沈阳市实施排污权交易的研究
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摘要
排污权交易是一项通过市场手段配置、保护环境资源的经济政策,它是推行总量控制和节能减排的有效措施之一,也是有效调控总量控制指标,完成一个城市、一个流域以及一个区域总量控制目标的重要手段之一。
沈阳市实施排污权交易是完成污染减排任务所采取的主要措施之一,也是为新建、扩建以及改建项目提供排污指标的有效措施之一,同时是为沈阳市经济发展提供环境容量所必不可少的保证措施之一。
根据国内外排污权交易现状,依据国家“十一五”期间总量控制因子和减排目标,结合沈阳市的实际情况,确定本研究的主要内容为,确定排污权交易的原则;排污权交易程序;排污权交易方法;排污权交易指标;排污指标的交易条件;排污交易指标的审核确认;排污交易指标的收费;排污权交易的监督管理;排污权交易的责任。
Environment is a resource, environmental capacity is a limit to protect environmental resources, but this resource has been a long time free of occupation. As a result of industrial development and the improvement of socio-economic level, more and more serious environmental pollution problems, the world emissions of pollutants have different forms and degrees of regulation. The implementation of total quantity control is the scientific use of environmental capacity and protection of environmental quality of the primary means of emissions trading is to achieve total control objectives, and promote healthy development of the economy, one of the main measures is the compensation for the use of environmental resources, policies and measures. Through these, the human realization of the neglect of the environment from emissions restrictions policy, then the legal regulation of the development process.
Means of emissions trading through the market allocation of resources to protect the environment, one of the important economic policies as well as total control of the implementation of an effective emission reduction and energy-saving measures. Its appearance has changed the traditional environmental management systems, and lagging behind the negative side, to the cause of environmental protection has brought new vitality.
"Emissions trading" system was first proposed by U.S. economist Dales 70s in the 20th century suggested that the first use of the United States Environmental Protection Agency for use in air pollution and river pollution control and management. Then, Germany, Australia, the United Kingdom have carried out the practice of emission trading policy.
Emissions trading as a new economic instruments for environmental management in the United States has made remarkable economic and social benefits. European countries is the implementation of emissions trading and the effect of earlier significant countries, emissions trading in the EU countries has been booming. So far, a great volume of their transactions, economic growth and environmental protection has become a major bright spot.
China's emissions trading started in the eighties, but mainly in the part of local regions and cities, and the exploration of individual indicators, the pilot for the establishment of China's emissions trading system and market operation to provide the practical experience and demonstration effect. So far, domestic emissions trading has been in a pilot stage, there is no unified national regulatory requirements.
Overall analysis, China's emissions trading is still in the exploration and the initial stage, the scope of emissions trading is limited, at the same time on the technical aspects of emissions trading also does not have a unified, scientific, and effective means and methods, various cities and regions of the basic co-ordination , the scale and extent of emissions trading is still far behind the situation of environmental protection. Therefore, the implementation of emissions trading of emission reduction in China's energy-saving process of great significance and role, and the research and implementation will be carried out in our depth.
At present, very difficult task of pollution abatement, government action alone is not enough, especially in the rapid development of the socio-economic background, the material consumption of energy and resources is bound to increase the total amount of new construction projects should continue to emerge, Therefore only the technical means to control the growth or reduction of pollutants in the total amount of pollutants is very difficult to address the poor will have an impact on the normal development of the socio-economic.
The implementation of emissions trading is the Regional and sewage units paid the sale of emission trading system indicators. The implementation of emissions trading, the market mechanism can achieve geographical balance of pollutants, pollution abatement, sewage units can advance the level of pollution control to ensure that new projects emission quotas can be achieved with the best total investment for pollution the largest cut is to promote sustainable economic development that must be taken to one of the main measures, the significance and impact is enormous, far-reaching. At the same time, the study of China's energy-saving emission reduction will, of emission rights and provide useful experience and learn from.
Shenyang is a large industrial city, in recent years, rapid economic development in the environmental protection work at the same time has made great achievements, significant improvement in the quality of the environment, but in order to achieve national energy-saving emission reduction targets handed down with great difficulty, the implementation of emissions trading is completed in Shenyang pollution abatement task to be taken by one of the key initiatives, but also for new, expansion, renovation project to provide an effective measure for emission, one is at the same time the economic development of Shenyang environmental capacity to provide necessary measures to ensure 1.
The implementation of emissions trading is in Shenyang by the implementation of pollution abatement measures must be taken to one of the main, the implementation of emissions trading in Shenyang is imperative and necessary.
Shenyang City for the total control and environmental capacity of the earlier studies, a master volume control and the total amount of the planning objectives of the technology and methods of distribution, with more detailed information and data have accumulated some experience and cultivate a granted a high level of talent.
At present, Shenyang City in environmental management, environmental supervision, environmental monitoring and so the ability to achieve the highest level in history, for the emissions trading provides a reliable guarantee that the implementation of emissions trading in Shenyang is feasible.
Shenyang, the implementation of the secondary emissions trading management, the city Environmental Protection Bureau in charge of the city's emissions trading within the scope of the coordination and management, the districts and counties (cities), the development zone areas under their jurisdiction, the Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for the supervision and management of emissions trading.
The development of environmental protection regulations in Shenyang, Shenyang City, the total pollutant discharge control management approach, in Shenyang, such as emissions trading management rules and regulations for emissions trading in Shenyang City to provide legal safeguards to ensure that emissions trading standardized, orderly and scientific carried out.
Emissions trading is an involved at all levels, and policy and technical systems engineering are very strong, so the need for a large number of systematic and comprehensive research.
China's emissions trading is still in the exploration and early stage; limited the use of emissions trading; the technical aspects of emissions trading also does not have a unified, scientific and effective solutions; part of their own cities and regions, the emissions trading the development of the scale and extent of environmental protection lags far behind. Reduction of emissions trading in the energy-saving process of great significance and role, therefore, emissions trading and implementation of research in our country should be well under way.
Comprehensive understanding and knowledge of the status of domestic and international emissions trading, analyze problems, identify constraints, combined with the city of Shenyang, the actual situation in Shenyang City to determine indicators of emissions trading, the transaction price, transaction procedures, such as transaction management, in order to Shenyang City in the implementation of emissions trading to provide a scientific basis, methods, procedures, and ensure the normal operation of Shenyang City in emissions trading.
The implementation of emissions trading can be achieved through the market to balance the city's pollution, energy-saving emission reduction can be an increase in sewage pollution level units can provide new access to emission quotas can be achieved with minimal investment in exchange for the largest the total reduction in pollution.
沈阳市实施排污权交易是完成污染减排任务所采取的主要措施之一,也是为新建、扩建以及改建项目提供排污指标的有效措施之一,同时是为沈阳市经济发展提供环境容量所必不可少的保证措施之一。
根据国内外排污权交易现状,依据国家“十一五”期间总量控制因子和减排目标,结合沈阳市的实际情况,确定本研究的主要内容为,确定排污权交易的原则;排污权交易程序;排污权交易方法;排污权交易指标;排污指标的交易条件;排污交易指标的审核确认;排污交易指标的收费;排污权交易的监督管理;排污权交易的责任。
Environment is a resource, environmental capacity is a limit to protect environmental resources, but this resource has been a long time free of occupation. As a result of industrial development and the improvement of socio-economic level, more and more serious environmental pollution problems, the world emissions of pollutants have different forms and degrees of regulation. The implementation of total quantity control is the scientific use of environmental capacity and protection of environmental quality of the primary means of emissions trading is to achieve total control objectives, and promote healthy development of the economy, one of the main measures is the compensation for the use of environmental resources, policies and measures. Through these, the human realization of the neglect of the environment from emissions restrictions policy, then the legal regulation of the development process.
Means of emissions trading through the market allocation of resources to protect the environment, one of the important economic policies as well as total control of the implementation of an effective emission reduction and energy-saving measures. Its appearance has changed the traditional environmental management systems, and lagging behind the negative side, to the cause of environmental protection has brought new vitality.
"Emissions trading" system was first proposed by U.S. economist Dales 70s in the 20th century suggested that the first use of the United States Environmental Protection Agency for use in air pollution and river pollution control and management. Then, Germany, Australia, the United Kingdom have carried out the practice of emission trading policy.
Emissions trading as a new economic instruments for environmental management in the United States has made remarkable economic and social benefits. European countries is the implementation of emissions trading and the effect of earlier significant countries, emissions trading in the EU countries has been booming. So far, a great volume of their transactions, economic growth and environmental protection has become a major bright spot.
China's emissions trading started in the eighties, but mainly in the part of local regions and cities, and the exploration of individual indicators, the pilot for the establishment of China's emissions trading system and market operation to provide the practical experience and demonstration effect. So far, domestic emissions trading has been in a pilot stage, there is no unified national regulatory requirements.
Overall analysis, China's emissions trading is still in the exploration and the initial stage, the scope of emissions trading is limited, at the same time on the technical aspects of emissions trading also does not have a unified, scientific, and effective means and methods, various cities and regions of the basic co-ordination , the scale and extent of emissions trading is still far behind the situation of environmental protection. Therefore, the implementation of emissions trading of emission reduction in China's energy-saving process of great significance and role, and the research and implementation will be carried out in our depth.
At present, very difficult task of pollution abatement, government action alone is not enough, especially in the rapid development of the socio-economic background, the material consumption of energy and resources is bound to increase the total amount of new construction projects should continue to emerge, Therefore only the technical means to control the growth or reduction of pollutants in the total amount of pollutants is very difficult to address the poor will have an impact on the normal development of the socio-economic.
The implementation of emissions trading is the Regional and sewage units paid the sale of emission trading system indicators. The implementation of emissions trading, the market mechanism can achieve geographical balance of pollutants, pollution abatement, sewage units can advance the level of pollution control to ensure that new projects emission quotas can be achieved with the best total investment for pollution the largest cut is to promote sustainable economic development that must be taken to one of the main measures, the significance and impact is enormous, far-reaching. At the same time, the study of China's energy-saving emission reduction will, of emission rights and provide useful experience and learn from.
Shenyang is a large industrial city, in recent years, rapid economic development in the environmental protection work at the same time has made great achievements, significant improvement in the quality of the environment, but in order to achieve national energy-saving emission reduction targets handed down with great difficulty, the implementation of emissions trading is completed in Shenyang pollution abatement task to be taken by one of the key initiatives, but also for new, expansion, renovation project to provide an effective measure for emission, one is at the same time the economic development of Shenyang environmental capacity to provide necessary measures to ensure 1.
The implementation of emissions trading is in Shenyang by the implementation of pollution abatement measures must be taken to one of the main, the implementation of emissions trading in Shenyang is imperative and necessary.
Shenyang City for the total control and environmental capacity of the earlier studies, a master volume control and the total amount of the planning objectives of the technology and methods of distribution, with more detailed information and data have accumulated some experience and cultivate a granted a high level of talent.
At present, Shenyang City in environmental management, environmental supervision, environmental monitoring and so the ability to achieve the highest level in history, for the emissions trading provides a reliable guarantee that the implementation of emissions trading in Shenyang is feasible.
Shenyang, the implementation of the secondary emissions trading management, the city Environmental Protection Bureau in charge of the city's emissions trading within the scope of the coordination and management, the districts and counties (cities), the development zone areas under their jurisdiction, the Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for the supervision and management of emissions trading.
The development of environmental protection regulations in Shenyang, Shenyang City, the total pollutant discharge control management approach, in Shenyang, such as emissions trading management rules and regulations for emissions trading in Shenyang City to provide legal safeguards to ensure that emissions trading standardized, orderly and scientific carried out.
Emissions trading is an involved at all levels, and policy and technical systems engineering are very strong, so the need for a large number of systematic and comprehensive research.
China's emissions trading is still in the exploration and early stage; limited the use of emissions trading; the technical aspects of emissions trading also does not have a unified, scientific and effective solutions; part of their own cities and regions, the emissions trading the development of the scale and extent of environmental protection lags far behind. Reduction of emissions trading in the energy-saving process of great significance and role, therefore, emissions trading and implementation of research in our country should be well under way.
Comprehensive understanding and knowledge of the status of domestic and international emissions trading, analyze problems, identify constraints, combined with the city of Shenyang, the actual situation in Shenyang City to determine indicators of emissions trading, the transaction price, transaction procedures, such as transaction management, in order to Shenyang City in the implementation of emissions trading to provide a scientific basis, methods, procedures, and ensure the normal operation of Shenyang City in emissions trading.
The implementation of emissions trading can be achieved through the market to balance the city's pollution, energy-saving emission reduction can be an increase in sewage pollution level units can provide new access to emission quotas can be achieved with minimal investment in exchange for the largest the total reduction in pollution.
引文
[1]捷音.让排污权交易成为市场交易[N].中国环境报,2006-07-28
[2]马红艳.排污权交易机制促进皮革企业清洁化生产[EB/OL]. 2009-3-6
[2] www.china-ef.com
[3]龚丽肖.对我国排污权交易制度的探讨[J].经济论坛,2008,13
[4]排污权交易制度的优越性分析[EB/OL].2005-03-18,幸福校园论文网
[5]关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书.1987
[6]刘世昕.电力行业将尝试排污权交易[EB/OL].2001.06.04
[6] http://www.people.com.cn
[7]王小龙.排污权交易研究[M].法律出版社
[8]江跃龙.浅谈实行排污权交易制度[EB/OL].2008.10.06
[8] http://www.rednet.cn
[9]蔡守秋.论排污权交易的法律问题[EB/OL].2007.02.13中国环境法网
[10]夏增禄.土壤环境容量在总量控制上的应用[J].环境科学,1985,1
[11]排污权国际交易研究.[EB/OL].找论文网
[12]李青云.浅论环境容量资源的运用管理[J].环境导报
[13]鞠建林.浅谈环境容量资源之配置
[14]国务院关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定.国发(2005)39号
[15]习得.污染治理与排污权交易(学术随笔)[N].人民日报,2006-11-10(15)
[16]“十一五”期间全国主要污染物排放总量控制计划
[17]国民经济和社会发展“九五”计划和2010年远景目标纲要
[18]郭印诚,滕树龙.北京市大气污染总量控制和降低机制研究—绿色奥运的空气质量
[19]李国青.排污权交易在环境保护中的应用问题探讨[J].工程建设与档案,2005,01
[20]市政府对《〈关于我市污染减排工作情况的报告〉的审议意见》研究处理情况的报告.2008-9-17
[21]李红艺,刘伟京.排污总量控制指标分配方法的探讨[J].中国环境管理,2003,S1
[22]何优选.总量控制下排污指标分配的原则[J].嘉应学院学报.2001,19(3)
[23]刘向华.实施排污权交易的障碍和对策[J].决策探索,2007,03
[24]蔡守秋.论排污权交易的法律问题来源[EB/OL].2007.02.13中国环境法网
[25]宋丽平.论排污权交易制度的法律建构[G]//2002年中国法学会环境资源法学研究会年会论文集,2002
[26]蒋秋静.太原市二氧化硫排污权交易配额分配和计量方法研究[D].北京:清华大学环境工程(专业),2004
[27]陈宁.排污权交易制度解读及其应用[J].商业时代,2008,31
[2]马红艳.排污权交易机制促进皮革企业清洁化生产[EB/OL]. 2009-3-6
[2] www.china-ef.com
[3]龚丽肖.对我国排污权交易制度的探讨[J].经济论坛,2008,13
[4]排污权交易制度的优越性分析[EB/OL].2005-03-18,幸福校园论文网
[5]关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书.1987
[6]刘世昕.电力行业将尝试排污权交易[EB/OL].2001.06.04
[6] http://www.people.com.cn
[7]王小龙.排污权交易研究[M].法律出版社
[8]江跃龙.浅谈实行排污权交易制度[EB/OL].2008.10.06
[8] http://www.rednet.cn
[9]蔡守秋.论排污权交易的法律问题[EB/OL].2007.02.13中国环境法网
[10]夏增禄.土壤环境容量在总量控制上的应用[J].环境科学,1985,1
[11]排污权国际交易研究.[EB/OL].找论文网
[12]李青云.浅论环境容量资源的运用管理[J].环境导报
[13]鞠建林.浅谈环境容量资源之配置
[14]国务院关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定.国发(2005)39号
[15]习得.污染治理与排污权交易(学术随笔)[N].人民日报,2006-11-10(15)
[16]“十一五”期间全国主要污染物排放总量控制计划
[17]国民经济和社会发展“九五”计划和2010年远景目标纲要
[18]郭印诚,滕树龙.北京市大气污染总量控制和降低机制研究—绿色奥运的空气质量
[19]李国青.排污权交易在环境保护中的应用问题探讨[J].工程建设与档案,2005,01
[20]市政府对《〈关于我市污染减排工作情况的报告〉的审议意见》研究处理情况的报告.2008-9-17
[21]李红艺,刘伟京.排污总量控制指标分配方法的探讨[J].中国环境管理,2003,S1
[22]何优选.总量控制下排污指标分配的原则[J].嘉应学院学报.2001,19(3)
[23]刘向华.实施排污权交易的障碍和对策[J].决策探索,2007,03
[24]蔡守秋.论排污权交易的法律问题来源[EB/OL].2007.02.13中国环境法网
[25]宋丽平.论排污权交易制度的法律建构[G]//2002年中国法学会环境资源法学研究会年会论文集,2002
[26]蒋秋静.太原市二氧化硫排污权交易配额分配和计量方法研究[D].北京:清华大学环境工程(专业),2004
[27]陈宁.排污权交易制度解读及其应用[J].商业时代,2008,31