颚式破碎机能耗和齿板结构参数研究
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摘要
据统计,物料加工的第一道工序——破碎作业的耗电占到选矿厂总耗电量的50%以上。同时以使用的PE250×400颚式破碎机一副齿板(固定齿板和动颚齿板各一块),总重约0.2吨,按全国破碎机最少拥有量7万标准台计算,每年全国要消耗高锰钢5.6万吨。这直接算入物料破碎成本,齿板的损耗成为除颚式破碎机能耗以外的又一大损耗。因此颚式破碎机的能耗和齿板结构参数是颚式破碎机制造厂家和使用者十分关心的重要问题,所以本文主要围绕降低颚式破碎机能耗和延长齿板使用寿命的课题进行研究。
论文的主要工作和创新点如下:
1.运用耗散结构理论和损伤力学理论,结合应变等效假设,推导出物料破碎过程中的损伤能量释放率与损伤变量之间的关系式,并在此基础上得到物料破碎过程中的损伤能量释放率临界阈值;
2.以颚式破碎机的结构参数为基础,结合物料在颚式破碎机中的分布特征,推导出颚式破碎机电机功率数学模型,运用该模型计算出三种型号颚式破碎机电机功率,并通过三种型号颚式破碎机破碎砂岩的电机功率测试实验,验证了推导的数学模型合理性;
3.运用模糊随机理论对PE250×400颚式破碎机动颚齿板的受力情况进行了分析,应用Ansys软件对齿板的应力进行了计算,并对齿板的结构参数进行了改进,改进后的齿板结构降低了齿板的应力集中,延长了齿板的使用寿命,节约了齿板的制造材料,同时降低了颚式破碎机破碎物料的能耗。
Statistics indicated that the materials processing's first working procedure--crushing job consumes the electricity to occupy above ore dressing plant total power consumption 50%.Simultaneously uses a PE250×400 jaw crusher jaw plate(fixed jaw plate and moves jaw plate each together),the gross weight 0.2 ton,according to the national jaw crusher least standard capacity 70,000 computation,every year the nation must consume the high manganese steel 56,000 tons approximately.This includes the material crushing cost directly,jaw plate's loss into besides jaw crusher energy consumption another big loss.Therefore the jaw crusher's energy consumption and the jaw plate design parameter are the important questions which the jaw crusher manufacturer and the user cared,therefore this article mainly revolves to reduce the jaw crusher energy consumption and the extension jaw plate service life topic conducts the research.
Paper prime task and innovation as follows:
1.Using the diffusion structural theory and the damage mechanics theory,the union strain equivalent assuming,infers in the materials crushing process the damage energy liberation rate and between the damage variable relationship,based on this and obtains in the materials crushing process damage energy liberation rate critical threshold value;
2.Take the jaw crusher's design parameter as the foundation,the union material in jaw crusher distributed characteristic,infers the jaw crusher electrical machinery power mathematical model,utilizes this model to calculate three kind of model jaw crusher electrical machinery power,and through three kind of model jaw crusher crushing sandstone's electrical machinery power test experiment,has confirmed the inferential reasoning mathematical model rationality;
3.Utilized the fuzzy stochastic theory to carry on the analysis to the PE250×400 jaw plate stress situation,has carried on the computation using the Ansys software to the jaw plate stress,and made the improvement to the jaw plate design parameter,after the improvement jaw plate structure reduced the stress concentration,lengthened the service life,saved the manufacture material,simultaneously reduced the crushing materials energy consumption.
论文的主要工作和创新点如下:
1.运用耗散结构理论和损伤力学理论,结合应变等效假设,推导出物料破碎过程中的损伤能量释放率与损伤变量之间的关系式,并在此基础上得到物料破碎过程中的损伤能量释放率临界阈值;
2.以颚式破碎机的结构参数为基础,结合物料在颚式破碎机中的分布特征,推导出颚式破碎机电机功率数学模型,运用该模型计算出三种型号颚式破碎机电机功率,并通过三种型号颚式破碎机破碎砂岩的电机功率测试实验,验证了推导的数学模型合理性;
3.运用模糊随机理论对PE250×400颚式破碎机动颚齿板的受力情况进行了分析,应用Ansys软件对齿板的应力进行了计算,并对齿板的结构参数进行了改进,改进后的齿板结构降低了齿板的应力集中,延长了齿板的使用寿命,节约了齿板的制造材料,同时降低了颚式破碎机破碎物料的能耗。
Statistics indicated that the materials processing's first working procedure--crushing job consumes the electricity to occupy above ore dressing plant total power consumption 50%.Simultaneously uses a PE250×400 jaw crusher jaw plate(fixed jaw plate and moves jaw plate each together),the gross weight 0.2 ton,according to the national jaw crusher least standard capacity 70,000 computation,every year the nation must consume the high manganese steel 56,000 tons approximately.This includes the material crushing cost directly,jaw plate's loss into besides jaw crusher energy consumption another big loss.Therefore the jaw crusher's energy consumption and the jaw plate design parameter are the important questions which the jaw crusher manufacturer and the user cared,therefore this article mainly revolves to reduce the jaw crusher energy consumption and the extension jaw plate service life topic conducts the research.
Paper prime task and innovation as follows:
1.Using the diffusion structural theory and the damage mechanics theory,the union strain equivalent assuming,infers in the materials crushing process the damage energy liberation rate and between the damage variable relationship,based on this and obtains in the materials crushing process damage energy liberation rate critical threshold value;
2.Take the jaw crusher's design parameter as the foundation,the union material in jaw crusher distributed characteristic,infers the jaw crusher electrical machinery power mathematical model,utilizes this model to calculate three kind of model jaw crusher electrical machinery power,and through three kind of model jaw crusher crushing sandstone's electrical machinery power test experiment,has confirmed the inferential reasoning mathematical model rationality;
3.Utilized the fuzzy stochastic theory to carry on the analysis to the PE250×400 jaw plate stress situation,has carried on the computation using the Ansys software to the jaw plate stress,and made the improvement to the jaw plate design parameter,after the improvement jaw plate structure reduced the stress concentration,lengthened the service life,saved the manufacture material,simultaneously reduced the crushing materials energy consumption.
引文
[1]廖汉元,孔建益,钮国辉.颚式破碎机,北京:机械工业出版社,2008,1-50
[2]母福生.破碎理论的研究现状和发展要求.硫磷设计和粉体工程,2006,(4):20-23
[3]罗红萍.双腔颚式破碎机动力学研究及结构优化[硕士学位论文],长沙:中南大学,2006
[4]戴少生,王旦容.复摆颚式破碎机功率计算(一),2001,(5):20-22
[5]孙成林.破碎机械回顾与展望.2005,(21):134-137
[6]Yu M H.A unified strength criterion for rock material.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(8):975-989
[7]范天佑.断裂理论基础.北京:科学出版社,2003,1-30
[8]Germanovich,L.N,Dyskin,A.V.Fracture mechanisms and instability of openings in compression,2000,37(1):334-340
[9]张晓春,杨挺清,嫪协星.岩石裂纹演化及其力学特性的研究进展.力学进展,1999,29(1):97-104
[10]唐春安,黄明利,张国民.岩石介质中多裂纹扩展相互作用及其贯通机制的数值模拟.地震,2001,21(2):53-59
[11]黄明利,唐春安,梁正召.岩石裂纹相互作用的应力场分析.东北大学学报(自然科学版),2001,22(4):446-449
[12]王启智.浅谈岩石力学与断裂力学.岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5):496-497
[13]Krajcinovic D.Damage mechanics.Mechanics of Materials,1989,8(23):117-197
[14]冯西桥.准脆性材料细观损伤力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2002,1-30
[15]Dougill,J.W.Damage and energy dissipation in cement pastes in compression.Magazine of Concrete Research,1976,28(3):21-29
[16]Dragon,A.Mroz,Z.A continuum model for plastic-brittle behaviour of rock and concrete.International Journal of Engineering Science,1979,19(2):121-137
[17]Krajcinovic D.Some fundamental issues of damage mechanics.Mechanics of Materials,1995,21(3):217-230
[18]Krajcinovic D.Micromechanically inspired phenomenological damage model.J Appl Mech,1991,(58):305-310
[19]Marigo J.Modelling of brittle and fatigue damage for elastic materials by growth of microvoids.Eng Fract Mech,1985,21(4):861-874
[20]Bui H D.Propagation of damage in elastic and plastic solids.ICF-5,1983,533-551
[21]Bui H D.The steady state propagation of a damaged zone of an elastic brittle solid.ICF-6,1984,(2):10-15
[22]Sidoroff F.Damage mechanics and its application to composite materials.In:Proceedings of the European Mechanics Colloquium 182,Elsevier Applied Science Publisher,1985,21-35
[23]Frantziskonis G.Constitutive model with strain softening.Int J Solids Struct,1987,23(6):733-750
[24]Kawamoto T.Deformation and fracturing behavior of discontinuous rock mass and damage mechanics theory.Int J Numerical Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1988,(12):1-30
[25]Cheng H.Deformation and diffusion behavior in a solid experiencing damage:A continuous damage model and its numerical implementation.J Rock Mech Sci Abstr,1993,(30):1323-1331
[26]Aubertin M.Constitutive equations with internal state variables for the inelastic behavior of soft rocks.Appl Mech Rev,1994,47(6),Part2:97-101
[27]Chen K S.Damage mechanics treatment of creep failure in rock salt.Int J Damage Mech,1997,(1):121-151
[28]谢和平.岩石混凝土损伤力学.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1990,173-201
[29]朱维申.三维脆弹塑性断裂损伤模型在裂隙岩体工程中的应用.固体力学学报,1999,20(2):164-170
[30]周维垣.岩体弹脆性损伤本构模型及工程应用.岩土工程学报,1998,20(5):54-57
[31]杨圣奇,徐卫亚,韦立德.单轴压缩下岩石损伤统计本构模型与试验研究.河海大学学报(自然科学版),2004,3(2):200-203
[32]白洁.损伤统计演化方程的性质和数值模拟.力学学报,1999,31(1):38-48
[33]杨友卿.岩石强度的损伤力学分析.岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1):23-27
[34]曹文贵.岩石破裂过程的统计损伤模拟研究.岩土工程学报,2003,25(2):184-187
[35]赵永红.用数字图像相关技术进行岩石损伤的变形分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(1):73-76
[36]周宏伟.结构化岩体采动裂隙分布规律与分形性实验研究.实验力学, 1998,13(2):145-154
[37]谢和平,鞠杨.分数维空间中的损伤力学研究初探.力学学报,1999,31(3):300-310
[38]Gurson A L.Continuum theory of ductile by void nucleation and growth.Eng Mat.Tech,1977,(99):2-15
[39]Krajcinovic D.A mesomechanical model for brittle deformation processes:Part Ⅰ and Ⅱ.J Appl Mech,1989,56(1):57-62
[40]Sumarac D.A self-consistent model for microcrack-weakened solids.Mech Mater,1987,6(1):39-52
[41]Ju J W.Micromechanical damage models for brittle solids Ⅰ:Tensile loadings.J Eng Mech,1991,117(7):1495-1514
[42]Lee X.Micromechanical damage models for brittle solids Ⅱ:Compressive loadings.J Eng Mech,1991,(117):1515-1536
[43]Horii H.Compression-induced microcrack growth in brittle solids:Axial splitting and shear failure.J Geophys Res,1985,(90):3105-3125
[44]Horii H.Brittle failure in compression:Splitting,faulting and brittle ductile transition.Phil Trans R Soc Lond A,1986,(319):337-374
[45]Bazant Z P.Mechanics of distributed cracking.Appl Mech Rev,1986,(39):665-705
[46]Bazant Z P.Scaling of structural failure.Appl Mech Rev,1997,50(10):593-627
[47]Bazant Z P.Nonlocal integral formulations of plasticity and damage:Survey of progress.J Eng Mech,2002,128(11):1119-1149
[48]柯孚久.理想微裂纹系统演化的特征.中国科学,A辑,1991,(3):276-284
[49]夏蒙棼.统计细观损伤力学和损伤演化诱致突变.力学进展,1995,25(1):1-23
[50]Bai Y L.Closed trans-scale statistical microdamage mechanics.Acta Mech Sin,2002,18(1):1-17
[51]朱维申.裂隙岩体的损伤断裂理论与应用.岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(3):236-245
[52]佩兰特.岩石与矿物.北京:中国友谊出版公司,2003,1-30
[53]Prigogine I.Scattering theory and subdynamics.Physica.1973,63(1):1-32
[54]吴立新.遥感岩石力学及其新近进展与未来展望.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(2):139-146
[55]张研,张子明.材料细观力学.北京:科学出版社,2008,1-43
[56]李如生.非平衡热力学和耗散结构.北京:清华大学出版社,1986,40-80
[57]Kachanov.L.Microcrack model of rock inelasticity part Ⅲ:Time-dependent growth of microcracks.Mechanics of Materials,1982,2(1):123-139
[58]Rabotnov Yu.N.Dynamic problems for elastic-plastic solids with delayed yielding.International Journal of Solids and Structures,1971,7(2):143-159
[59]Lemaitre J.How to use damage mechanics.Nuclear Engineering and Design,1984,80(3):233-245
[60]Hueckel,T.Dilatancy hysteresis in rocks.A generalized Ramberg-Osgood approach.Computers and Geotechnics,1991,11(1):209-234
[61]徐芝伦.弹性力学.北京:人民教育出版社,1979.30-100
[62]王曙明.模糊随机优化理论.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2006.12-150
[63]段进.ANSYS10.0结构分析从入门到精通.北京:兵器工业出版社,2006,10-172
[2]母福生.破碎理论的研究现状和发展要求.硫磷设计和粉体工程,2006,(4):20-23
[3]罗红萍.双腔颚式破碎机动力学研究及结构优化[硕士学位论文],长沙:中南大学,2006
[4]戴少生,王旦容.复摆颚式破碎机功率计算(一),2001,(5):20-22
[5]孙成林.破碎机械回顾与展望.2005,(21):134-137
[6]Yu M H.A unified strength criterion for rock material.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(8):975-989
[7]范天佑.断裂理论基础.北京:科学出版社,2003,1-30
[8]Germanovich,L.N,Dyskin,A.V.Fracture mechanisms and instability of openings in compression,2000,37(1):334-340
[9]张晓春,杨挺清,嫪协星.岩石裂纹演化及其力学特性的研究进展.力学进展,1999,29(1):97-104
[10]唐春安,黄明利,张国民.岩石介质中多裂纹扩展相互作用及其贯通机制的数值模拟.地震,2001,21(2):53-59
[11]黄明利,唐春安,梁正召.岩石裂纹相互作用的应力场分析.东北大学学报(自然科学版),2001,22(4):446-449
[12]王启智.浅谈岩石力学与断裂力学.岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5):496-497
[13]Krajcinovic D.Damage mechanics.Mechanics of Materials,1989,8(23):117-197
[14]冯西桥.准脆性材料细观损伤力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2002,1-30
[15]Dougill,J.W.Damage and energy dissipation in cement pastes in compression.Magazine of Concrete Research,1976,28(3):21-29
[16]Dragon,A.Mroz,Z.A continuum model for plastic-brittle behaviour of rock and concrete.International Journal of Engineering Science,1979,19(2):121-137
[17]Krajcinovic D.Some fundamental issues of damage mechanics.Mechanics of Materials,1995,21(3):217-230
[18]Krajcinovic D.Micromechanically inspired phenomenological damage model.J Appl Mech,1991,(58):305-310
[19]Marigo J.Modelling of brittle and fatigue damage for elastic materials by growth of microvoids.Eng Fract Mech,1985,21(4):861-874
[20]Bui H D.Propagation of damage in elastic and plastic solids.ICF-5,1983,533-551
[21]Bui H D.The steady state propagation of a damaged zone of an elastic brittle solid.ICF-6,1984,(2):10-15
[22]Sidoroff F.Damage mechanics and its application to composite materials.In:Proceedings of the European Mechanics Colloquium 182,Elsevier Applied Science Publisher,1985,21-35
[23]Frantziskonis G.Constitutive model with strain softening.Int J Solids Struct,1987,23(6):733-750
[24]Kawamoto T.Deformation and fracturing behavior of discontinuous rock mass and damage mechanics theory.Int J Numerical Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1988,(12):1-30
[25]Cheng H.Deformation and diffusion behavior in a solid experiencing damage:A continuous damage model and its numerical implementation.J Rock Mech Sci Abstr,1993,(30):1323-1331
[26]Aubertin M.Constitutive equations with internal state variables for the inelastic behavior of soft rocks.Appl Mech Rev,1994,47(6),Part2:97-101
[27]Chen K S.Damage mechanics treatment of creep failure in rock salt.Int J Damage Mech,1997,(1):121-151
[28]谢和平.岩石混凝土损伤力学.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1990,173-201
[29]朱维申.三维脆弹塑性断裂损伤模型在裂隙岩体工程中的应用.固体力学学报,1999,20(2):164-170
[30]周维垣.岩体弹脆性损伤本构模型及工程应用.岩土工程学报,1998,20(5):54-57
[31]杨圣奇,徐卫亚,韦立德.单轴压缩下岩石损伤统计本构模型与试验研究.河海大学学报(自然科学版),2004,3(2):200-203
[32]白洁.损伤统计演化方程的性质和数值模拟.力学学报,1999,31(1):38-48
[33]杨友卿.岩石强度的损伤力学分析.岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(1):23-27
[34]曹文贵.岩石破裂过程的统计损伤模拟研究.岩土工程学报,2003,25(2):184-187
[35]赵永红.用数字图像相关技术进行岩石损伤的变形分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(1):73-76
[36]周宏伟.结构化岩体采动裂隙分布规律与分形性实验研究.实验力学, 1998,13(2):145-154
[37]谢和平,鞠杨.分数维空间中的损伤力学研究初探.力学学报,1999,31(3):300-310
[38]Gurson A L.Continuum theory of ductile by void nucleation and growth.Eng Mat.Tech,1977,(99):2-15
[39]Krajcinovic D.A mesomechanical model for brittle deformation processes:Part Ⅰ and Ⅱ.J Appl Mech,1989,56(1):57-62
[40]Sumarac D.A self-consistent model for microcrack-weakened solids.Mech Mater,1987,6(1):39-52
[41]Ju J W.Micromechanical damage models for brittle solids Ⅰ:Tensile loadings.J Eng Mech,1991,117(7):1495-1514
[42]Lee X.Micromechanical damage models for brittle solids Ⅱ:Compressive loadings.J Eng Mech,1991,(117):1515-1536
[43]Horii H.Compression-induced microcrack growth in brittle solids:Axial splitting and shear failure.J Geophys Res,1985,(90):3105-3125
[44]Horii H.Brittle failure in compression:Splitting,faulting and brittle ductile transition.Phil Trans R Soc Lond A,1986,(319):337-374
[45]Bazant Z P.Mechanics of distributed cracking.Appl Mech Rev,1986,(39):665-705
[46]Bazant Z P.Scaling of structural failure.Appl Mech Rev,1997,50(10):593-627
[47]Bazant Z P.Nonlocal integral formulations of plasticity and damage:Survey of progress.J Eng Mech,2002,128(11):1119-1149
[48]柯孚久.理想微裂纹系统演化的特征.中国科学,A辑,1991,(3):276-284
[49]夏蒙棼.统计细观损伤力学和损伤演化诱致突变.力学进展,1995,25(1):1-23
[50]Bai Y L.Closed trans-scale statistical microdamage mechanics.Acta Mech Sin,2002,18(1):1-17
[51]朱维申.裂隙岩体的损伤断裂理论与应用.岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(3):236-245
[52]佩兰特.岩石与矿物.北京:中国友谊出版公司,2003,1-30
[53]Prigogine I.Scattering theory and subdynamics.Physica.1973,63(1):1-32
[54]吴立新.遥感岩石力学及其新近进展与未来展望.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(2):139-146
[55]张研,张子明.材料细观力学.北京:科学出版社,2008,1-43
[56]李如生.非平衡热力学和耗散结构.北京:清华大学出版社,1986,40-80
[57]Kachanov.L.Microcrack model of rock inelasticity part Ⅲ:Time-dependent growth of microcracks.Mechanics of Materials,1982,2(1):123-139
[58]Rabotnov Yu.N.Dynamic problems for elastic-plastic solids with delayed yielding.International Journal of Solids and Structures,1971,7(2):143-159
[59]Lemaitre J.How to use damage mechanics.Nuclear Engineering and Design,1984,80(3):233-245
[60]Hueckel,T.Dilatancy hysteresis in rocks.A generalized Ramberg-Osgood approach.Computers and Geotechnics,1991,11(1):209-234
[61]徐芝伦.弹性力学.北京:人民教育出版社,1979.30-100
[62]王曙明.模糊随机优化理论.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2006.12-150
[63]段进.ANSYS10.0结构分析从入门到精通.北京:兵器工业出版社,2006,10-172
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