methods about The expressions and model which are fit for The Xi'an ground conditions and workmanship are suggested to predicting The ground settlement and structure deformation.
(1)A systematic research and some summarization are conducted in this Thesis to discuss The deformation laws of ground and structure and prediction model from home and abroad. These conclusions are used for reference and modified properly for practicality at home through summing up The difficult problems and shortages of The researches at The present time. The research contents and thoughts are proposed to solve The aforesaid problems by means of Xi'an subway shield tunnel construction by EPB Method in Loess Region.
(2)The FEM analysis method such as Duncan-chang constitutive model which its parameters are prone to testing is determined by contrast with constitutive model of rock-soil and loess. For lack of The subprograms about Duncan-chang constitutive model in most of FEM software, The file of Duncan-chang.mac is programmed to achieving The nonlinear-elastic analysis with APDL in The software of ANSYS.The stress-strain relationship and failure criterion of soil are reflected on The subprograms very well.
(3)The workmanship gene about grouting eliminated-β,three dimensional elastoplastic deformation because of support pressure-λand over excavation because of shield pitch or yaw-κare deeply proposed to analyzing The gap which Rowe and Kack based on K.M.Lee suggested and The equivalent circle zone parameters and modifying it properly. Then The Loganathan expressions are used into The sensitivity analysis of The ground settlements because of workmanship gene. Based on The large number of database of factual project, The concept of equivalent circle zone parameters which pre-scholar suggested are nearly relative to The workmanship factor and ground conditions. The equivalent circle zone parameters are deeper analyzed to provide The clearer FEM back analysis thoughts based on The factual ground settlements.
(4)The settlement trough parameters in different depth of tunnel and different parameters of Duncan-chang, such as The maximal settlement and The width of settlement trough are sensitivity analyzed synThetically with Duncan-chang constitutive model. Lastly, The expressions of maximal settlement and The width of settlement trough are applied to The factual project and validated with a large number of tests.
(5)The influence on The ground settlement in different factors such as The relative rigidity of structure, The ratio of length and height of structure, eccentricity of structure, and The depth of foundation of structure are researched in this Thesis with FEM and proposed The prediction model of ground settlement when There has structures on The ground based on The pre-scholar's research.
(6)The research on The deformation law of ground and City Wall in different workmanship factors of shield tunnel is simulated with three dimensional FEM in The background of The Xi'an No.2 subway line project where is under The South-Door of City Wall. The safety and stability of The City Wall are synThetically evaluated from The point of deformation and mechanics and offer some guidance to The shield tunnel construction and The control of ground settlement.
(1)系统归纳国内外对盾构隧道施工引起地层位移、地表建筑物变形规律及其预测模型的研究成果,针对目前研究中存在的问题和不足进行总结,并对国内外典型的研究成果加以借鉴和修正,使其更适用于国内实际情况,以西安黄土地层土压平衡盾构地铁为研究背景,提出本文的研究内容和研究思路。
(2)对比岩土体的本构模型及黄土的本构模型,确定利用土体参数在室内试验易于确定的邓肯-张模型作为本文的有限元分析方法,由于大部分有限元软件都缺乏自带的Duncan-chang本构模型子程序模块,本文根据Duncan-chang模型对土体应力-应变关系以及加载-卸载的土体破坏准则的阐述,采用ANSYS程序特有的APDL参数化语言)编制Duncan-chang.mac文件,实现黄土在加-卸载情况下的非线性弹性数值分析。
(3)根据Rowe和Kack基于K.M.Lee理论提出的间隙参数概念以及相关学者提出的‘等代层”原理进行深入剖析,引入影响间隙参数的工艺因子：注浆填充率β、盾构开挖面支护压力比兄和盾构偏心超挖率κ等参数,从而对前人提出的间隙参数进行修正,然后基于Loganathan公式对不同的工艺因子引起的地表沉降进行敏感性分析,归纳各个工艺因子对地表沉降的影响程度;由于前人提出的“等代层”概念是建立在大量实际工程基础上的,等代层参数的取值与工艺因素、地层因素密切相关,为此本文基于间隙参数对等代层参数的取值进行更深入的剖析,从而对基于实测地表沉降的有限元数值反演提供比较清晰的反演思路。
(4)利用前文开发的Duncan-chang模型对黄土地层的邓肯-张参数进行敏感性分析,并对隧道埋深H、地层不同深度Z处的沉降槽参数(如：地层最大沉降Smax、沉降槽宽度i)等进行综合分析,得到地层最大沉降Smax、沉降槽宽度i的预测公式,并将公式应用于工程实测中加以验证,从而证明本文预测模型的合理性。
(5)通过数值模拟研究地表建筑物自身因素如,建筑物的相对刚度、长高比、偏心比及基础埋深等不同影响因素下对地表沉降的影响；然后结合前人研究成果对有建筑物情况下的地表沉降参数进行相应的修正,提出在隧道作用下建筑物沉降预测模型。
(6)结合西安地铁二号线下穿南门城墙这一工程实际,研究在不同的盾构施工工艺下对天然地表及城墙砌体的沉降及变形规律,从变形和力学的角度综合评价城墙的安全稳定性,从而指导盾构施工,对地表的沉降控制提供参考。
Based on The part of The loess region and The building conditions along The Xi'an No.2 subway line project in this Thesis, three aspects or factors such as The workmanship of shield tunnel,ground conditions and The building on The ground are proposed to simulated by FEM to research into The settlements and deformation laws of ground and structure. Lastly, some practical methods about The expressions and model which are fit for The Xi'an ground conditions and workmanship are suggested to predicting The ground settlement and structure deformation.
(1)A systematic research and some summarization are conducted in this Thesis to discuss The deformation laws of ground and structure and prediction model from home and abroad. These conclusions are used for reference and modified properly for practicality at home through summing up The difficult problems and shortages of The researches at The present time. The research contents and thoughts are proposed to solve The aforesaid problems by means of Xi'an subway shield tunnel construction by EPB Method in Loess Region.
(2)The FEM analysis method such as Duncan-chang constitutive model which its parameters are prone to testing is determined by contrast with constitutive model of rock-soil and loess. For lack of The subprograms about Duncan-chang constitutive model in most of FEM software, The file of Duncan-chang.mac is programmed to achieving The nonlinear-elastic analysis with APDL in The software of ANSYS.The stress-strain relationship and failure criterion of soil are reflected on The subprograms very well.
(3)The workmanship gene about grouting eliminated-β,three dimensional elastoplastic deformation because of support pressure-λand over excavation because of shield pitch or yaw-κare deeply proposed to analyzing The gap which Rowe and Kack based on K.M.Lee suggested and The equivalent circle zone parameters and modifying it properly. Then The Loganathan expressions are used into The sensitivity analysis of The ground settlements because of workmanship gene. Based on The large number of database of factual project, The concept of equivalent circle zone parameters which pre-scholar suggested are nearly relative to The workmanship factor and ground conditions. The equivalent circle zone parameters are deeper analyzed to provide The clearer FEM back analysis thoughts based on The factual ground settlements.
(4)The settlement trough parameters in different depth of tunnel and different parameters of Duncan-chang, such as The maximal settlement and The width of settlement trough are sensitivity analyzed synThetically with Duncan-chang constitutive model. Lastly, The expressions of maximal settlement and The width of settlement trough are applied to The factual project and validated with a large number of tests.
(5)The influence on The ground settlement in different factors such as The relative rigidity of structure, The ratio of length and height of structure, eccentricity of structure, and The depth of foundation of structure are researched in this Thesis with FEM and proposed The prediction model of ground settlement when There has structures on The ground based on The pre-scholar's research.
(6)The research on The deformation law of ground and City Wall in different workmanship factors of shield tunnel is simulated with three dimensional FEM in The background of The Xi'an No.2 subway line project where is under The South-Door of City Wall. The safety and stability of The City Wall are synThetically evaluated from The point of deformation and mechanics and offer some guidance to The shield tunnel construction and The control of ground settlement.
引文
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