基于细胞自动机的污水处理过程建模与仿真研究
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摘要
活性污泥法是利用微生物的生理特性对污水中的有机物进行净化的有效的方法,是目前使用的最广泛的污水生物处理的方法。活性污泥法的污水处理过程包含了极其复杂的生化反应,使整个系统呈现出高度非线性、时变、不确定性和时滞等特点,这就导致了污水处理过程的建模比较困难。由于活性污泥法的净化机理是基于微生物的生化反应,因此建立活性污泥法污水处理的生物模型具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。而细胞自动机作为人工智能的一个分支学科,可以用于复杂系统和人工生命系统的建模思想。利用细胞自动机对活性污泥法的污水处理过程进行建模,从生物角度反映污水处理的生化过程,更直观地展现出污水处理过程的特点。
本文在现有的研究成果的基础上,借助活性污泥法的净化机理和细胞自动机的原理,对细胞自动机及其在活性污泥法污水处理建模中的应用进行了深入研究,主要工作如下:
1.在分析活性污泥系统中微生物的生理特性及其作用的基础上,利用活性污泥法的净化机理和细胞自动机原理,提出了利用细胞自动机从生物角度模拟曝气池内污水处理过程的研究方案。
2.针对活性污泥的吸附和稳定过程,提出了使用退火细胞自动机规则进行建模的思想,建立了二维的退火细胞自动机模型,并进行仿真验证,证明了其有效性。
3.针对曝气池内的整个污水处理过程,包括初期吸附、生物代谢和重力沉降,提出了使用概率细胞自动机规则进行建模的思想,建立了三维的概率细胞自动机模型,并进行了仿真验证,证明了其有效性。
4.利用LabVIEW软件平台开发活性污泥法污水处理过程中的污泥产量计算的仿真软件,并初步实现了污水处理过程的动态仿真。
污水处理过程的细胞自动机模型的研究对活性污泥法污水处理过程的建模和仿真技术的发展提供了新方法,但由于条件和时间限制,尚有许多方面有待改进。
Activated sludge method is an effective method to purify the organic wastewater which using the physiological characteristics of micro-organisms. It is the most widely used method for biological wastewater treatment currently. The process of activated sludge method contains extremely complex biochemical reactions, so that the whole system is high non-linear, time-varying, uncertain and time-delay. These characteristics make it difficult to simulate the process of wastewater treatment. For the purifying mechanism of activated sludge process is based on biochemical reactions, it has important theoretical and practical significance to set up the biochemical model of the activated sludge process. As a branch of artificial intelligence, cellular automata can be used to model and simulate the complex systems and artificial life systems. The utilization of cellular automata on the modeling of activated sludge process directly shows the characteristics of wastewater treatment process, and reflects the process of biochemical reactions from the biological point.
In this paper, based on the existing results, the purification mechanism of activated sludge method, and the principle of cellular automata, cellular automata and its application in the modeling of activated sludge method are deeply researched. The main works are as follows:
1. In the analysis of the physiological characteristics and the role of micro-organisms in activated sludge system, a research program which simulated wastewater treatment process in the bioreactor was proposed. And it is based on the purification mechanism of activated sludge method and the principle of cellular automata.
2. A new idea based on anneal cellular automata for the adsorption and stability process of activated sludge was proposed. And a two-dimensional cellular automata model was set up. The simulation results prove that this modeling system is effective.
3. A new idea based on probability cellular automata for the whole process of wastewater treatment was proposed. The whole process consists of adsorption, metabolism and gravity sedimentation. And a three-dimensional probability cellular automata model was set up. The simulation results prove that this modeling system is effective.
4. A simulation software for the wastewater treatment process was developed based on LabVIEW platform. And the initial dynamic simulation of the wastewater treatment process was implemented.
The research on the cellular automata model provides a new method for the development of the modeling and simulation for the wastewater treatment process of activated sludge method. However, because of the limitation conditions and time, there are many aspects needed to be improved.
本文在现有的研究成果的基础上,借助活性污泥法的净化机理和细胞自动机的原理,对细胞自动机及其在活性污泥法污水处理建模中的应用进行了深入研究,主要工作如下:
1.在分析活性污泥系统中微生物的生理特性及其作用的基础上,利用活性污泥法的净化机理和细胞自动机原理,提出了利用细胞自动机从生物角度模拟曝气池内污水处理过程的研究方案。
2.针对活性污泥的吸附和稳定过程,提出了使用退火细胞自动机规则进行建模的思想,建立了二维的退火细胞自动机模型,并进行仿真验证,证明了其有效性。
3.针对曝气池内的整个污水处理过程,包括初期吸附、生物代谢和重力沉降,提出了使用概率细胞自动机规则进行建模的思想,建立了三维的概率细胞自动机模型,并进行了仿真验证,证明了其有效性。
4.利用LabVIEW软件平台开发活性污泥法污水处理过程中的污泥产量计算的仿真软件,并初步实现了污水处理过程的动态仿真。
污水处理过程的细胞自动机模型的研究对活性污泥法污水处理过程的建模和仿真技术的发展提供了新方法,但由于条件和时间限制,尚有许多方面有待改进。
Activated sludge method is an effective method to purify the organic wastewater which using the physiological characteristics of micro-organisms. It is the most widely used method for biological wastewater treatment currently. The process of activated sludge method contains extremely complex biochemical reactions, so that the whole system is high non-linear, time-varying, uncertain and time-delay. These characteristics make it difficult to simulate the process of wastewater treatment. For the purifying mechanism of activated sludge process is based on biochemical reactions, it has important theoretical and practical significance to set up the biochemical model of the activated sludge process. As a branch of artificial intelligence, cellular automata can be used to model and simulate the complex systems and artificial life systems. The utilization of cellular automata on the modeling of activated sludge process directly shows the characteristics of wastewater treatment process, and reflects the process of biochemical reactions from the biological point.
In this paper, based on the existing results, the purification mechanism of activated sludge method, and the principle of cellular automata, cellular automata and its application in the modeling of activated sludge method are deeply researched. The main works are as follows:
1. In the analysis of the physiological characteristics and the role of micro-organisms in activated sludge system, a research program which simulated wastewater treatment process in the bioreactor was proposed. And it is based on the purification mechanism of activated sludge method and the principle of cellular automata.
2. A new idea based on anneal cellular automata for the adsorption and stability process of activated sludge was proposed. And a two-dimensional cellular automata model was set up. The simulation results prove that this modeling system is effective.
3. A new idea based on probability cellular automata for the whole process of wastewater treatment was proposed. The whole process consists of adsorption, metabolism and gravity sedimentation. And a three-dimensional probability cellular automata model was set up. The simulation results prove that this modeling system is effective.
4. A simulation software for the wastewater treatment process was developed based on LabVIEW platform. And the initial dynamic simulation of the wastewater treatment process was implemented.
The research on the cellular automata model provides a new method for the development of the modeling and simulation for the wastewater treatment process of activated sludge method. However, because of the limitation conditions and time, there are many aspects needed to be improved.
引文
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2张寿全.21世纪首都水问题的对策与建议.中国软科学.2000,(8):14~18
3缪应祺.水污染控制工程.南京:东南大学出版社,2002
4张统.间歇式活性污泥法污水处理技术及工程实例.北京:化学工业出版社,2002
5于广平,苑明哲,王宏.活性污泥法污水处理数学模型的发展和应用.信息与控制.2006,35(5):614~618
6 Eckenfelder W W Jr, O’Conor, D J.Biological Waste Treatment.New York:Pergamon Press,1961
7孙宗健,王金生,滕彦国.Grau模型在微生物膜生长动力学中的应用.水处理技术.2007,33(5):15~17
8 Mckinney R E,San J.Mathematics of complete mixing activated sludge.ASCE Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, 1962, 88(3): 87~113
9 Lawrence A W, McCarty P L. A unified basis for biological treatment design and operation. ASCE Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, ASCE, 1970, 96(3): 733~736
10 Henze M, etal. A General model for single sludge waste water treatment systems. Wat.Res. 1987, 21: 505~515
11 Marais G V R, Ekama G A. The activated sludge process part II—Dynamic behavior. Water SA. 1977, 1:18~50
12李亚新.活性污泥法理论与技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
13 Henze M, Grady C P L Jr, Guier W, eta1. Activated Sludge Model No.1. IAWPRC Scientific and Technical Report No.l. London: IAWPRC, 1987
14 Henze M, Gujer W, Mino T, eta1. Activated Sludge Model No.2. IAwPRC Scientific and Technical Report No.1. London: IAWPRC, 1995
15赵麟菱,活性污泥模型ASM2的简化及优化控制策略研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2007
16 Gujer W, Henze M, Mino T, eta1. Activated Sludge Model No.3.Water Science and Technology, 1999, 39(1): 183~193
17 O Karahan-Gul,Van Loosdrecht M C M,Orhon D. Modifying of activated sludge Model No.3 considering direct growth in primary substrate. Wat Sci Tech. 2003,47(11): 2197~2205
18 Tong R M, Beck M B, Latten A. Fuzzy control of the activated sludge wastewater treatment process. Automatica, 1980, 16 (3): 695~701
19 Olssen G, Randqwist L, Eriesson L, etal. Self-tuning control the dissolved oxygen concentration in activated sludge systems. In:Halme A. Instrumentation and Control of water and Wastewater Treatment and TransPort System-Proe.4th IAQPRC WorkshoP. Pergamum,Oxford,1985:473~480
20 Tsai Y P, Ouyang C F, Chiang W L, etal. Effluent suspended solid control of activated sludge process by fuzzy control approach. Water Environment Research, 1996, 68(6): 1045~1053
21 Yin M. T. Fuzzy logic process control of HPO-AS process. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1996, 122(6): 484~492
22 Manesis S A, Sapidis D J, King R E. Intelligent control of wastewater treatment plants.Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, 1998, 12 (2): 275~281
23 Zhu J B, Zurcher J, Rao M, etal. An on-line wastewater quality prediction system based on a time-delay neural network. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 1998, 11(6): 747~758
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