技术创新对武钢差异化战略的支撑作用研究
摘要
本文以武汉钢铁(集团)公司为例,以钢铁行业为对象,研究了技术创新对企业差异化战略的支撑作用。
差异化战略作为三大竞争战略之一,一直被广泛研究和应用。同时,技术创新在企业和社会发展中也发挥着重要的作用。技术创新由于能够提高产品质量、增加产品品种、扩展产品规格,对产品差异化产生重要影响。本文采用了理论研究与案例研究相结合的方法,试图说明由于产品差异化是钢铁企业差异化战略的核心,所以技术创新能够对钢铁企业的差异化战略产生支撑作用,并且研究技术创新如何支撑企业的差异化战略。
本文首先概述了企业差异化战略的概念、作用、实施条件和实施途径,并总结了适合钢铁企业的差异化途径,提出钢铁企业差异化的重点是产品的差异化,而技术创新是实现产品差异化的重要途径。接下来,介绍技术创新的概念、技术创新过程模型、技术创新过程管理,指出技术创新过程管理包括对技术创新要素的管理以及对创新过程阶段的管理,其中,技术创新要素为技术创新提供保障,技术创新则在其过程的各阶段中分别影响产品品种、产品规格以及产品质量各要素,因此,影响产品的差异化。然后,介绍武钢制定差异化战略的行业背景,并对武钢实施差异化战略的内部资源、条件作了分析;分析了武钢技术创新各要素和武钢技术创新过程各阶段的特点,说明技术创新对武钢差异化战略的支撑作用。最后,总结了论文的内容,并提出武钢技术创新仍需改进的问题。
In this thesis, Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Corporation is taken as an example, and the iron and steel industry is taken as object, in order to study the supporting role of technological innovation on differentiation strategy.
As one of the three major competitive strategies, differentiation strategy has been extensively studied and applied. Meanwhile, technological innovation has also played an important role in enterprises and social development. Because technological innovation can improve product quality and increase product variety and aggrandize product specification, it has a great impact on product differentiation. A combination of theoretical research and case study is used to show that technological innovation of enterprises can support differentiation strategy in iron and steel enterprises because product differentiation if the core of enterprise's differentiation strategy; and then study how technological innovation supports differentiation strategy.
The papers outlines the concept and influence and condition and implement ways of differentiation strategy, and then summed up the differentiation means for iron and steel corporations. It is said that iron and steel products is the key difference and technological innovation is an important way of realizing product differentiation. Next, introduce the concept of technological innovation and technological innovation process models and technological innovation process management which includes technological innovation elements management and process stage management. Technological innovation elements is the base of technological innovation, and technological innovation affects product differentiation through affecting product variety and product specification and product quality elements. Then, introduce the industry backgrounds of Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Corporation, and analyzing the company's internal resources and conditions. And then analyze the characteristic of the company's technological innovation elements and the details of the stages of technological innovation process, in order to explain the support function of technological innovation on differentiation strategy. Finally, the paper summarizes the content, and put forward some aspects that should be improved.
差异化战略作为三大竞争战略之一,一直被广泛研究和应用。同时,技术创新在企业和社会发展中也发挥着重要的作用。技术创新由于能够提高产品质量、增加产品品种、扩展产品规格,对产品差异化产生重要影响。本文采用了理论研究与案例研究相结合的方法,试图说明由于产品差异化是钢铁企业差异化战略的核心,所以技术创新能够对钢铁企业的差异化战略产生支撑作用,并且研究技术创新如何支撑企业的差异化战略。
本文首先概述了企业差异化战略的概念、作用、实施条件和实施途径,并总结了适合钢铁企业的差异化途径,提出钢铁企业差异化的重点是产品的差异化,而技术创新是实现产品差异化的重要途径。接下来,介绍技术创新的概念、技术创新过程模型、技术创新过程管理,指出技术创新过程管理包括对技术创新要素的管理以及对创新过程阶段的管理,其中,技术创新要素为技术创新提供保障,技术创新则在其过程的各阶段中分别影响产品品种、产品规格以及产品质量各要素,因此,影响产品的差异化。然后,介绍武钢制定差异化战略的行业背景,并对武钢实施差异化战略的内部资源、条件作了分析;分析了武钢技术创新各要素和武钢技术创新过程各阶段的特点,说明技术创新对武钢差异化战略的支撑作用。最后,总结了论文的内容,并提出武钢技术创新仍需改进的问题。
In this thesis, Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Corporation is taken as an example, and the iron and steel industry is taken as object, in order to study the supporting role of technological innovation on differentiation strategy.
As one of the three major competitive strategies, differentiation strategy has been extensively studied and applied. Meanwhile, technological innovation has also played an important role in enterprises and social development. Because technological innovation can improve product quality and increase product variety and aggrandize product specification, it has a great impact on product differentiation. A combination of theoretical research and case study is used to show that technological innovation of enterprises can support differentiation strategy in iron and steel enterprises because product differentiation if the core of enterprise's differentiation strategy; and then study how technological innovation supports differentiation strategy.
The papers outlines the concept and influence and condition and implement ways of differentiation strategy, and then summed up the differentiation means for iron and steel corporations. It is said that iron and steel products is the key difference and technological innovation is an important way of realizing product differentiation. Next, introduce the concept of technological innovation and technological innovation process models and technological innovation process management which includes technological innovation elements management and process stage management. Technological innovation elements is the base of technological innovation, and technological innovation affects product differentiation through affecting product variety and product specification and product quality elements. Then, introduce the industry backgrounds of Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Corporation, and analyzing the company's internal resources and conditions. And then analyze the characteristic of the company's technological innovation elements and the details of the stages of technological innovation process, in order to explain the support function of technological innovation on differentiation strategy. Finally, the paper summarizes the content, and put forward some aspects that should be improved.
引文
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[3]常桦.迈克尔·波特完全竞争战略.北京:中国纺织出版社,2003
[4]陈杰.企业竞争中产品差异化战略的制定.经济师.2004(1):190~191
[5]董景荣.企业技术创新过程管理——理论、方法及实践.重庆:重庆出版社,2000
[6]杜党勇,叶广宇,蓝海林等.高差异战略的选择与实施.企业经济,2002(1):98~100
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[15]刘希宋,杨东奇.企业产品创新(开发)战略选择的系统研究.北京:经济科学出版社,2001
[16]刘喜江.论银行的差异化营销策略.广西农村金融研究,2001(3):41~43
[17]吕涛,王震声.企业产品创新和加速产品创新的国内外研究综述.云南财贸学院学报,2000(3):60~64
[18]迈克尔·波特.竞争优势.陈小悦译.北京:华夏出版社,1997
[19]荣辉,任天飞.我国商业银行实施“差异化营销”战略的可行性分析及对策.决策借鉴,1999(5):22~25
[20]施军.基于高速艇创新研究的中小型企业复杂产品创新过程研究:浙江大学硕士学位论文.中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库,2002
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[22]吴健安.市场营销学.北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[23]吴新春.浅谈湖北钢铁产业发展与人才战略.第三届湖北科技论坛优秀论文集,2005:214~217
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[27]杨光.迈克尔·波特解析差异化战略.中外管理,2004
[28]姚渊,钢铁2005:巨鳄的盛宴?.全球财经观察网络版杂志http://www.gfo.cn/, 2005(1)
[29]冶金工业部中国钢铁工业年鉴编辑委员会.中国钢铁工业年鉴,北京:冶金工业出版社,2001~2004
[30]叶克林.企业竞争战略理论的发展与创新——综论80年代以来的三大主要理论流派.江海学刊,1998(6):28~32
[31]张明.企业竞争中的差异化战略研究:武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.武汉理工大学图书馆,2003
[32]张占东.企业竞争中的产品差异化战略研究.经济经纬,2002(3):51~53
[33]中国钢铁工业协会.中国钢铁统计.http://www.chinaisa.org.cn/,2003
[34]周健.战略联盟与企业竞争力.上海:复旦大学出版社,2002
[35]左克军.差异化:我国钢铁企业国际化的关键.冶金信息导刊,2005(3): 1~4
[36] Achilladelis, A., Study of Success and Failure in Industrial Innovation, University of Sussex Press, 1991
[37] Ansoff, H.I. & J.M. Stewart, Strategies for A Technology-Based Business, Harvard Business Review, 45, Nov.-Dec. 1967:81~93
[38] Cooper R. & E.J. Kleinschmidt, Benchmarking the Firm's Critical Success Factors in New Product Development, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, May 1995:374~391
[39] Gobel, D.H. & D.J., Brown, Analyzing Product Innovations, Research Management, 30, Jul.-Aug. 1987:25~31
[40] Frohman, A.L., Putting Technology into Strategic Planning, California Management Review, 27, Feb. 1985:54~65
[41] Johnson G. & K. Scholes, Exploring Corporate Strategy, Prentice Hall, 1993
[42] Kantrow, A.M., The Strategy-Technology Connection, Harvard Business Review, 58, July-Aug. 1980:6~21
[43] Porter, M.E., Competitive Strategy, The Free Press, 1980
[44] Rothwell, R., Industrial Innovation: Success, Strategy, Trends, The Handbook of Industrial Innovation, 1994
[45] Schumpeter, J.A., The Theory of Economic Development. Harvard University Press, 1934
[46] Solow R., Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function, Review of Economics and Statistics, 1957
[47] Thomas W.L., Strategic Management and Business Policy, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1995
[48] Thomas, J.M., An Empirical Investigation of Product Differentiation and Pricing Strategy, Southern Economic Journal, 56 ,Jul. 1989:64~79
[2]包昌火,谢新洲.技术创新与企业竞争.北京:华夏出版社,2003
[3]常桦.迈克尔·波特完全竞争战略.北京:中国纺织出版社,2003
[4]陈杰.企业竞争中产品差异化战略的制定.经济师.2004(1):190~191
[5]董景荣.企业技术创新过程管理——理论、方法及实践.重庆:重庆出版社,2000
[6]杜党勇,叶广宇,蓝海林等.高差异战略的选择与实施.企业经济,2002(1):98~100
[7]菲利普·科特勒.营销管理.梅汝和等译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003
[8]傅家骥,姜彦福.技术创新-中国企业发展之路.北京:企业管理出版社,1991
[9]傅家骥.技术创新学.北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[10]黄浏英.饭店营销新理念:差异化营销.商业经济与管理,2001(1):54~57
[11]经济合作与发展组织欧洲统计局.技术创新调查手册.北京:新华出版社,1977
[12]雷正刚.谈武钢新产品开发运行体系.中国钢铁业,2004(12):30~33
[13]李启明.技术创新统计手册.北京:中国统计出版社,1993
[14]刘本仁.低成本、高品质、差异化——武钢未来产品创新战略思考.2003中国钢铁年会论文集,2003:78~83
[15]刘希宋,杨东奇.企业产品创新(开发)战略选择的系统研究.北京:经济科学出版社,2001
[16]刘喜江.论银行的差异化营销策略.广西农村金融研究,2001(3):41~43
[17]吕涛,王震声.企业产品创新和加速产品创新的国内外研究综述.云南财贸学院学报,2000(3):60~64
[18]迈克尔·波特.竞争优势.陈小悦译.北京:华夏出版社,1997
[19]荣辉,任天飞.我国商业银行实施“差异化营销”战略的可行性分析及对策.决策借鉴,1999(5):22~25
[20]施军.基于高速艇创新研究的中小型企业复杂产品创新过程研究:浙江大学硕士学位论文.中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库,2002
[21]孙一民.现代企业技术创新.太原:山西经济出版社,1998
[22]吴健安.市场营销学.北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[23]吴新春.浅谈湖北钢铁产业发展与人才战略.第三届湖北科技论坛优秀论文集,2005:214~217
[24]武钢集团网站.武钢介绍.http://www.wisco.com.cn/,2007(4)
[25]武钢技术中心网站.技术中心概况. http://61.183.132.180/index.aspx/,2007(4)
[26]杨东奇.企业产品创新力形成要素系统优化研究:哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文.中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库,2001
[27]杨光.迈克尔·波特解析差异化战略.中外管理,2004
[28]姚渊,钢铁2005:巨鳄的盛宴?.全球财经观察网络版杂志http://www.gfo.cn/, 2005(1)
[29]冶金工业部中国钢铁工业年鉴编辑委员会.中国钢铁工业年鉴,北京:冶金工业出版社,2001~2004
[30]叶克林.企业竞争战略理论的发展与创新——综论80年代以来的三大主要理论流派.江海学刊,1998(6):28~32
[31]张明.企业竞争中的差异化战略研究:武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.武汉理工大学图书馆,2003
[32]张占东.企业竞争中的产品差异化战略研究.经济经纬,2002(3):51~53
[33]中国钢铁工业协会.中国钢铁统计.http://www.chinaisa.org.cn/,2003
[34]周健.战略联盟与企业竞争力.上海:复旦大学出版社,2002
[35]左克军.差异化:我国钢铁企业国际化的关键.冶金信息导刊,2005(3): 1~4
[36] Achilladelis, A., Study of Success and Failure in Industrial Innovation, University of Sussex Press, 1991
[37] Ansoff, H.I. & J.M. Stewart, Strategies for A Technology-Based Business, Harvard Business Review, 45, Nov.-Dec. 1967:81~93
[38] Cooper R. & E.J. Kleinschmidt, Benchmarking the Firm's Critical Success Factors in New Product Development, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12, May 1995:374~391
[39] Gobel, D.H. & D.J., Brown, Analyzing Product Innovations, Research Management, 30, Jul.-Aug. 1987:25~31
[40] Frohman, A.L., Putting Technology into Strategic Planning, California Management Review, 27, Feb. 1985:54~65
[41] Johnson G. & K. Scholes, Exploring Corporate Strategy, Prentice Hall, 1993
[42] Kantrow, A.M., The Strategy-Technology Connection, Harvard Business Review, 58, July-Aug. 1980:6~21
[43] Porter, M.E., Competitive Strategy, The Free Press, 1980
[44] Rothwell, R., Industrial Innovation: Success, Strategy, Trends, The Handbook of Industrial Innovation, 1994
[45] Schumpeter, J.A., The Theory of Economic Development. Harvard University Press, 1934
[46] Solow R., Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function, Review of Economics and Statistics, 1957
[47] Thomas W.L., Strategic Management and Business Policy, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1995
[48] Thomas, J.M., An Empirical Investigation of Product Differentiation and Pricing Strategy, Southern Economic Journal, 56 ,Jul. 1989:64~79