磁通门传感器及其模拟处理电路的研究
|
摘要
磁场测量在很多领域中都有着很重要的应用,地磁场的测量是研究地球特性的一个重要的物理量。磁通门磁力仪具有分辨率较高,测量范围宽,简易可靠,经济耐用,能够直接测量各个方向的磁场分量以及适于在高速运动环境中工作等特点,因此得到不断的发展与改善,是弱磁场测量的可靠仪器之一。
本论文的研究目的要制作出磁通门传感器并且设计出相应的模拟处理电路,最终获得一个与被测磁场强度成正比的模拟直流信号,为进一步研制一个完整的磁通门磁力仪做准备。论文首先从理论上探讨了磁通门传感器的工作原理及传感器内部各个参数对其性能的影响,设计了传感器的结构及各个参数,完成了传感器的研究和制作,然后对传感器的输出信号采用二次谐波法设计出了其检测处理模拟电路,进而得到一个与外界被测磁场强度成比例的模拟直流信号,并把其非线性误差控制在0.2%范围之内,且该传感器及该模拟处理电路能达到的分辨率为0.2nT,为完成分辨率为0.1nT的磁通门磁力仪奠定基础。
Flux-gate magnetometer is continually refined and developed with the development of electronic technology and geophysical science. With the characteristics of high resolution, wide measuring range, simple and reliable, economy and durability, able to directly measure the magnetic field components and suitable for being used in high-speed motion system , the Flux-gate magnetometer’s applications are also constantly expanding, for example: in the Earth's magnetic, mineral magnetic measurements, satellite attitude control, and many other related areas , Flux-gate magnetometer occupies an important position.
Thesis is a part of "The research on the key technology to Aeromagnetic vector (three-component) measure and prototype development" in one of National 863 Program from China Aero Geophysical Survey & Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources, and there will be a analog DC signal which is proportional to magnetic field to be measured at the output.
The main contents of this article include three parts. They are the research and making of a flux-gate sensor, the design and implementation of flux-gate sensor’s analog processing circuits, the difference between closed-loop system and open-loop system of the circuits and the test for them.
(1) The research and making of a flux-gate sensor
First of all,starting from Faraday's law of induction, this thesis indicates working principle of the flux-gate phenomenon ,designs a two-core symmetric structure and derives its EMF expression Through comparison and analysis, it confirms the dual-core structure and designs of its specific structure. Then,by analyzing the affect of the sensor’s parameters and the number of turns to sensor, it determines the core material and the structure of dual-core coil frame size and finishes the making of the sensor. And then,it explains the sensor's sensitivity, nonlinear characteristics and accuracy of the sensor's performance,through the spectrum analysis of sensor’s output signal and noise signal,it makes out the processing method of the sensor’s output signal ---- second harmonic method.
(2) The design and implementation of flux-gate sensor’s analog processing circuit
Based on the making of the sensor and according to the principle of flux-gate sensors, this thesis designs out the sensor excitation circuits and signal processing circuits ,and the circuits finally obtains a analog DC signal proportional to magnetic field to be measured .Excitation circuit includes excitation signal generation circuitry and power amplifier circuit. The excitation signal in thesis is 4.8KHZ square wave produced by crystal. Signal processing circuits mainly contain the LC resonant、preamplifier、bandpass filter、demodulation、low pass filter、Integrator and feedback system. Thesis discusses every circuit modules above in detail from the design principles、design ideas、design details、problems and the improvement of all aspects.
(3) The research and the test of closed-loop system and open-loop system of the circuits
First, the thesis analyzes the difference between closed-loop system and open-loop system of the circuits theoretically and tests them each, and then tests the circuits of closed-loop system and open-loop system respectively. Under the same condition, use the same method to test the circuits and acquire the data ,then deal with the data separately by quadratic fitting and Non-linear error analysis. Thus ,from the result ,it can be seen that the linearity and error of the closed-loop system are better than the open-loop system’s.
This thesis completes three main areas of work above,and it finally obtains a analog DC signal whose non-linear error control within 0.2% proportional to magnetic field to be measured and the resolution of the sensor and its circuits is 0.2nT. It is consistent with the requirements of the sub-topic " The research on the key technology to Aeromagnetic vector (three-component) measure and prototype development ", and it takes practical value in the application of aeromagnetic measurements with the flux-gate sensor, laying the foundation for further work.
本论文的研究目的要制作出磁通门传感器并且设计出相应的模拟处理电路,最终获得一个与被测磁场强度成正比的模拟直流信号,为进一步研制一个完整的磁通门磁力仪做准备。论文首先从理论上探讨了磁通门传感器的工作原理及传感器内部各个参数对其性能的影响,设计了传感器的结构及各个参数,完成了传感器的研究和制作,然后对传感器的输出信号采用二次谐波法设计出了其检测处理模拟电路,进而得到一个与外界被测磁场强度成比例的模拟直流信号,并把其非线性误差控制在0.2%范围之内,且该传感器及该模拟处理电路能达到的分辨率为0.2nT,为完成分辨率为0.1nT的磁通门磁力仪奠定基础。
Flux-gate magnetometer is continually refined and developed with the development of electronic technology and geophysical science. With the characteristics of high resolution, wide measuring range, simple and reliable, economy and durability, able to directly measure the magnetic field components and suitable for being used in high-speed motion system , the Flux-gate magnetometer’s applications are also constantly expanding, for example: in the Earth's magnetic, mineral magnetic measurements, satellite attitude control, and many other related areas , Flux-gate magnetometer occupies an important position.
Thesis is a part of "The research on the key technology to Aeromagnetic vector (three-component) measure and prototype development" in one of National 863 Program from China Aero Geophysical Survey & Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources, and there will be a analog DC signal which is proportional to magnetic field to be measured at the output.
The main contents of this article include three parts. They are the research and making of a flux-gate sensor, the design and implementation of flux-gate sensor’s analog processing circuits, the difference between closed-loop system and open-loop system of the circuits and the test for them.
(1) The research and making of a flux-gate sensor
First of all,starting from Faraday's law of induction, this thesis indicates working principle of the flux-gate phenomenon ,designs a two-core symmetric structure and derives its EMF expression Through comparison and analysis, it confirms the dual-core structure and designs of its specific structure. Then,by analyzing the affect of the sensor’s parameters and the number of turns to sensor, it determines the core material and the structure of dual-core coil frame size and finishes the making of the sensor. And then,it explains the sensor's sensitivity, nonlinear characteristics and accuracy of the sensor's performance,through the spectrum analysis of sensor’s output signal and noise signal,it makes out the processing method of the sensor’s output signal ---- second harmonic method.
(2) The design and implementation of flux-gate sensor’s analog processing circuit
Based on the making of the sensor and according to the principle of flux-gate sensors, this thesis designs out the sensor excitation circuits and signal processing circuits ,and the circuits finally obtains a analog DC signal proportional to magnetic field to be measured .Excitation circuit includes excitation signal generation circuitry and power amplifier circuit. The excitation signal in thesis is 4.8KHZ square wave produced by crystal. Signal processing circuits mainly contain the LC resonant、preamplifier、bandpass filter、demodulation、low pass filter、Integrator and feedback system. Thesis discusses every circuit modules above in detail from the design principles、design ideas、design details、problems and the improvement of all aspects.
(3) The research and the test of closed-loop system and open-loop system of the circuits
First, the thesis analyzes the difference between closed-loop system and open-loop system of the circuits theoretically and tests them each, and then tests the circuits of closed-loop system and open-loop system respectively. Under the same condition, use the same method to test the circuits and acquire the data ,then deal with the data separately by quadratic fitting and Non-linear error analysis. Thus ,from the result ,it can be seen that the linearity and error of the closed-loop system are better than the open-loop system’s.
This thesis completes three main areas of work above,and it finally obtains a analog DC signal whose non-linear error control within 0.2% proportional to magnetic field to be measured and the resolution of the sensor and its circuits is 0.2nT. It is consistent with the requirements of the sub-topic " The research on the key technology to Aeromagnetic vector (three-component) measure and prototype development ", and it takes practical value in the application of aeromagnetic measurements with the flux-gate sensor, laying the foundation for further work.
引文
[1]李大明.磁场的测量.北京:机械工业出版社,1993年12月
[2]唐统一.近代磁场测量.北京:中国计量出版社,1992年
[3]王君,凌振宝.传感器原理及检测技术.吉林大学出版社.2003年9月
[4] Thomas H P. Direction responsive system .US Patent,No.2016977,1935
[5] Geyger W A. The ring core magnetometer-A new type of second-harmonic flux-gate. AIEE Trans. Communications and Electronics,1962
[6] Schonstedt E O and Irons H R. Airborne magnetometers for determining all magnetic components.Trans.AGU,1953,
[7] Primdahl F .The flux-gate magnetometer .J. of Phys .E: Scientific Instruments, 1979
[8] Primdahl F.A ferrite core flux-gate magnetometers. Danish Meterological Institute Geophysical Thesiss,1970
[9]丁鸿佳.隋厚堂.磁通门磁力仪和探头研制的最新进展.地球物理学进展,2004
[10]朱岗崑,徐文耀.MAGSAT地磁卫星及其应用J.地球物理学报.1988.3l(5):606～608.
[11]刘士杰,卢军,马连元等.CTM-320型三分量高分辨率磁通门磁力仪的研制与应用.地球物理学报,1990,33
[12] Yang Yuntao, SHI Zhiyong ,GUAN Zhenzhen . Research of a Navigation and Localization System Based on Geomagnetic Measure.Ordnance Engineering College; Shijiazhuang.第七届国际测试技术研讨会论文集
[13]顾伟,褚建新.单绕组单磁芯磁通门的原理及设计.仪表技术与传感1997年10期
[14]王正华.磁通门测磁传感器的特性分析[J].上海交通大学学报.1992年02期
[15]董新平,张承燕.一种新型磁通门磁强计.传感器技术.1999年第18卷第6期
[16]三端式磁通门传感器的数学建模.王锋,刘仁浩,张有维2中北大学学报(自然科学版).2008
[17]张学孚,陆怡良.磁通门技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1995年5月
[18]干露.高灵敏度环形磁通门传感器的研究和设计.华中科技大学硕士论文.2008
[19]丁鸿佳.磁通门(磁饱和)磁力仪探头特性的初步研究.地质仪器.1977
[20]张松勇.三端式磁通门磁力仪.中国.20051002829.9
[21]何静.宽带低噪声磁通门传感器.硕士学士论文.2007年3月
[22]陆怡良,张学孚.惯导系统捷联磁通门计设计与计算机处理技术.第七届全国磁学会论文集,1990.11,湖南,娄底
[23]谢子殿.磁通门信号处理电路的设计和研究.黑龙江科技学院出版社.2003年第13卷第2期
[24]郭爱煌,傅君眉.磁通门技术及其应用.传感器技术2000年第19卷第4期
[25]英)威廉斯著,周玉坤等译.电路设计与技巧.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[26]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础模拟部分(第四版) [M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999
[27]江思敏.陈明.Protel电路设计教程.清华大学. 2006-12-1
[28]黄昌宁,李清泉.集成运算放大器原理和应用.科学出版社
[29]张国雄.测控电路[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[30]杨会平.一维磁通门磁力计的研究.硕士论文,2005
[31]刘修文.实用电子电路图集[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[32]林金表,陈强.综合电子电路应用指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[33]杨振江,余进.多用途有源滤波器UAF42DE应用[J ] .电子技术应用,1997
[34]郑君里,杨为理.信号与系统(第二版) [M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[35]梅志红,杨万铨主编. MATLAB程序设计基础及应用.清华大学出版社.2005
[2]唐统一.近代磁场测量.北京:中国计量出版社,1992年
[3]王君,凌振宝.传感器原理及检测技术.吉林大学出版社.2003年9月
[4] Thomas H P. Direction responsive system .US Patent,No.2016977,1935
[5] Geyger W A. The ring core magnetometer-A new type of second-harmonic flux-gate. AIEE Trans. Communications and Electronics,1962
[6] Schonstedt E O and Irons H R. Airborne magnetometers for determining all magnetic components.Trans.AGU,1953,
[7] Primdahl F .The flux-gate magnetometer .J. of Phys .E: Scientific Instruments, 1979
[8] Primdahl F.A ferrite core flux-gate magnetometers. Danish Meterological Institute Geophysical Thesiss,1970
[9]丁鸿佳.隋厚堂.磁通门磁力仪和探头研制的最新进展.地球物理学进展,2004
[10]朱岗崑,徐文耀.MAGSAT地磁卫星及其应用J.地球物理学报.1988.3l(5):606～608.
[11]刘士杰,卢军,马连元等.CTM-320型三分量高分辨率磁通门磁力仪的研制与应用.地球物理学报,1990,33
[12] Yang Yuntao, SHI Zhiyong ,GUAN Zhenzhen . Research of a Navigation and Localization System Based on Geomagnetic Measure.Ordnance Engineering College; Shijiazhuang.第七届国际测试技术研讨会论文集
[13]顾伟,褚建新.单绕组单磁芯磁通门的原理及设计.仪表技术与传感1997年10期
[14]王正华.磁通门测磁传感器的特性分析[J].上海交通大学学报.1992年02期
[15]董新平,张承燕.一种新型磁通门磁强计.传感器技术.1999年第18卷第6期
[16]三端式磁通门传感器的数学建模.王锋,刘仁浩,张有维2中北大学学报(自然科学版).2008
[17]张学孚,陆怡良.磁通门技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1995年5月
[18]干露.高灵敏度环形磁通门传感器的研究和设计.华中科技大学硕士论文.2008
[19]丁鸿佳.磁通门(磁饱和)磁力仪探头特性的初步研究.地质仪器.1977
[20]张松勇.三端式磁通门磁力仪.中国.20051002829.9
[21]何静.宽带低噪声磁通门传感器.硕士学士论文.2007年3月
[22]陆怡良,张学孚.惯导系统捷联磁通门计设计与计算机处理技术.第七届全国磁学会论文集,1990.11,湖南,娄底
[23]谢子殿.磁通门信号处理电路的设计和研究.黑龙江科技学院出版社.2003年第13卷第2期
[24]郭爱煌,傅君眉.磁通门技术及其应用.传感器技术2000年第19卷第4期
[25]英)威廉斯著,周玉坤等译.电路设计与技巧.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[26]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础模拟部分(第四版) [M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999
[27]江思敏.陈明.Protel电路设计教程.清华大学. 2006-12-1
[28]黄昌宁,李清泉.集成运算放大器原理和应用.科学出版社
[29]张国雄.测控电路[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[30]杨会平.一维磁通门磁力计的研究.硕士论文,2005
[31]刘修文.实用电子电路图集[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[32]林金表,陈强.综合电子电路应用指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[33]杨振江,余进.多用途有源滤波器UAF42DE应用[J ] .电子技术应用,1997
[34]郑君里,杨为理.信号与系统(第二版) [M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[35]梅志红,杨万铨主编. MATLAB程序设计基础及应用.清华大学出版社.2005