外文期刊采购经费有效配置及其供应商评价体系建立
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摘要
随着招投标体系在图书馆采购工作中引入,目前,越来越多的高校开始注重招标过程中对供应商的评价。作为文献类型之一的期刊,尤其是外文期刊,一向以展现各学科前沿的发展动态和最新的科研成果、内容新颖、信息量大而受到师生的重视,对各高校的教学和科研起着重要的支持作用。
在外文期刊的采购过程中,经费的确定和供应商的选择对外刊采购的数量和质量起着至关重要的作用。然而,对于外文期刊总体的采购经费,各高校仅仅根据历史数据,沿袭经验,定性地确定每年在图书、期刊和电子资源的资金分配比例,进而确定外文期刊的资金总额。同时,在选择外文期刊供应商的过程中,各高校还未能形成一个较好的评价体系,仅仅是通过人为主观的评价粗略地做出选择。因此,在这种情况下,如何根据读者的需求定量地确定采购资金在各类文献的分配比例,以及如何建立一个科学、合理、有效的供应商评价指标体系,则成为一个值得研究的课题。
本文在查阅了大量国内外文献的基础上,并深入哈尔滨工业大学图书馆做实地调研,在此基础上建立了资金分配模型,根据实际求解出外刊经费的最优配置;同时采用访谈的方式来确定供应商评价的各类指标,构建了一个有理论体系指导和支撑的、适合我国高校图书馆的一套外刊供应商的评价指标体系。
首先,本文运用合作博弈的相关理论建立了资金分配模型,并运用Shapley值法对该模型求解。通过对哈尔滨工业大学图书馆1000名读者进行调研,获取数据,求解出模型的最优解,进而求得外文期刊所应分配的采购资金。
其次,本文通过专家咨询,从各类供应商评价指标中筛选出重要指标,运用德尔菲法建立了初步的外刊供应商评价指标体系。然后利用哈尔滨工业大学图书馆的外刊供应商的数据,对建立的指标体系运用层次分析法建立了初步的指标体系的权重集,并运用熵权法对该权重集进行调整,最终得到较为准确、完整、客观的外刊供应商评价指标体系。
最后,本文通过与其他高校及研究机构的成果做比较分析,发现本文提出的资金分配模型具有注重读者需求、定性与定量方法结合、计算简便等优势;外刊供应商评价指标体系的内容和权重具有很强的适用性,能够在各高校图书馆推广使用。
At present, with the introduction of bidding system for procurement in the university libraries, an increasing number of colleges and universities began to pay attention to the tendering process for the evaluation of suppliers. As one type of literatures, periodicals, especially foreign-language periodicals, have got the attention of teachers and students because of its new and informative contents which show the latest developments and the newest scientific research achievements. And the foreign-language periodicals play an important supportive role in teaching and researches for most universities.
In the procurement process of foreign-language periodicals, the determination of funding and suppliers plays a vital role in the quantity and quality of procurement. However, in the process of selecting suppliers for foreign-language periodicals, most colleges and universities have not formulated a better evaluation system, only through the subjective and man-made evaluation to make a choice. At the same time, for the overall funds of foreign-language periodicals for procurement, they only follow the experience based on historical data to determine the proportion of the funds among books, periodicals and electronic resources every year, and then determine the total amount of funds for foreign-language periodicals. Therefore, in this case, how to determine the proportion of the funds among books, periodicals and electronic resources quantitatively according to the readers ' demands, as well as how to establish a scientific, reasonable and effective supplier evaluation index system, then become a topic worthy of study.
In this thesis, a large number of domestic and international literatures were studied. The author did field research to understand the process of procurement in the Harbin Institute of Technology Library, and had a discussion with the procurement experts to share their practical experience. On this basis, this thesis summed up the various types of supplier evaluation indicators, and studied the comprehensive evaluation methods and related issues. This thesis attempts to establish a theoretical supplier evaluation index system to guide the procurement for foreign-language periodicals in university libraries in China.
First of all, this thesis has established the optimal funds allocation model based on the cooperative game theory and used Shapley value method to solve the problem. By investigating 1000 readers of Harbin Institute of Technology Library, this thesis provided the data for solving the optimal funds allocation model, and then seek the procurement funds for foreign- language periodicals.
Secondly, this thesis used the Delphi method to establish a preliminary supplier evaluation index system for foreign-language periodicals. Through statistical analysis by experts and selecting the key indicators, the thesis established supplier evaluation index system of foreign-language periodicals. Then the supplier data of foreign-language periodicals in Harbin Institute of Technology Library were used to establish the initial weight set of the supplier evaluation index system with AHP. And then this thesis set the weight adjustment to the initial weight set with entropy weight method, and ultimately a more accurate, complete and objective supplier evaluation index system for foreign- language periodicals was established.
Finally, this thesis made a comparative analysis with the achievements of other colleges and universities, and found that the optimal funds allocation model had advantages of paying attention to the readers’demand, combination of qualitative methods, simple calculation and so on. The contents and weights of the supplier evaluation index system for foreign-language periodicals have a strong applicability, and can be promoted in University Libraries. .
在外文期刊的采购过程中,经费的确定和供应商的选择对外刊采购的数量和质量起着至关重要的作用。然而,对于外文期刊总体的采购经费,各高校仅仅根据历史数据,沿袭经验,定性地确定每年在图书、期刊和电子资源的资金分配比例,进而确定外文期刊的资金总额。同时,在选择外文期刊供应商的过程中,各高校还未能形成一个较好的评价体系,仅仅是通过人为主观的评价粗略地做出选择。因此,在这种情况下,如何根据读者的需求定量地确定采购资金在各类文献的分配比例,以及如何建立一个科学、合理、有效的供应商评价指标体系,则成为一个值得研究的课题。
本文在查阅了大量国内外文献的基础上,并深入哈尔滨工业大学图书馆做实地调研,在此基础上建立了资金分配模型,根据实际求解出外刊经费的最优配置;同时采用访谈的方式来确定供应商评价的各类指标,构建了一个有理论体系指导和支撑的、适合我国高校图书馆的一套外刊供应商的评价指标体系。
首先,本文运用合作博弈的相关理论建立了资金分配模型,并运用Shapley值法对该模型求解。通过对哈尔滨工业大学图书馆1000名读者进行调研,获取数据,求解出模型的最优解,进而求得外文期刊所应分配的采购资金。
其次,本文通过专家咨询,从各类供应商评价指标中筛选出重要指标,运用德尔菲法建立了初步的外刊供应商评价指标体系。然后利用哈尔滨工业大学图书馆的外刊供应商的数据,对建立的指标体系运用层次分析法建立了初步的指标体系的权重集,并运用熵权法对该权重集进行调整,最终得到较为准确、完整、客观的外刊供应商评价指标体系。
最后,本文通过与其他高校及研究机构的成果做比较分析,发现本文提出的资金分配模型具有注重读者需求、定性与定量方法结合、计算简便等优势;外刊供应商评价指标体系的内容和权重具有很强的适用性,能够在各高校图书馆推广使用。
At present, with the introduction of bidding system for procurement in the university libraries, an increasing number of colleges and universities began to pay attention to the tendering process for the evaluation of suppliers. As one type of literatures, periodicals, especially foreign-language periodicals, have got the attention of teachers and students because of its new and informative contents which show the latest developments and the newest scientific research achievements. And the foreign-language periodicals play an important supportive role in teaching and researches for most universities.
In the procurement process of foreign-language periodicals, the determination of funding and suppliers plays a vital role in the quantity and quality of procurement. However, in the process of selecting suppliers for foreign-language periodicals, most colleges and universities have not formulated a better evaluation system, only through the subjective and man-made evaluation to make a choice. At the same time, for the overall funds of foreign-language periodicals for procurement, they only follow the experience based on historical data to determine the proportion of the funds among books, periodicals and electronic resources every year, and then determine the total amount of funds for foreign-language periodicals. Therefore, in this case, how to determine the proportion of the funds among books, periodicals and electronic resources quantitatively according to the readers ' demands, as well as how to establish a scientific, reasonable and effective supplier evaluation index system, then become a topic worthy of study.
In this thesis, a large number of domestic and international literatures were studied. The author did field research to understand the process of procurement in the Harbin Institute of Technology Library, and had a discussion with the procurement experts to share their practical experience. On this basis, this thesis summed up the various types of supplier evaluation indicators, and studied the comprehensive evaluation methods and related issues. This thesis attempts to establish a theoretical supplier evaluation index system to guide the procurement for foreign-language periodicals in university libraries in China.
First of all, this thesis has established the optimal funds allocation model based on the cooperative game theory and used Shapley value method to solve the problem. By investigating 1000 readers of Harbin Institute of Technology Library, this thesis provided the data for solving the optimal funds allocation model, and then seek the procurement funds for foreign- language periodicals.
Secondly, this thesis used the Delphi method to establish a preliminary supplier evaluation index system for foreign-language periodicals. Through statistical analysis by experts and selecting the key indicators, the thesis established supplier evaluation index system of foreign-language periodicals. Then the supplier data of foreign-language periodicals in Harbin Institute of Technology Library were used to establish the initial weight set of the supplier evaluation index system with AHP. And then this thesis set the weight adjustment to the initial weight set with entropy weight method, and ultimately a more accurate, complete and objective supplier evaluation index system for foreign- language periodicals was established.
Finally, this thesis made a comparative analysis with the achievements of other colleges and universities, and found that the optimal funds allocation model had advantages of paying attention to the readers’demand, combination of qualitative methods, simple calculation and so on. The contents and weights of the supplier evaluation index system for foreign-language periodicals have a strong applicability, and can be promoted in University Libraries. .
引文
1黄建铭.高校图书馆图书采购招投标的现状及对策.图书馆杂志. 2007(12): 46-47
2李海萍.高校图书馆图书招标采购方式浅议.图书馆论坛. 2003(8): 156-157, 166
3杨桂金.浅谈图书馆文献的招标采购.河北科技图苑. 2003(5): 54-55
4谢小梅.试析高校图书馆图书采购招投标中供应商的选择.图书馆论坛. 2006(3): 143-145
5莫霄.高校图书馆图书采购资金分配模型的探讨.图书馆论坛. 2004(6): 51-54
6纪高飞.高校图书馆文献经费预算与分配方法初探.高校图书馆工作. 2007(5): 26-28
7肖冬梅.综合性大学图书馆馆藏经费分配之我见.大学图书情报学刊. 2003(12): 45-46
8纪高飞,李晓娟,李林.高校图书馆文献经费预算与分配方法述评.图书·情报·知识. 2007(5): 37-40
9沈思,姜渭洪.图书购置经费分配的模糊综合评判模型.情报杂志. 2002(9): 67-68
10白君礼.高校图书馆文献采访经费分配的博弈研究.情报杂志. 2007(2): 114-116, 120
11李明珍,马克芬.图书馆中文报刊采购招标评价指标体系研究——评价指标体系的建立.情报杂志. 2007(9): 159-161
12 G. W. Dickson. An analysis of vendor selection systems and decisions. Journal of purchasing. 1966
13 D.A. Hatherall. Purchasing in the pharmaceutical industry. Unpublished M. Phil.Thesis. 1999
14 A. Weber Charles, R. Current John, W.C. Benton. Vendor selection criteria and methods. European Journal of Operational Research. 1991(50): 2-18
15堪述勇,陈荣秋.论JIT环境下制造商和供应商之间的关系.管理工程学报, 1998(3): 4-10
16朱道立,林虹,曾宪文.供应商选择决策——集成化管理软件ERP系统供应商选择.物流技术. 2000 (2):
17马士华,林勇,陈志祥.供应链管理.北京机械工业出版社. 2000: 10-50
18李明珍,曲长生,刘凡儒.图书馆中文报刊采购招标评价指标体系研究——评价指标体系的权重设置.情报杂志. 2007(11): 148-151
19于淑云.用灰色关联度分析法对我馆的藏书结构进行评价.铁路高校图书情报工作研究. 2000(1): 120
20曹作华.图书馆文献询价采购方案综合评价的递阶优选—层次分析组合法.图书情报工作. 2003(6): 46-49
21 D. Fudenberg, J. Tirole. Game Theory. MIT Press. 1991
22 B. Myerson Roger. Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict. Harvard University Press. 1991
23张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学.上海人民出版社. 2002 (2)
24谢识予.经济博弈论.复旦大学出版社. 2002
25 R. J. Aumann, J. H. Dreze. Cooperative games with coalition structures. International Journal of Game Theory. 1974 (12):17-237
26罗杰B.迈尔森.博弈论——矛盾冲突分析.中国经济出版社. 2001: 333-353
27 C.R. Hsiao, Y.S. Liao. The potential and consistency property for multi-choice Shapley value. Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics. 2008(2): 545-559
28 L.S. Shapley, M.Shubik. Solutions of n-person Games with Ordinal Utilities. 1953(21): 348-349
29张照贵.经济博弈与应用.西南财经大学出版社. 2006: 217-221
30 http://dev.hit.edu.cn/News/Show.asp?id=297
31阎雅娜.高校图书馆采购印刷型外刊评价指标体系的研究.大连理工大学硕士论文. 2005(11): 10-11
32 N. Dalkey, O. Helmer. The Use of Experts for the Estimation of Bombing Requirements– A project Delphi Experiment. Rand Report RM-7272-PR. 1951(11)
33 H. Linstone, M. Turoff. The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. Addison Wesley Advanced Book Program. 1975
34 G. Rowe, G. Wright. The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: Issues and analysis. International Journal of Forecasting. 1999, 15(4), 353 - 375
35 J. Skulmoski Gregory, T. Hartman Francis, Jennifer Krahn. The Delphi Method for Graduate Research. Journal of Information Technology Education. 2007(6)
36陈传义,罗娅.网络综合数字参考咨询交流工具及评价.图书情报工作. 2006 (2): 56-58
37唐纳德,马灿德.信息管理:信息管理领域最全面的MBA指南.吕传俊等.中国社会科学出版社. 2002
38吴清烈,蒋尚华.预测与决策分析.南京:东南大学出版社. 2004:15-22
39 A.J. Klee. The role of decision models in the evaluation of competing environmental health alternatives. Management Science. 1971 (18): 52–67
40 J. Pill. The Delphi method: substance, context, a critique and an annotated bibliography. Socio-Economy. Planning. Science. 1971 (5): 57–71
41 T .L.Saaty. The Analytical Hierarchy Process. McGraw-Hill Inc, New York, 1980
42 S. Wold. Principal component analysis. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 1987(2): 11, 37-52.
43 Y. Chen Wu. The maximizing deviation method for group multiple attribute decision making under linguistic environment, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 2007 (158): 1608–1617
44 Dirk P. Kroese, Sergey Porotsky, Reuven Y. Rubinstein. The Cross-Entropy Method for Continuous Multi-Extremal Optimization. Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability. 2006(11): 383-407
45 Paul Metz, John Cosgriff. Building a Comprehensive Serials Decision Database at Virginia Tech. College & Research Libraries, 2000(7)
46 F. Tunc, Bozbura Ahmet Beskese, Cengiz Kahraman. Prioritization of human capital measurement indicators using fuzzy AHP. Expert Systems with Applications. 2007 (32): 1100–1112
47苏为华.多指标综合评价理论与方法研究.中国物价出版社. 2001
48王莲芬,许树柏.层次分析法引论.中国人民出版社. 1990
49刘豹,许树柏,赵焕臣,和金生.层次分析法——规划决策的工具.系统工程. 1984(6): 23-30
50李丽英,杨鹏.熵权系数法在煤炭企业综合效益评价中的应用.北京科技大学学报. 2005(3): 347-350
51邵晓峰,季建华,黄培清.改进TOPSIS方法在供应商选择中的应用.数量经济技术经济研究,2001,18(8): 80-83.
52谷丽丽,曹翠芬,崔利华.浅析供应商选择中熵权法的不足与改进.物流技术. 2009(1): 95-97
53邱菀华.管理决策和应用熵学.机械工业出版社. 2002: 157-160
54许树柏.层次分析法.天津大学出版社.1988: 67-69
55白思俊.系统工程.电子工业出版社. 2006: 123-135
2李海萍.高校图书馆图书招标采购方式浅议.图书馆论坛. 2003(8): 156-157, 166
3杨桂金.浅谈图书馆文献的招标采购.河北科技图苑. 2003(5): 54-55
4谢小梅.试析高校图书馆图书采购招投标中供应商的选择.图书馆论坛. 2006(3): 143-145
5莫霄.高校图书馆图书采购资金分配模型的探讨.图书馆论坛. 2004(6): 51-54
6纪高飞.高校图书馆文献经费预算与分配方法初探.高校图书馆工作. 2007(5): 26-28
7肖冬梅.综合性大学图书馆馆藏经费分配之我见.大学图书情报学刊. 2003(12): 45-46
8纪高飞,李晓娟,李林.高校图书馆文献经费预算与分配方法述评.图书·情报·知识. 2007(5): 37-40
9沈思,姜渭洪.图书购置经费分配的模糊综合评判模型.情报杂志. 2002(9): 67-68
10白君礼.高校图书馆文献采访经费分配的博弈研究.情报杂志. 2007(2): 114-116, 120
11李明珍,马克芬.图书馆中文报刊采购招标评价指标体系研究——评价指标体系的建立.情报杂志. 2007(9): 159-161
12 G. W. Dickson. An analysis of vendor selection systems and decisions. Journal of purchasing. 1966
13 D.A. Hatherall. Purchasing in the pharmaceutical industry. Unpublished M. Phil.Thesis. 1999
14 A. Weber Charles, R. Current John, W.C. Benton. Vendor selection criteria and methods. European Journal of Operational Research. 1991(50): 2-18
15堪述勇,陈荣秋.论JIT环境下制造商和供应商之间的关系.管理工程学报, 1998(3): 4-10
16朱道立,林虹,曾宪文.供应商选择决策——集成化管理软件ERP系统供应商选择.物流技术. 2000 (2):
17马士华,林勇,陈志祥.供应链管理.北京机械工业出版社. 2000: 10-50
18李明珍,曲长生,刘凡儒.图书馆中文报刊采购招标评价指标体系研究——评价指标体系的权重设置.情报杂志. 2007(11): 148-151
19于淑云.用灰色关联度分析法对我馆的藏书结构进行评价.铁路高校图书情报工作研究. 2000(1): 120
20曹作华.图书馆文献询价采购方案综合评价的递阶优选—层次分析组合法.图书情报工作. 2003(6): 46-49
21 D. Fudenberg, J. Tirole. Game Theory. MIT Press. 1991
22 B. Myerson Roger. Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict. Harvard University Press. 1991
23张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学.上海人民出版社. 2002 (2)
24谢识予.经济博弈论.复旦大学出版社. 2002
25 R. J. Aumann, J. H. Dreze. Cooperative games with coalition structures. International Journal of Game Theory. 1974 (12):17-237
26罗杰B.迈尔森.博弈论——矛盾冲突分析.中国经济出版社. 2001: 333-353
27 C.R. Hsiao, Y.S. Liao. The potential and consistency property for multi-choice Shapley value. Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics. 2008(2): 545-559
28 L.S. Shapley, M.Shubik. Solutions of n-person Games with Ordinal Utilities. 1953(21): 348-349
29张照贵.经济博弈与应用.西南财经大学出版社. 2006: 217-221
30 http://dev.hit.edu.cn/News/Show.asp?id=297
31阎雅娜.高校图书馆采购印刷型外刊评价指标体系的研究.大连理工大学硕士论文. 2005(11): 10-11
32 N. Dalkey, O. Helmer. The Use of Experts for the Estimation of Bombing Requirements– A project Delphi Experiment. Rand Report RM-7272-PR. 1951(11)
33 H. Linstone, M. Turoff. The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. Addison Wesley Advanced Book Program. 1975
34 G. Rowe, G. Wright. The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: Issues and analysis. International Journal of Forecasting. 1999, 15(4), 353 - 375
35 J. Skulmoski Gregory, T. Hartman Francis, Jennifer Krahn. The Delphi Method for Graduate Research. Journal of Information Technology Education. 2007(6)
36陈传义,罗娅.网络综合数字参考咨询交流工具及评价.图书情报工作. 2006 (2): 56-58
37唐纳德,马灿德.信息管理:信息管理领域最全面的MBA指南.吕传俊等.中国社会科学出版社. 2002
38吴清烈,蒋尚华.预测与决策分析.南京:东南大学出版社. 2004:15-22
39 A.J. Klee. The role of decision models in the evaluation of competing environmental health alternatives. Management Science. 1971 (18): 52–67
40 J. Pill. The Delphi method: substance, context, a critique and an annotated bibliography. Socio-Economy. Planning. Science. 1971 (5): 57–71
41 T .L.Saaty. The Analytical Hierarchy Process. McGraw-Hill Inc, New York, 1980
42 S. Wold. Principal component analysis. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 1987(2): 11, 37-52.
43 Y. Chen Wu. The maximizing deviation method for group multiple attribute decision making under linguistic environment, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 2007 (158): 1608–1617
44 Dirk P. Kroese, Sergey Porotsky, Reuven Y. Rubinstein. The Cross-Entropy Method for Continuous Multi-Extremal Optimization. Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability. 2006(11): 383-407
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