长沙市市级医院护士职业压力、个性特征与职业倦怠关系研究
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摘要
目的:为长沙市各级医院预防和干预护士职业倦怠提供理论依据和建议意见,为改善护士身心健康、稳定护理队伍、提高护理工作质量提供参考依据。
方法:采用整群分层随机抽样方法,随机抽取长沙市五家综合性三级医院。将院内门诊、急诊、内科病房、外科病房、妇产科和重症监护病房、手术室内符合入选标准的相关护理人员作为调查对象。调查问卷包括调查对象的一般统计学资料、职业压力问卷、职业倦怠倦怠问卷、个性特征问卷。所有资料均采用SPSS10.0统计软件进行录入和统计分析,主要统计分析方法包括:①描述性分析;②差异检验;③多元回归分析:④方差分析;⑤相关性分析,检验标准a=0.05,P值均为双侧概率。
结论:长沙市级医院护士的职业倦怠程度较重,应引起谁会的高度重视。职业压力主要是来自于人际关系和职业发展的压力;人口统计学变量中的七个变量均是影响职业倦怠的因素;护士职业压力、人格特征与职业倦怠之间有显著的相关存在,;长沙市各级医院应将护士职业倦怠的预防和干预工作重点偏向于具有内外向性低分、神经质高分、精神质高分、掩饰性低分人格特征的护士。
结果:1、当前长沙市级医院护士所面临的职业压力较多,尤其是来自人际关系、和职业发展方面的压力;同时表现出一定程度的职业倦怠,其中情感衰竭和低成就感较为严重。
2、年龄、工龄、技术职务、个人月总收入、工作科室等人口统计学变量是影响长沙市级医院护士职业倦怠的重要因素,婚姻、生育、现任护理行政职务等人口统计学变量在职业倦怠各维度上均无显著差异。
3、长沙市级医院护士的职业压力、人格特征与职业倦怠间有显著的相关存在。
4、压力、人格特征的不同方面对长沙市级医院护士职业倦怠的不同维度具有预测作用。
5、不同人格特征组的长沙市级医院护士在职业倦怠各维度上存在显著差异,内外向性低分、神经质高分、精神质高分、掩饰性低分的长沙市级医院护士较容易发生职业倦怠,长沙市级医院护士的人格特征对职业压力和职业倦怠可以起到间接的调节作用。
Objectives: As one of the core topics of study upon Job burnout and working pressure, Occupational Fatigue, or job burnout, among the nursing staff has become a hot concern among the world of nursing and psychology. Considering both internal and external causes, the author sets forth the relationship between job burnout and working pressure as well as personality by investigating nurses working in various prefecture-level hospitals in Changsha
Methods: With a general questionnaire regarding occupational fatigue, the author carried out a questionnaire survey among 412 nurses that were randomly selected from 5 prefecture-level hospitals in Changsha, and employed the statistical software SPSS 10.0 to enter and process the collected raw data. On the basis of the descriptive statistical results of an analysis on occupational stress, personality, and job burnout among the nursing staff in middle and primary schools, of a significance test nificance test of difference upon the demographic variable called population of nurses with job burnout, and of the analysis on relationship between job burnout and personality as well as occupational pressure, the author goes further to run variance analysis to compare the differences in extent to which nurses with various personality characteristics might show occupational fatigue, and besides, applies multiple regression analysis to determine whether or not job burnout can be predicted or explained by occupational pressure, personality characteristics, and some independent explanatory demographic variables and how significance test nificantly this regression relationship holds.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that the nurses working with prefecture-level hospitals in Changsha are in the face of a lot of job burnout and we should pay more attention to this phenomenon. the nurses in the face of a lot of tremendous pressure, especially the mounting pressure from interpersonal relationship, patients' manner, and career development。seven factors resulting in the occupational fatigue among the nursing staff in city-level hospitals in Changsha demographic variables。There is statistically significance test nificant linear regression relationship between the explained variable, job burnout.
Result: 1、Nowadays, the nurses working with prefecture-level hospitals in Changsha are in the face of a lot of tremendous pressure, especially the mounting pressure from interpersonal relationship, patients' manner, and career development, the pressure, more or less, triggers the job burnout among these nurses, intensively showing as affective deterioration, or burnout, and sense of underachievement.2、Demographic variables, such as, physiological age, working age, technical position, monthly income, working office, are key factors resulting in the occupational fatigue among the nursing staff in city-level hospitals in Changsha, demographic variables, for instance, marriage, childbirth, and the current administrative position, however, are statistically in significance test nificant in explaining all kinds of job burnout.3、There is statistically significance test nificant linear regression relationship between the explained variable, job burnout, and the two explaining variables, occupational pressure and personality characteristics, that is, statistically speaking, job burnout results from occupational pressure and personality characteristics. 4、Basing on the above-mentioned regression model, we can predict varied job burnout among nursing people in prefecture-level hospitals by categorizing diverse working pressure and personality characteristics and plugging them into the model. 5、The appearance of job burnout varied remarkably with personality characteristics of the 412 nurses in the sample, who were divided into different groups by personality in this research. It turned out that nurses from prefecture-level hospitals who got low scores in introversion/extroversion, high scores in nervous disposition, high scores in spiritual disposition, and low scores in concealment orientation, were more prone to job burnout than the others, a trend reflected by the 412 nurses observed, that proves our conclusion that personality characteristics can to some extent contribute to retiring occupational pressure and fatigue as well.
方法:采用整群分层随机抽样方法,随机抽取长沙市五家综合性三级医院。将院内门诊、急诊、内科病房、外科病房、妇产科和重症监护病房、手术室内符合入选标准的相关护理人员作为调查对象。调查问卷包括调查对象的一般统计学资料、职业压力问卷、职业倦怠倦怠问卷、个性特征问卷。所有资料均采用SPSS10.0统计软件进行录入和统计分析,主要统计分析方法包括:①描述性分析;②差异检验;③多元回归分析:④方差分析;⑤相关性分析,检验标准a=0.05,P值均为双侧概率。
结论:长沙市级医院护士的职业倦怠程度较重,应引起谁会的高度重视。职业压力主要是来自于人际关系和职业发展的压力;人口统计学变量中的七个变量均是影响职业倦怠的因素;护士职业压力、人格特征与职业倦怠之间有显著的相关存在,;长沙市各级医院应将护士职业倦怠的预防和干预工作重点偏向于具有内外向性低分、神经质高分、精神质高分、掩饰性低分人格特征的护士。
结果:1、当前长沙市级医院护士所面临的职业压力较多,尤其是来自人际关系、和职业发展方面的压力;同时表现出一定程度的职业倦怠,其中情感衰竭和低成就感较为严重。
2、年龄、工龄、技术职务、个人月总收入、工作科室等人口统计学变量是影响长沙市级医院护士职业倦怠的重要因素,婚姻、生育、现任护理行政职务等人口统计学变量在职业倦怠各维度上均无显著差异。
3、长沙市级医院护士的职业压力、人格特征与职业倦怠间有显著的相关存在。
4、压力、人格特征的不同方面对长沙市级医院护士职业倦怠的不同维度具有预测作用。
5、不同人格特征组的长沙市级医院护士在职业倦怠各维度上存在显著差异,内外向性低分、神经质高分、精神质高分、掩饰性低分的长沙市级医院护士较容易发生职业倦怠,长沙市级医院护士的人格特征对职业压力和职业倦怠可以起到间接的调节作用。
Objectives: As one of the core topics of study upon Job burnout and working pressure, Occupational Fatigue, or job burnout, among the nursing staff has become a hot concern among the world of nursing and psychology. Considering both internal and external causes, the author sets forth the relationship between job burnout and working pressure as well as personality by investigating nurses working in various prefecture-level hospitals in Changsha
Methods: With a general questionnaire regarding occupational fatigue, the author carried out a questionnaire survey among 412 nurses that were randomly selected from 5 prefecture-level hospitals in Changsha, and employed the statistical software SPSS 10.0 to enter and process the collected raw data. On the basis of the descriptive statistical results of an analysis on occupational stress, personality, and job burnout among the nursing staff in middle and primary schools, of a significance test nificance test of difference upon the demographic variable called population of nurses with job burnout, and of the analysis on relationship between job burnout and personality as well as occupational pressure, the author goes further to run variance analysis to compare the differences in extent to which nurses with various personality characteristics might show occupational fatigue, and besides, applies multiple regression analysis to determine whether or not job burnout can be predicted or explained by occupational pressure, personality characteristics, and some independent explanatory demographic variables and how significance test nificantly this regression relationship holds.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that the nurses working with prefecture-level hospitals in Changsha are in the face of a lot of job burnout and we should pay more attention to this phenomenon. the nurses in the face of a lot of tremendous pressure, especially the mounting pressure from interpersonal relationship, patients' manner, and career development。seven factors resulting in the occupational fatigue among the nursing staff in city-level hospitals in Changsha demographic variables。There is statistically significance test nificant linear regression relationship between the explained variable, job burnout.
Result: 1、Nowadays, the nurses working with prefecture-level hospitals in Changsha are in the face of a lot of tremendous pressure, especially the mounting pressure from interpersonal relationship, patients' manner, and career development, the pressure, more or less, triggers the job burnout among these nurses, intensively showing as affective deterioration, or burnout, and sense of underachievement.2、Demographic variables, such as, physiological age, working age, technical position, monthly income, working office, are key factors resulting in the occupational fatigue among the nursing staff in city-level hospitals in Changsha, demographic variables, for instance, marriage, childbirth, and the current administrative position, however, are statistically in significance test nificant in explaining all kinds of job burnout.3、There is statistically significance test nificant linear regression relationship between the explained variable, job burnout, and the two explaining variables, occupational pressure and personality characteristics, that is, statistically speaking, job burnout results from occupational pressure and personality characteristics. 4、Basing on the above-mentioned regression model, we can predict varied job burnout among nursing people in prefecture-level hospitals by categorizing diverse working pressure and personality characteristics and plugging them into the model. 5、The appearance of job burnout varied remarkably with personality characteristics of the 412 nurses in the sample, who were divided into different groups by personality in this research. It turned out that nurses from prefecture-level hospitals who got low scores in introversion/extroversion, high scores in nervous disposition, high scores in spiritual disposition, and low scores in concealment orientation, were more prone to job burnout than the others, a trend reflected by the 412 nurses observed, that proves our conclusion that personality characteristics can to some extent contribute to retiring occupational pressure and fatigue as well.
引文
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3.曾玲娟,伍新春.国外职业倦怠研究概说[J].沈阳师范大学学报(社会科学版),2003,27(1):81-84.
4.王晓春,甘怡群.国外关于工作倦怠研究的现状述评[J].心理科学进展,2003,11(5):567-572.
5.徐长江,时勘.一个不断扩展的研究领域[J].心理科学进展,2003,11(6):680-685.
6.胡冰霜,梁友信.精疲力竭症的三维模式[J].职业医学,1997,24(6):46-47.
7.卞冉,龙立荣.工作倦怠的理论研究及其进展[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2003,11(4):317-320.
8.蒋奖,许燕等.医护人员工作倦怠与A型人格、控制点的关系研究[J].心理科学,2004,27(2):364-366.
9.龚耀先.艾森克个性问卷(修订).湖南医学院,1983:13-37.
10.张大均主编.教育心理学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1999.51
11.吴明隆编著.SPSS统计应用实务[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000.
12.李小妹,护理学导论长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2001-1
13.李靖,枯竭研究进展[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2003,39(2):286-290
14.李兆良,高燕,冯晓黎。论医护人员职业倦怠的原因与对策[J]。医学与社会,2005,18(6):26。
15.陈素坤,王秋霞.护士职业压力与心理适应的调查研究.中华护理杂志,2002,37(9):659-662.
16.李永鑫,李艺敏,时金献.护士工作倦怠与人格特征的相关研究[J].护理学杂志,2007,22(1):3-5.
17.杨文,赵勇,蒋守涛,等.医生工作压力现状与职业倦怠的研究[J].中国康复,2006,21(6):390-391.
18.冯莺,骆宏,叶志弘,等.MBI量表在护士工作倦怠研究中的测试[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2004,18(7):477-479.
19.李晓雯,谷金君,徐广益,等.综合医院护士职业倦怠与工作压力、自尊及控制点的关系研究[J].护理学杂志,2007,22(14):1-3.
20.丁莉萍,叶志霞,王汉琴.护士职业倦怠原因分析及对策[J].中国实用护理杂志,20(10):49-50.
21.罗文基,朱湘吉,陈如山,等.生涯规划及发展[M].台北:空中大学出版 社,1991:26-41.
22.李小妹,刘彦君.护士工作压力源及工作疲溃感的调查研究[J].中华护理杂志,2000,35(11):645-649.
23.赵体玉,李秀云,张亮,等.大型综合性教学医院护理人员工作压力及其相关因素研究[J].护理学杂志,2005,20(9):12-15.
24.蔡芬,肖鹏妹,黄亚才.急诊科护士工作疲溃状况的调查研究[J].现代护理,2006,12(8):698-699.
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3.曾玲娟,伍新春.国外职业倦怠研究概说[J].沈阳师范大学学报(社会科学版),2003,27(1):81-84.
4.王晓春,甘怡群.国外关于工作倦怠研究的现状述评[J].心理科学进展,2003,11(5):567-572.
5.徐长江,时勘.一个不断扩展的研究领域[J].心理科学进展,2003,11(6):680-685.
6.胡冰霜,梁友信.精疲力竭症的三维模式[J].职业医学,1997,24(6):46-47.
7.卞冉,龙立荣.工作倦怠的理论研究及其进展[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2003,11(4):317-320.
8.蒋奖,许燕等.医护人员工作倦怠与A型人格、控制点的关系研究[J].心理科学,2004,27(2):364-366.
9.龚耀先.艾森克个性问卷(修订).湖南医学院,1983:13-37.
10.张大均主编.教育心理学[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1999.51
11.吴明隆编著.SPSS统计应用实务[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2000.
12.李小妹,护理学导论长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2001-1
13.李靖,枯竭研究进展[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2003,39(2):286-290
14.李兆良,高燕,冯晓黎。论医护人员职业倦怠的原因与对策[J]。医学与社会,2005,18(6):26。
15.陈素坤,王秋霞.护士职业压力与心理适应的调查研究.中华护理杂志,2002,37(9):659-662.
16.李永鑫,李艺敏,时金献.护士工作倦怠与人格特征的相关研究[J].护理学杂志,2007,22(1):3-5.
17.杨文,赵勇,蒋守涛,等.医生工作压力现状与职业倦怠的研究[J].中国康复,2006,21(6):390-391.
18.冯莺,骆宏,叶志弘,等.MBI量表在护士工作倦怠研究中的测试[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2004,18(7):477-479.
19.李晓雯,谷金君,徐广益,等.综合医院护士职业倦怠与工作压力、自尊及控制点的关系研究[J].护理学杂志,2007,22(14):1-3.
20.丁莉萍,叶志霞,王汉琴.护士职业倦怠原因分析及对策[J].中国实用护理杂志,20(10):49-50.
21.罗文基,朱湘吉,陈如山,等.生涯规划及发展[M].台北:空中大学出版 社,1991:26-41.
22.李小妹,刘彦君.护士工作压力源及工作疲溃感的调查研究[J].中华护理杂志,2000,35(11):645-649.
23.赵体玉,李秀云,张亮,等.大型综合性教学医院护理人员工作压力及其相关因素研究[J].护理学杂志,2005,20(9):12-15.
24.蔡芬,肖鹏妹,黄亚才.急诊科护士工作疲溃状况的调查研究[J].现代护理,2006,12(8):698-699.
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