软土地铁区间隧道结构抗爆承载能力的研究
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摘要
我国许多大城市如北京、天津、上海、广州和重庆等已在大规模兴建轨道交通,并多已初步形成较为便捷的轨道交通网络。其中天津、上海、广州等的地铁在市区多为穿行于软土隧道中的地铁线路。
我国以往建造的人防工程大多以预防核打击为目标进行设计,而地铁区间隧道因具有较强的抵御核爆炸冲击波的能力,在城市人防工程体系规划中常将其作为战时人员疏散的通道。然而在现代战争中,命中率高、破坏力强的高技术常规武器装备常起主导作用,其打击目标多为有战略意义的军事设施和生命线工程,城市地铁区间隧道一般虽不是直接打击的对象,但当其与重要建、构筑物相邻时,仍可因重要建筑物遭受常规武器袭击而危及其安全性,因而仍有必要对其研究在这种情况下抵御常规武器侵袭的能力。软土地层自身对常规武器爆炸的抵抗能力大大弱于岩石地层,故在当前形势下对上述课题的典型情况,即邻近目标遭遇常规武器侵袭时,软土地铁区间隧道的防护能力开展研究,不仅有理论意义,而且对这类城市地下铁道的兴建同时兼顾发挥人防功能有指导价值。
本文进行的研究工作主要包括:
(1)对上海地铁区间隧道穿越的主要地层进行动力特性试验,以确定其动力本构模型及其参数,并将其应用于分析爆炸冲击波荷载作用下,软土地铁区间隧道的动力响应。
(2)弹药在土中爆炸时爆炸冲击波的传播规律,以及爆炸冲击波荷载作用下软土地铁区间隧道结构动力响应的分析理论、计算与方法。
(3)爆炸冲击波荷载作用下,软土地铁区间隧道管片结构动力响应计算中,隧道管片接头性态的模拟技术。
(4)爆炸冲击波荷载作用下,典型软土地铁区间隧道的抗爆承载能力。
(5)在满足预定战技要求的前提下,爆心离相邻隧道外缘的安全距离及其影响因素。
最后,对全文的研究工作进行了总结,并对后续的研究工作进行了展望。
Many metropolitans in China, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chongqing, have been busy with the construction of railway transit system in the past few years, and nearly formed a convenient network. Moreover, in Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou, most part of the railway transit system in the downtown area is subway built in the tunnels in soft soil.
Most existing civil air defence works in China were built mainly to defend against the attack of nuclear weapons, and since the metro tunnels are considerably strong enough to resist the shock wave generated by nuclear explosion, they are often the evacuation passages in the network of civil air defence works. In modern wars, however, hi-tech conventional weapons with surprising accuracy and astonishing destructive effect have been widely used, and they are mainly used to attack military projects and city life-keeping facilities which are of strategic importance. Though it is little possible that urban metro tunnels are attacked directly, once the important buildings neighboring them are under attack, they are probably damaged. So it is necessary to evaluate their bearing capacities in this situation. Because the resistance ability of soft soil against blast wave is weaker than that of rock, the typical case in the situation mentioned above is to estimate the bearing capacities of urban subway tunnels in soft clay, which could help to present valuable advice to the construction of downtown subway tunnels.
Researches in this dissertation cover the followings five aspects:
(1) Dynamic triaxial test to establish the constitutive model of typical soft clay where urban subway tunnels in Shanghai mainly lie, and to get their relating parameters.
(2) The propagation rule of shock wave induced by explosion of conventional weapon in soft soil, and analysis theory, calculation method to evaluate the response of subway tunnel in soft clay under blast wave.
(3) Dynamic behavior simulation of tunnel segment joints under blast wave in soft soil.
(4) Bearing capacities evaluation of typical subway tunnel in soft soil under blast wave.
(5) Safety distance between the subway tunnel and charge in fulfillment of tactical and technical requirement.
Finally, conclusions are presented, as well as further research aspects are suggested at the end of the dissertation.
我国以往建造的人防工程大多以预防核打击为目标进行设计,而地铁区间隧道因具有较强的抵御核爆炸冲击波的能力,在城市人防工程体系规划中常将其作为战时人员疏散的通道。然而在现代战争中,命中率高、破坏力强的高技术常规武器装备常起主导作用,其打击目标多为有战略意义的军事设施和生命线工程,城市地铁区间隧道一般虽不是直接打击的对象,但当其与重要建、构筑物相邻时,仍可因重要建筑物遭受常规武器袭击而危及其安全性,因而仍有必要对其研究在这种情况下抵御常规武器侵袭的能力。软土地层自身对常规武器爆炸的抵抗能力大大弱于岩石地层,故在当前形势下对上述课题的典型情况,即邻近目标遭遇常规武器侵袭时,软土地铁区间隧道的防护能力开展研究,不仅有理论意义,而且对这类城市地下铁道的兴建同时兼顾发挥人防功能有指导价值。
本文进行的研究工作主要包括:
(1)对上海地铁区间隧道穿越的主要地层进行动力特性试验,以确定其动力本构模型及其参数,并将其应用于分析爆炸冲击波荷载作用下,软土地铁区间隧道的动力响应。
(2)弹药在土中爆炸时爆炸冲击波的传播规律,以及爆炸冲击波荷载作用下软土地铁区间隧道结构动力响应的分析理论、计算与方法。
(3)爆炸冲击波荷载作用下,软土地铁区间隧道管片结构动力响应计算中,隧道管片接头性态的模拟技术。
(4)爆炸冲击波荷载作用下,典型软土地铁区间隧道的抗爆承载能力。
(5)在满足预定战技要求的前提下,爆心离相邻隧道外缘的安全距离及其影响因素。
最后,对全文的研究工作进行了总结,并对后续的研究工作进行了展望。
Many metropolitans in China, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chongqing, have been busy with the construction of railway transit system in the past few years, and nearly formed a convenient network. Moreover, in Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou, most part of the railway transit system in the downtown area is subway built in the tunnels in soft soil.
Most existing civil air defence works in China were built mainly to defend against the attack of nuclear weapons, and since the metro tunnels are considerably strong enough to resist the shock wave generated by nuclear explosion, they are often the evacuation passages in the network of civil air defence works. In modern wars, however, hi-tech conventional weapons with surprising accuracy and astonishing destructive effect have been widely used, and they are mainly used to attack military projects and city life-keeping facilities which are of strategic importance. Though it is little possible that urban metro tunnels are attacked directly, once the important buildings neighboring them are under attack, they are probably damaged. So it is necessary to evaluate their bearing capacities in this situation. Because the resistance ability of soft soil against blast wave is weaker than that of rock, the typical case in the situation mentioned above is to estimate the bearing capacities of urban subway tunnels in soft clay, which could help to present valuable advice to the construction of downtown subway tunnels.
Researches in this dissertation cover the followings five aspects:
(1) Dynamic triaxial test to establish the constitutive model of typical soft clay where urban subway tunnels in Shanghai mainly lie, and to get their relating parameters.
(2) The propagation rule of shock wave induced by explosion of conventional weapon in soft soil, and analysis theory, calculation method to evaluate the response of subway tunnel in soft clay under blast wave.
(3) Dynamic behavior simulation of tunnel segment joints under blast wave in soft soil.
(4) Bearing capacities evaluation of typical subway tunnel in soft soil under blast wave.
(5) Safety distance between the subway tunnel and charge in fulfillment of tactical and technical requirement.
Finally, conclusions are presented, as well as further research aspects are suggested at the end of the dissertation.
引文
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